[Tactics and indications for surgical treatment of patients with combined extra- and intracranial lesions of the carotid arteries]. / Taktika i pokazaniia k khirurgicheskomu lecheniiu bol'nykh s sochetannymi ékstra- i intrakranial'nymi porazheniiami sonnykh arterii.

The authors present the results of surgical treatment of patients with concomitant extra-intracranial and bilateral lesions of the carotid arteries. The patients underwent 163 operations for establishment of extra-intracranial microanastomosis (EICMA) including reconstruction of the extracranial segments with EICMA establishment (75 cases). In 66 cases, EICMA was performed for contralateral stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Of these, 22 patients later underwent carotid endarterectomy. In 14 patients, EICMA was established as the first stage before reconstruction of the iliofemoral segment. The operation was also performed in 8 patients with occlusion of the median cerebral artery or with the crimp of the carotid arteries. Examinations that included ultrasound dopplerography, transcranial dopplerography, studies of the cerebral blood flow according to 133Xe clearance and angiography were carried out. A study was made of the long-term results of the surgical treatment (from 0.5 to 5 years). It has been discovered that to estimate indications for surgical treatment, it is necessary that the data on the regional blood flow (RBF) be taken into account. In patients with stable cerebral hemodynamics according to the RBF that characterizes an uneventful course of ICA occlusion and in the decompensated type most typical of patients with pronounced postinsult neurological dificit, the establishment of EICMA is not indicated. Surgical treatment is most desirable in ICA occlusion (with preliminary reconstruction of the extracranial segments provided they are impaired) and in patients with unstable cerebral hemodynamics most typical of patients with transitory ischemic attacks, dyscirculatory encephalopathy, and minor brain stroke with chiefly mild residual phenomena of ischemic brain stroke.

[Single-photon emission-computed tomography of the head using labelled amines in visualizing the cerebral microcirculation]. / Odnofotonnaia émissionnaia komp'iuternaia tomografiia golovnogo mozga s mechennymi aminami pri vizualizatsii mozgovoi mikrotsirkuliatsii.

The authors presented clinical material on cerebral hemodynamics in patients with neurological pathology in suspected tumor vascular cerebral diseases and craniocerebral traumas. Investigation of cerebral microcirculation was performed using a multidetector single-photon emission tomograph "Testoscan" (USSR) after iv administration of 99mTc-hexamethylpropilene-amyloxine. This radiopharmaceutical is good for the evaluation of cerebral perfusion and gives a clinician rich information on cerebral microcirculation.

[Tactics and indications in the surgical treatment of patients with combined extra- and intracranial lesions of the carotid arteries]. / Taktika i pokazaniia k khirurgicheskomu lecheniiu bol'nykh s sochetannymi ékstra-intrakranial'nymi porazheniiami sonnykh arterii.

The article deals with the results of surgical treatment of 159 patients with concomitant extra-intracranial and bilateral lesions of the carotid arteries; 163 operations were conducted for the formation of an extra-intracranial microanastomosis (EICMA) among which 75 operations comprised reconstruction of extracranial segments with creation of EICMA. In 66 cases EICMA was performed in contralateral stenosis of the internal carotid artery (in 22 with subsequent carotid endarterectomy), in 14 cases as the first stage before reconstruction of the iliofemoral segment, and in 8 cases in occlusion of the middle cerebral artery or in tortuous carotid arteries. Complex examination was conducted, including ultrasonic dopplerography, transcranial dopplerography, study of cerebral blood flow according to Xe-133 clearance, and angiography. The late-term results of surgery were studied in follow-up periods of 6 months to 5 years. It was found that to appraise the indications for surgical treatment it is necessary to take into account the data obtained in studying the regional cerebral blood flow. Surgical treatment is indicated in occlusion of the internal carotid artery (with preliminary reconstruction of extracranial segments when they are involved) in patients with unstable type of cerebral hemodynamics, which is most characteristic in patients with transitory ischemic episodes, dyscirculatory encephalopathy, small apoplexy and predominantly with mild sequelae of ischemic apoplexy.

[Regional cerebral blood flow and the collateral reserve of the blood supply to the brain in occlusion of the internal carotid artery]. / Regionarnyi mozgovoi krovotok i kollateral'nyi rezerv krovosnabzheniia golovonogo mozga pri okkliuzii vnutrennei sonnoi arterii.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and CO2-reactivity were investigated by the clearance of inhalation 133Xe on a 32-detector system in 33 patients with occlusion of the internal carotid artery. The patients were divided into 2 groups: with few symptoms and residual effects of ischemic insult of various degrees of expression. rCBF asymmetry was more noticeable in the 2nd group than in the 1st group. Different types of reactions to hypercapnia were noted. Three types of cerebral hemodynamics (stable, unstable and decompensated) were singled out on the basis of a study of rCBF and CO2-reactivity results. It is more advisable that patients with an unstable type of hemodynamics should be operated on.

[Surgical treatment of combined extra- and intracranial lesions of the carotid arteries]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechnie sochetannykh ékstra- i intrakranial'nykh porazhenii sonnykh arterii.

The results of surgery for extra- and intracranial lesions of the carotid arteries in 108 patients are analysed. Application of non-invasive methods of examination parallelled with angiography provided a positive estimate of collateral circulation in unilateral occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Long-term postoperative studies showed best results in patients with transitory ischaemic attacks, minor stroke, dyscirculatory encephalopathy, and minor sequelae of ischaemic stroke. Surgery is contraindicated in moderate to severe poststroke neurological defect and does not have an advantage over conservative treatment.