Prevalence of diabetes, obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidemia in the central area of Argentina.

OBJECTIVES: There is little information available about the prevalence of chronic metabolic diseases in many Latin American countries. Between 1995 and 1998, studies on the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes were carried out in four cities located in central Argentina: Dean Funes, Oncativo, Pehuajo and Venado Tuerto. The data provided by these surveys are reanalysed here in order to determine prevalence of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes using new epidemiological criteria. METHODS: Representative samples of the population, based on a multistage probabilistic sampling design, were taken from each of the four cities. The sample size was calculated to obtain a precision of 4% for the prevalence assessment. The subjects included were aged 20 years and over. Standardization of the prevalence rates used the entire study sample as the reference population. RESULTS: Age-standardised prevalence rates for the cities ranged between 22.4% and 30.8% for obesity, 27.9% and 43.6% for hypertension, 24.2% and 36.4% for hyperlipidemia, and 6.5% and 7.7% for diabetes mellitus. All these prevalences increased with age. 58.1% of the obese subjects and 51.2% of the diabetic subjects had hypertension, while 43.2% of the obese subjects and 52.8% of the diabetic subjects had hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSIONS: While the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was between 6% and 8%, the prevalence of obesity was close to 26% and hypertension and hyperlipidemia affected one third of the population. These data can be considered as indicative of the prevalences of these four diseases in the population aged 20 years and over, in the central region of Argentina.

Prevalence of diabetes and obesity in an urban population of Argentina.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity was studied in the urban area of La Plata City, Argentina. In the chosen population the age ranged from 20 to 74 years. Overt diabetics were not included in the study. For each individual, sex, age, weight, height, body mass index, (BMI), education, type of job and clinical and diabetic background were registered. Plasma glucose values were measured by reading Dextrostix strips in the Dextrometer, in samples obtained by finger punction 2 h after a 50-g glucose load. The final size of the sample (809 people), with an age and sex distribution similar to that of the general population, was attained at random, considering a diabetes prevalence of 6% in the population and a precision and confidence limit in the estimation of 2% and 95%, respectively. The results were evaluated using the post-load glucose values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) (200 mg/100 ml). According to these values, the prevalence of diabetes in our population was 2.7%. When adding the 2.3% of known diabetics to these figures, a prevalence of 5% was obtained. The value of the ratio of number of normal newborns/number of pregnancies significantly diminished as a function of the increment in the plasma glucose values found in the probands. Taking into account the BMI values, 37% of our sample population were obese subjects. Even when the glucose values obtained in obese subjects were within the normal range, they were significantly higher than those obtained in the nonobese group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)