Minimally Invasive Approach to Renal Artery Using Different Types of Catheter by Conventional Radiology

Background: Several routes of administration have been used for cell and gene therapy delivery in kidney disease in the last years. Moreover, a more homogenous distribution and a higher response was observed when administered intra-arterially. The main objective of the present study was to describe and to compare the use of Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter with angiographic catheter through the femoral artery by using conventional radiology as a guide.Materials, Methods & Results: Seven healthy dogs were used in these experiments. First, a Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter was introduced followed by an angiographic catheter. The primary outcome was the number of attempts for the placement of the introducer and the number of radiographic studies to carry out nephrography. Preceding the surgical procedure, ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in all animals in order to measure the diameter of the left and right femoral arteries, left and right renal and abdominal aorta at the renal level. After trichotomy and antisepsis of the medial face of the two pelvic limbs, the 6F valve introducer was placed based on the modified Seldinger technique. Thereafter, aortography was performed, showing its collateral arteries, with contrast injection, and it was estimated how much of the Fogarty 5,5F catheter had to be introduced. Subsequently, a guidewire was inserted throu

Minimally Invasive Approach to Renal Artery Using Different Types of Catheter by Conventional Radiology

Background: Several routes of administration have been used for cell and gene therapy delivery in kidney disease in the last years. Moreover, a more homogenous distribution and a higher response was observed when administered intra-arterially. The main objective of the present study was to describe and to compare the use of Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter with angiographic catheter through the femoral artery by using conventional radiology as a guide.Materials, Methods & Results: Seven healthy dogs were used in these experiments. First, a Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter was introduced followed by an angiographic catheter. The primary outcome was the number of attempts for the placement of the introducer and the number of radiographic studies to carry out nephrography. Preceding the surgical procedure, ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in all animals in order to measure the diameter of the left and right femoral arteries, left and right renal and abdominal aorta at the renal level. After trichotomy and antisepsis of the medial face of the two pelvic limbs, the 6F valve introducer was placed based on the modified Seldinger technique. Thereafter, aortography was performed, showing its collateral arteries, with contrast injection, and it was estimated how much of the Fogarty 5,5F catheter had to be introduced. Subsequently, a guidewire was inserted throu

Minimally Invasive Approach to Renal Artery Using Different Types of Catheter by Conventional Radiology

Background: Several routes of administration have been used for cell and gene therapy delivery in kidney disease in the last years. Moreover, a more homogenous distribution and a higher response was observed when administered intra-arterially. The main objective of the present study was to describe and to compare the use of Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter with angiographic catheter through the femoral artery by using conventional radiology as a guide.Materials, Methods & Results: Seven healthy dogs were used in these experiments. First, a Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter was introduced followed by an angiographic catheter. The primary outcome was the number of attempts for the placement of the introducer and the number of radiographic studies to carry out nephrography. Preceding the surgical procedure, ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in all animals in order to measure the diameter of the left and right femoral arteries, left and right renal and abdominal aorta at the renal level. After trichotomy and antisepsis of the medial face of the two pelvic limbs, the 6F valve introducer was placed based on the modified Seldinger technique. Thereafter, aortography was performed, showing its collateral arteries, with contrast injection, and it was estimated how much of the Fogarty 5,5F catheter had to be introduced. Subsequently, a guidewire was inserted throu

Minimally Invasive Approach to Renal Artery Using Different Types of Catheter by Conventional Radiology

Background: Several routes of administration have been used for cell and gene therapy delivery in kidney disease in the last years. Moreover, a more homogenous distribution and a higher response was observed when administered intra-arterially. The main objective of the present study was to describe and to compare the use of Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter with angiographic catheter through the femoral artery by using conventional radiology as a guide.Materials, Methods & Results: Seven healthy dogs were used in these experiments. First, a Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter was introduced followed by an angiographic catheter. The primary outcome was the number of attempts for the placement of the introducer and the number of radiographic studies to carry out nephrography. Preceding the surgical procedure, ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in all animals in order to measure the diameter of the left and right femoral arteries, left and right renal and abdominal aorta at the renal level. After trichotomy and antisepsis of the medial face of the two pelvic limbs, the 6F valve introducer was placed based on the modified Seldinger technique. Thereafter, aortography was performed, showing its collateral arteries, with contrast injection, and it was estimated how much of the Fogarty 5,5F catheter had to be introduced. Subsequently, a guidewire was inserted throu

