[Mechanism of the membrane stabilizing action of vitamins K and E under conditions of chronic phenol poisoning in albino rats]. / K mekhanizmu membranostabiliziruiushchego deistviia vitaminov K i E v usloviiakh khronicheskoi intoksikatsii belykh krys fenolom.

In experiment with white male-rats the influence of membranotropic phenol-poison on the qualitative composition of phospholipids of liver, kidneys, heart, skeletal muscles as well as biomembranes of erythrocytes and mitochondria of liver was investigates. Along with these investigations the possibility of preventing from supposed changes of qualitative composition of phospholipids has also been studied by additional injection K and K vitamins as minor lipid components. As the result of this research it was stated that when phenol (per, os) was repeatedly injected the content of lysophospholipids, phosphatidic acids in phospholipid composition increased and the content of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin simultaneous decreased. Additional injection E and K vitamins (50 mg/kg by weight and 20 mg/kg accordingly) prevented to a greater extent the changes of fractional composition of the lipid phase of biomembranes. The mechanism of protective action of K and E vitamins is probably connected with spatial screening of pi-bonds in the radicals of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipid composition from reoxidation and on the hand the competitive interrelations may exist between minor lipid components and on the other hand between the ethers of cholesterol. These conclusions agree with hypothesis that K and E vitamins are the natural modifiers of the membranes of different types of structure.

[Lipid and protein composition of membranes and carbohydrate metabolism in rats subjected to bilateral adrenalectomy; correction of disorders by vitamins K and E]. / Lipidnyi i belkovyi sostav membran i uglevodnyi obmen u krys s dvustoronnei adrenaléktomiei; korrektsiia narushenii vitaminami K i E.

Experiments in rats have confirmed that fractional composition of membrane (mitochondria, erythrocytes) phospholipids changes under adrenalectomy conditions. These changes are accompanied by disturbances in quantitative composition and correlation of basic phospholipid fractions (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol and its ether). While investigating the content of integral proteins and lipoproteins under adrenalectomy conditions changes in absolute composition and correlation of fractions are observed. Additional injection of vitamins K and E to adrenalectomized animals prevented these disturbances. Changes of main biomembrane structural components (mitochondria, erythrocytes) were accompanied by changes in the direction of metabolism.

[The effect of vitamin K on the activity of glycolysis and pentose phosphate cycle enzymes]. / Vliianie vitamina K na aktivnost' fermentov glikoliza i pentozofosfatnogo tsikla.

Effect of naphthoquinone levels on the activity of enzymes involved in glycolysis and pentose phosphate cycles was studied in male rats. Under conditions of primary and secondary K-avitaminosis the enzymatic activity, limiting these cycles, (aldolase of fructose-1,6-diphosphate, glucose phosphate isomerase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) was increased, while the mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase activity was decreased. As a result of metabolic transformations under conditions of K-avitaminosis (primary and secondary) concentration of DNA in the animal tissues was lowered.

[Mechanism of action of naphthoquinones and hydroxycoumarins on the mechano-active properties of isolated coronary arteries]. / K mekhanizmu deistviia naftokhinonov i oksikumarinov na mekhanoaktivnye svoistva izolirovannykh koronarnykh arterii.

The action of natural naphthoquinones and their antagonists oxicoumarins on mechanoactive properties of isolated coronary arteries was studied in experiments on male albino rats. Vitamin K deficiency (primary, secondary) was found to be accompanied with disturbances of mechanoactive properties of the heart vessels Naphthoquinones (vitamins K1 and K3) exerted a spasmolytic action on coronary vessels of intact animals and animals with vitamin K deficiency as well. These effects are supposed to be probably related to the redistribution of cations Ca2+ and K+ in membranes.

[The role of N-quinones in the regulation of glucose-6-phosphate metabolism]. / Rol' N-khinonov v reguliatsii napravlennosti obmena gliukozo-6-fosfata.

In experimental (white rats, rabbits) and clinical (erythrocytes, blood plasma) studies on 29 healthy subjects and patients it has been demonstrated that primary or secondary n-quinone deficiency is accompanied by increased tissue activity of glycolysis enzymes (aldolase, PGmutase) and aerobic pentose phosphate shunt (6 GPDH). Parallel rise in the amount of glycolysis metabolites (pyruvate and lactate) in the blood and the decline in blood plasma glucose level were observed. The changes in glucose-6-phosphate metabolism are, probably, secondary and reflect tissue structure alterations in the development of K and E avitaminosis.

[Effect of naphthoquinones and tocopherols on the level of integral proteins in mitochondrial membranes and DNA levels in rat and rabbit tissue]. / Vliianie naftokhinonov i tokoferolov na soderzhanie integral'nykh belkov v membranakh mitokhondrii i DNK v tkaniakh krys i krolikov.

Naphthoquinones and tocopherols are studied for their effect on the state of integral proteins of the mitochondrial liver and myocardium membranes in the experiments on the male rats and rabbits. It is established that deficiency of vitamins K and E in the organism (naphthoquinones and tocopherols) is followed by a decrease in the content of integral proteins and by disturbances in correlation of their fractions. These changes in K, E-avitaminosis are accompanied by a decrease of the DNA content in the tissues. Realization of K and E vitamins on the level of structural biomembrane organization is supposed to be possible.

[Tissue lipolytic activity with various vitamin K and E allowances in white rats]. / Lipoliticheskaia aktivnost' tkanei pri razlichnoi obespechennosti belykh krys vitaminami K i E.

Experiments on white male rats were performed to study the activity of tissue lipase (pH 6.8-7.2) and lipoprotein lipase (pH 8.5) in the liver, skeletal muscles and kidneys depending on the body supply with vitamins K and E. It was established that in rats with food K-avitaminosis, liver and skeletal muscle lipase and lipoprotein lipase and kidney lipoprotein lipase were activated. The analogous changes in the activity of the test enzymes were discovered in animals given antivitamins K - hydroxycoumarins (e.g. pelentan). The exception to the rule was lipase (pH 6.8-7.2) of the kidneys. E-avitaminosis was accompanied by alterations in the activity of the test enzymes in the liver, skeletal muscles and kidneys.

[Effect of naphthoquinones and tocopherols on the changes in mitochondrial volume]. / Vliianie naftokhinonov i tokoferolov na izmenenie ob''ema mitokhondrii.

Experiments with albino mice show that a long deficiency of natural tocopherols and naphthoquinones in the organism causes a change in the mitochondrial volume of the liver, myocardium and skeletal muscles. Addition of ADP (5 mM) to the mitochondrial suspension does not lead to adequate changes in the optic density that evidences for inability of mitochondria to regulate actively their volume under a long K- and E-hypovitaminosis. Due to the treatment of intact mitochondria with 1% acetone solution the volume of mitochondria changes significantly, whereas addition of vitamin KI (2-4 mM) prevents partially these changes.

[Mechanism of action of hydroxycoumarin derivatives]. / K mekhanizmu deistviia proizvodnykh oksikumarina.

Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the effects of hydroxycoumarin derivatives (pelentan) on the composition and correlation of phospholipids (PL) in red cell biomembranes. PL such as cardiolipin, cholesterol and its esters phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine experienced the greatest changes. The changes in the composition of biomembrane PL were accompanied by an increase in the total cholesterol content in red cell biomembranes and by an increase in the total and free non-esterified fatty acids in blood plasma (P less than 0.05). At the same time the changes were discovered in the activity of transketolase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase limiting the pentosephosphate shunt.