RESUMO
Municipal wastewater treatment plays an indispensable role in enhancing water quality by eliminating contaminants. While the process is vital, its environmental footprint, especially in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, remains underexplored. Here we offer a comprehensive assessment of GHG emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across China. Our analyses reveal an estimated 1.54 (0.92-2.65) × 104 Gg release of GHGs (CO2-eq) in 2020, with a dominant contribution from N2O emissions and electricity consumption. We can foresee a 60-65% reduction potential in GHG emissions with promising advancements in wastewater treatment, such as cutting-edge biological techniques, intelligent wastewater strategies, and a shift towards renewable energy sources.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence, demographic characteristics, risk factors and protective factors on major depression disorder (MDD) among the affected people in the epicenter, 7 months after the 2008-earthquake in Wenchuan, China. METHODS: Stratified multistage cluster randomization was conducted to choose 14 503 subjects aged 15 years or over in the city of Dujiangyan, Beichuan county and Qingchuan county, Sichuan province. We used the general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) as the screening instrument, and the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR axis I disorder-patient edition (SCID-I/P) as the tool for diagnosis. RESULTS: There were 180 persons diagnosed as MDD with other 13 asymptomatic ones. The point prevalence of MDD was 1.27% and the lifetime prevalence was 1.36%. Risk factors were including:being female (OR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.136 â¼ 2.143, P < 0.05), co-morbidity with somatic diseases (OR = 4.02, 95%CI: 2.75 - 5.90, P < 0.05), wounded in the earthquake (OR = 3.29, 95%CI: 1.92 - 5.65, P < 0.05), property loss up to 10 000 - 20 000 Yuan (OR = 2.09, 95%CI: 1.18 - 3.69, P < 0.05), property loss up to > 20 000 Yuan (OR = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.38 - 4.68, P < 0.05), death or missing of family members (OR = 3.79, 95%CI: 2.08 - 6.89, P < 0.05) and in middle-age (OR = 2.31, 95%CI: 1.38 - 3.86, P < 0.05) etc. Having had a job seemed to be a protective factor (OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.43 - 0.83, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Major depressive disorder appeared to be a common psychiatric disease in these quake-stricken areas, that causing serious problems. Sustained follow-up and care provided to the affected people in these areas were of extreme importance.