Minimally Invasive Approach to Renal Artery Using Different Types of Catheter by Conventional Radiology

Background: Several routes of administration have been used for cell and gene therapy delivery in kidney disease in the last years. Moreover, a more homogenous distribution and a higher response was observed when administered intra-arterially. The main objective of the present study was to describe and to compare the use of Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter with angiographic catheter through the femoral artery by using conventional radiology as a guide.Materials, Methods & Results: Seven healthy dogs were used in these experiments. First, a Fogarty thru-lumen embolectomy catheter was introduced followed by an angiographic catheter. The primary outcome was the number of attempts for the placement of the introducer and the number of radiographic studies to carry out nephrography. Preceding the surgical procedure, ultrasonographic evaluation was performed in all animals in order to measure the diameter of the left and right femoral arteries, left and right renal and abdominal aorta at the renal level. After trichotomy and antisepsis of the medial face of the two pelvic limbs, the 6F valve introducer was placed based on the modified Seldinger technique. Thereafter, aortography was performed, showing its collateral arteries, with contrast injection, and it was estimated how much of the Fogarty 5,5F catheter had to be introduced. Subsequently, a guidewire was inserted throu

Angiografia cerebral em cães

Cerebral angiography is an imaging technique used to detect alterations in the blood supply of the brain. A positive contrast is injected and the image obtained by conventional radiography, computerized tomography or magnetic resonance (MRI). The present research describes the technique with the use of conventional radiography due to the rare availability of tomography or MRI equipment in veterinary practice. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of the method in demonstrating the angiographic pattern of normal animals, to serve as a complementary exam to simple x-ray and improve the capability of detecting altered intracranial blood flow. It is concluded that the technique is capable of producing clear images of cerebral vessels and its ramifications.

Angiografia cerebral é o método de imagem empregado para detecção de alterações dos vasos sanguíneos do cérebro, pela injeção de contraste positivo e obtenção da imagem por meio da radiografia convencional, tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética. No presente trabalho, descreve-se a técnica com o emprego da radiografia convencional em razão da disponibilidade muito restrita de equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada e da inexistência de equipamentos de ressonância magnética na área da medicina veterinária, no Brasil. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia do meio de imagem para demonstrar o padrão angiográfico de animais sem afecção neurológica, visando a preencher a lacuna deixada pelo exame radiográfico simples, em casos de alterações de fluxo sanguíneo intracranianos. Concluiu-se que a técnica utilizada é eficaz para a obtenção de imagens nítidas dos vasos cerebrais e sua distribuição.

Angiografia cerebral em cães

Cerebral angiography is an imaging technique used to detect alterations in the blood supply of the brain. A positive contrast is injected and the image obtained by conventional radiography, computerized tomography or magnetic resonance (MRI). The present research describes the technique with the use of conventional radiography due to the rare availability of tomography or MRI equipment in veterinary practice. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of the method in demonstrating the angiographic pattern of normal animals, to serve as a complementary exam to simple x-ray and improve the capability of detecting altered intracranial blood flow. It is concluded that the technique is capable of producing clear images of cerebral vessels and its ramifications.

Angiografia cerebral é o método de imagem empregado para detecção de alterações dos vasos sanguíneos do cérebro, pela injeção de contraste positivo e obtenção da imagem por meio da radiografia convencional, tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética. No presente trabalho, descreve-se a técnica com o emprego da radiografia convencional em razão da disponibilidade muito restrita de equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada e da inexistência de equipamentos de ressonância magnética na área da medicina veterinária, no Brasil. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia do meio de imagem para demonstrar o padrão angiográfico de animais sem afecção neurológica, visando a preencher a lacuna deixada pelo exame radiográfico simples, em casos de alterações de fluxo sanguíneo intracranianos. Concluiu-se que a técnica utilizada é eficaz para a obtenção de imagens nítidas dos vasos cerebrais e sua distribuição.

