Disorder and twinning in molecular crystals: impurity-induced effects in adipic acid.

The variation in physical properties of crystals grown in the presence of additives or impurities have previously been attributed to lattice disorder developed during crystallization. Adipic acid crystallized in the presence of a variety of stereochemically related impurities typifies such behavior with disorder manifest in variations of dissolution rates and enthalpies of solution and fusion. In this case the most extreme habit, produced by the presence of added monoalkanoic acids, is a rounded dumbbell that was suggested previously to be a twinned crystal. In this contribution such crystals are fully characterized both through their external morphology and by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction. These techniques show that these particles are not twinned but rather are disordered single crystals comprising a small number of slightly misaligned domains. The interaction between additive and substrate is modeled and new additives selected that induce the formation of true mechanical twins in adipic acid.

Molecular modelling and biological evaluation of a series of hydroxylated benzylideneanilines and benzylamines designed as tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

A series of hydroxylated benzylideneanilines and benzylamines were prepared and tested for inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity in vitro. Molecular modelling and analysis of the biological results lead us to propose a minimal structural pharmacophore for two distinct binding sites within the PTK domain.