RESUMO
Juvenile salmon sharks beach yearly along the California coast, primarily during late summer and early fall. Fresh, frozen, and formalin-fixed tissues from 19 stranded salmon sharks were collected for examination. Histopathology revealed meningitis or meningoencephalitis in 18 of 19 shark brains with intralesional bacteria observed in 6 of the affected brains. Bacterial culture of fresh or frozen brain, liver, and/or heart blood from 13 sharks yielded pure cultures characterized molecularly and/or biochemically as belonging to the genus Carnobacterium. The 16s ribosomal DNA sequence of 7 tissue isolates from 7 separate sharks was 99% homologous to C. maltaromaticum (GenBank FJ656722.1). Sequence of the large ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) was 97% homologous to C. maltaromaticum (AF374295.1). This is the first report of Carnobacterium infection in any shark species, and the authors posit that brain infection caused by Carnobacterium is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in juvenile salmon sharks found stranded along the Pacific coast of California.
Assuntos
Carnobacterium/classificação , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/veterinária , Meningoencefalite/veterinária , Tubarões , Animais , Encéfalo/microbiologia , Encéfalo/patologia , California , Carnobacterium/genética , Carnobacterium/isolamento & purificação , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Feminino , Doenças dos Peixes/patologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/patologia , Fígado/microbiologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Meningoencefalite/microbiologia , Meningoencefalite/patologia , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterináriaRESUMO
The fast-growing nontuberculous mycobacterial species Mycobacterium chelonae was isolated from six captive South African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) with chronic weight loss and nonhealing ulcerative skin lesions. Three of the M. chelonae isolates were evaluated to confirm the species identification using polymerase chain reaction restriction analysis. Disease associated with M. chelonae is reported mainly in people and in fish. To our knowledge, this is the first report of disease associated with M. chelonae in a colony of captive Xenopus sp.
Assuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/veterinária , Mycobacterium chelonae , Xenopus laevis , Animais , Animais de Laboratório , California , Feminino , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/patologia , Mycobacterium chelonae/genética , Mycobacterium chelonae/isolamento & purificação , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Redução de PesoRESUMO
During the summer of 1996, an outbreak of Flavobacterium meningosepticum infection developed in a colony of South African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis). Clinical signs were consistent with septicemia: ascites, anasarca, dyspnea, extreme lethargy, congestion of web vessels, petechial hemorrhages, and sudden death. Mortality rate reached 35%, and all infections were fatal. The organism was resistant to most antibiotics but was susceptible to enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine. Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine was unsuccessful. Although the point source of the infection was not determined, several environmental reservoirs were identified, including a communal water barrel and various pieces of equipment. Molecular strain typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and biochemical analyses revealed that frogs were infected with a single strain of F meningosepticum. Sanitation and management procedures were effective in controlling the outbreak.