Angiografia cerebral em cães

Cerebral angiography is an imaging technique used to detect alterations in the blood supply of the brain. A positive contrast is injected and the image obtained by conventional radiography, computerized tomography or magnetic resonance (MRI). The present research describes the technique with the use of conventional radiography due to the rare availability of tomography or MRI equipment in veterinary practice. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of the method in demonstrating the angiographic pattern of normal animals, to serve as a complementary exam to simple x-ray and improve the capability of detecting altered intracranial blood flow. It is concluded that the technique is capable of producing clear images of cerebral vessels and its ramifications.

Angiografia cerebral é o método de imagem empregado para detecção de alterações dos vasos sanguíneos do cérebro, pela injeção de contraste positivo e obtenção da imagem por meio da radiografia convencional, tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética. No presente trabalho, descreve-se a técnica com o emprego da radiografia convencional em razão da disponibilidade muito restrita de equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada e da inexistência de equipamentos de ressonância magnética na área da medicina veterinária, no Brasil. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia do meio de imagem para demonstrar o padrão angiográfico de animais sem afecção neurológica, visando a preencher a lacuna deixada pelo exame radiográfico simples, em casos de alterações de fluxo sanguíneo intracranianos. Concluiu-se que a técnica utilizada é eficaz para a obtenção de imagens nítidas dos vasos cerebrais e sua distribuição.

cães

Hydronephrosis often originates from the partial or complete obstruction of the urine flow and it can affect one or both kidneys, causing dilation and progressive functional impairment. Urinary drainage by percutaneous nephrostomy promotes immediate relief of intrarenal pressure, diverting the urine flow when its habitual trajectory is damaged. The aim of this study was to describe and adjust the percutaneous nephrostomy technique, using ultrasound as a real-time guide. The procedure was performed on eight dogs, with unilateral hydronephrosis produced experimentally. The Seldinger and direct insertion techniques were used for the introduction of a pigtail catheter. The confirmation of the insertion of the cateter into the kidney was carried out by the infusion of iodine contrast medium according to the percutaneous antegrade pyelography. The technique demonstrated satisfactory results in urinary drainage hydronephrosis in dogs, proving to be a quick, efficient and safe alternative.

A hidronefrose decorre freqüentemente da obstrução parcial ou completa do fluxo de urina e pode afetar um ou ambos os rins, causando dilatação da pelve e comprometimento funcional progressivo. A drenagem urinária por nefrostomia percutânea promove a diminuição imediata da pressão intra-renal, desviando a urina de seu trajeto habitual, quando o mesmo encontra-se prejudicado. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e adequar a técnica de nefrostomia percutânea para seu uso em cães, utilizando a ultra-sonografia como guia em tempo real. O procedimento foi realizado em oito cães, submetidos à produção experimental de hidronefrose unilateral. As técnicas de Seldinger e de inserção direta foram utilizadas para a introdução de um cateter de modelo pigtail. A confirmação do cateter na pelve renal foi feita pela infusão de meio de contraste à base de iodo, através do mesmo, conforme a técnica de pielografia percutânea anterógrada. A nefrostomia percutânea ecoguiada demonstrou resultados satisfatórios na drenagem urinária de hidronefrose em cães, provando ser uma alternativa rápida, eficiente e segura.

Padronização da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) do acessório do carpo em eqüinos atletas da raça Quarto de Milha

The bone mineral density (BMD) of the accessory carpal bone was measured (in aluminum millimeters - mmAl) in 30 female and 30 male Quarter Horse equines aging between 42 and 48 months that presented distal epiphysis of the radio closed, in full activity, using optical densitometry in radiographic images. Evaluation was made using a software specially developed for optical density measurement in X-ray films, containing the radiographic image of the accessory carpus bone, the region of soft parts adjacent to the accessory carpus and the degrees of an aluminum step wedge, used to measure BMD value (average of the interest region established on the accessory carpus bone corresponding to the value on the step wedge in millimeters/aluminum ( mmAl)). BMD values found for female were 4.49 ± 0.69mm Al with age of 43 ± 2 months e for male 4.43 ± 0.8mm Al, with average age 45 ± 2 months not show differences statistically significant in BMD values among sexes.

