Obesity and respiratory diseases.

The obesity epidemic is a global problem, which is set to increase over time. However, the effects of obesity on the respiratory system are often underappreciated. In this review, we will discuss the mechanical effects of obesity on lung physiology and the function of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ producing systemic inflammation and effecting central respiratory control. Obesity plays a key role in the development of obstructive sleep apnea and obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Asthma is more common and often harder to treat in the obese population, and in this study, we review the effects of obesity on airway inflammation and respiratory mechanics. We also discuss the compounding effects of obesity on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the paradoxical interaction of body mass index and COPD severity. Many practical challenges exist in caring for obese patients, and we highlight the complications faced by patients undergoing surgical procedures, especially given the increased use of bariatric surgery. Ultimately, a greater understanding of the effects of obesity on the respiratory disease and the provision of adequate health care resources is vital in order to care for this increasingly important patient population.

Thrombophlebitis migrans in a man with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Thrombophlebitis migrans is characterised by the development of recurrent (i.e. migratory) superficial thrombophlebitis. It is an acquired coagulopathy that is strongly associated with malignancy, especially solid tumours of the adenocarcinoma type. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62 year old male presented with jaundice, abdominal pain, anorexia, steatorrhoea and dark urine. Ultrasound demonstrated a mass in the head of the pancreas causing common bile duct obstruction. Histology confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma. He was subsequently noted to have a migratory, tender and erythematous rash consistent with thrombophlebitis migrans. CONCLUSION: Thrombophlebitis migrans is more easily recognised in patients with an established diagnosis of malignancy than in situations where the thrombophlebitis is first diagnosed. In the latter situation, investigations for an occult malignancy should be sought.