Eqüinos da raça Quarto de Milha, 30 machos e 30 fêmeas com idade entre 42 e 48 meses, apresentando a epífise distal do rádio fechada, em plena atividade esportiva, foram analisados quanto à densidade mineral óssea (DMO) do acessório do carpo, tendo os valores expressos em milímetros de alumínio (mmAl). As radiografias da estrutura óssea, juntamente com uma escala de alumínio (penetrômetro) foram analisadas por meio de um programa computacional, especialmente desenvolvido para medida da densidade óptica em imagem radiográfica. O valor médio encontrado para as fêmeas foi de 4,49±0,69mmAl, com idade média de 43±2 meses e, para os machos, de 4,43 ± 0,81mmAl, com idade média de 45±2 meses, não havendo diferença significativa na DMO entre os sexos.

Padronização da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) do acessório do carpo em eqüinos atletas da raça Quarto de Milha

The bone mineral density (BMD) of the accessory carpal bone was measured (in aluminum millimeters - mmAl) in 30 female and 30 male Quarter Horse equines aging between 42 and 48 months that presented distal epiphysis of the radio closed, in full activity, using optical densitometry in radiographic images. Evaluation was made using a software specially developed for optical density measurement in X-ray films, containing the radiographic image of the accessory carpus bone, the region of soft parts adjacent to the accessory carpus and the degrees of an aluminum step wedge, used to measure BMD value (average of the interest region established on the accessory carpus bone corresponding to the value on the step wedge in millimeters/aluminum ( mmAl)). BMD values found for female were 4.49 ± 0.69mm Al with age of 43 ± 2 months e for male 4.43 ± 0.8mm Al, with average age 45 ± 2 months not show differences statistically significant in BMD values among sexes.

Eqüinos da raça Quarto de Milha, 30 machos e 30 fêmeas com idade entre 42 e 48 meses, apresentando a epífise distal do rádio fechada, em plena atividade esportiva, foram analisados quanto à densidade mineral óssea (DMO) do acessório do carpo, tendo os valores expressos em milímetros de alumínio (mmAl). As radiografias da estrutura óssea, juntamente com uma escala de alumínio (penetrômetro) foram analisadas por meio de um programa computacional, especialmente desenvolvido para medida da densidade óptica em imagem radiográfica. O valor médio encontrado para as fêmeas foi de 4,49±0,69mmAl, com idade média de 43±2 meses e, para os machos, de 4,43 ± 0,81mmAl, com idade média de 45±2 meses, não havendo diferença significativa na DMO entre os sexos.

Valores normais da densidade mineral óssea do acessório do carpo em eqüinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) determinados por meio da densitometria óptica em imagem radiográfica

Physiologic values of the bone mineral density (BMD) of the accessory carpal bone in Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) horse breed were determined by radiographic optic densitometry (ROD), expressed in milimiters of alumminun (mmAl). Lateromedial radiographs of the carpus were taken from 12 intact males and 12 females, from 20 and up to 30 months of age. No significant difference was found in the average mineral bone density of the accessory carpal bone between males (4.7 ± 0.1mmAl) and females (4.6 ± 0.1mmAl) from 20 to 30 months of age.

Com o objetivo de estabelecer os valores normais da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) em milímetros de alumínio (mmAl) de eqüinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH), foi radiografado o osso acessório do carpo de animais desta raça e aplicada a técnica da densitometria óptica em imagem radiográfica (DOR). Foram utilizados animais de 20 a 30 meses de idade, sendo 12 machos e 12 fêmeas. A DMO média foi de 4,7 ± 0,1mmAl para os machos e de 4,6 ± 0,1mmAl para as fêmeas, não sendo significativa a diferença entre estes valores.

Valores normais da densidade mineral óssea do acessório do carpo em eqüinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) determinados por meio da densitometria óptica em imagem radiográfica

Physiologic values of the bone mineral density (BMD) of the accessory carpal bone in Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) horse breed were determined by radiographic optic densitometry (ROD), expressed in milimiters of alumminun (mmAl). Lateromedial radiographs of the carpus were taken from 12 intact males and 12 females, from 20 and up to 30 months of age. No significant difference was found in the average mineral bone density of the accessory carpal bone between males (4.7 ± 0.1mmAl) and females (4.6 ± 0.1mmAl) from 20 to 30 months of age.

Com o objetivo de estabelecer os valores normais da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) em milímetros de alumínio (mmAl) de eqüinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH), foi radiografado o osso acessório do carpo de animais desta raça e aplicada a técnica da densitometria óptica em imagem radiográfica (DOR). Foram utilizados animais de 20 a 30 meses de idade, sendo 12 machos e 12 fêmeas. A DMO média foi de 4,7 ± 0,1mmAl para os machos e de 4,6 ± 0,1mmAl para as fêmeas, não sendo significativa a diferença entre estes valores.

Fechamento epifisário da extremidade distal do rádio de eqüinos da raça Brasileira de Hipismo (BH)

Twenty-four Brasileiro de Hipismo horses (BH), 12 intact males and 12 females, were used in this study to determine the closure time of the distal radial physis. Craniocaudal radiographs of the distal radius were taken at 18 months of age and until the fusion of the physis. Data were analysed by One-way ANOVA and Student t-test to compare means between groups. The closure time of the distal radial physis occurred at 25.83 ± 1.58 months of age in females and 28.16 ± 1.40 months in males (p 0.001).

Com o objetivo de avaliar a idade de fechamento epifisário da raça Brasileira de Hipismo (BH), um grupo de 24 cavalos, 12 machos inteiros e 12 fêmeas, teve a região epifisária da extremidade distal do rádio radiografada, mês a mês, em projeção crânio-caudal, a partir dos 18 meses de idade até o fechamento completo. Os dados do experimento foram analisados pelo método ANOVA de uma via, utilizando-se o teste "t" de Student para comparação entre as médias. Concluiu-se que o fechamento epifisário completo ocorreu aos 25,83 ± 1,58 meses nas fêmeas e aos 28,16 ± 1,40 meses nos machos (p 0,001), observando-se que as primeiras são mais precoces no parâmetro maturidade óssea.

Fechamento epifisário da extremidade distal do rádio de eqüinos da raça Brasileira de Hipismo (BH)

Twenty-four Brasileiro de Hipismo horses (BH), 12 intact males and 12 females, were used in this study to determine the closure time of the distal radial physis. Craniocaudal radiographs of the distal radius were taken at 18 months of age and until the fusion of the physis. Data were analysed by One-way ANOVA and Student t-test to compare means between groups. The closure time of the distal radial physis occurred at 25.83 ± 1.58 months of age in females and 28.16 ± 1.40 months in males (p 0.001).

Com o objetivo de avaliar a idade de fechamento epifisário da raça Brasileira de Hipismo (BH), um grupo de 24 cavalos, 12 machos inteiros e 12 fêmeas, teve a região epifisária da extremidade distal do rádio radiografada, mês a mês, em projeção crânio-caudal, a partir dos 18 meses de idade até o fechamento completo. Os dados do experimento foram analisados pelo método ANOVA de uma via, utilizando-se o teste "t" de Student para comparação entre as médias. Concluiu-se que o fechamento epifisário completo ocorreu aos 25,83 ± 1,58 meses nas fêmeas e aos 28,16 ± 1,40 meses nos machos (p 0,001), observando-se que as primeiras são mais precoces no parâmetro maturidade óssea.

Reimplantação de ureter ectópico em cadela

SUMMARY A case of an ectopic left ureter in a bitch is reported. The clinical symptoms, radiological and surgical diagnostic, ureterovesical anastomosis with ureter reimplantation at the vesical trigon and post surgical evaluation through an excretory urography objecting to demonstrate the ureteral function are described.

RESUMO Relata-se um caso de ectopia uretral esquerda em cadela. Descreve-se os sintomas, diagnóstico radiológico e cirúrgico, anastomose vesicouretral com reimplante do ureter no trígono vesical e exame radiográfico pós-operatório através de urografia excretora para avaliação da função renal e ureteral.

REIMPLANTAÇÃO DE URETER ECTÓPICO EM CADELA

SUMMARY A case of an ectopic left ureter in a bitch is reported. The clinical symptoms, radiological and surgical diagnostic, ureterovesical anastomosis with ureter reimplantation at the vesical trigon and post surgical evaluation through an excretory urography objecting to demonstrate the ureteral function are described.

RESUMO Relata-se um caso de ectopia uretral esquerda em cadela. Descreve-se os sintomas, diagnóstico radiológico e cirúrgico, anastomose vesicouretral com reimplante do ureter no trígono vesical e exame radiográfico pós-operatório através de urografia excretora para avaliação da função renal e ureteral.