Zinc supplementation and light intensity affect 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) formation in fragrant rice.

BACKGROUND: Improving the yield and aroma content of fragrant rice is the focus of fragrant rice research. Light and Zinc (Zn) management generally cause regulations in the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) accumulation in fragrant rice. In addition, Zn promotes rice growth and improves rice yield, which has the potential to compensate for the negative impact of low light on fragrant rice yield. However, the potential of Zn to improve fragrant rice yield and 2AP content under shading conditions has not been verified. METHODS: Field experiments were conducted in the rice season (May-September) in 2019 to 2021. Two light i.e., normal light (NL) and low light (LL) and four Zn levels i.e., 0 kg Zn ha- 1 (N0), 1 kg Zn ha- 1 (Zn1), 2 kg Zn ha- 1(Zn2), and 3 kg Zn ha- 1 (Zn3), which applied at booting stage was set up. The grain yield, 2AP contents, Zn content in polished rice, photosynthesis related indicators, MDA content, antioxidant enzyme activity and the biochemical parameters related to 2AP formation were investigated. RESULTS: Shading reduced yield by 8.74% and increased 2AP content by 24.37%. In addition, shading reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and increased proline, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C), proline dehydrogenase (PDH), △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS), malondialdehyde (MDA). With increasing Zn application levels, yield, 2AP, Zn content in polished rice, Pn, proline, P5C, GABA, PDH, P5CS, SOD, CAT and POD increased, and MDA decreased. Significant Light and Zn interaction effect on 2AP content was detected, and both shading and increasing Zn application increased the 2AP content. CONCLUSION: Shading can increase the 2AP content but reduce the yield of fragrant rice. Increasing Zn application under shading conditions can further promote the biosynthesis of 2AP, but the effect of improving yield is limited.

Ultrasonographic and pathologic features in fetal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To summarize the prenatal sonographic characteristics of affected joints of fetal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) by comparing the ultrasonographic features and the postnatal pathological manifestations.Methods:The cases of AMC detected by antenatal ultrasound and confirmed by postnatal pathology were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University and Kaiping Central Hospital from January 2015 to June 2020. The differences between prenatal ultrasonic manifestations, types of affected joints and postnatal pathological features were analyzed. And the different involvements of joints in AMC cases with or without other system abnormalities were also explored separately.Results:A total of 31 cases of AMC were included, in which 11 cases were with other system abnormalities and 20 cases without. No significant difference was observed in number of affected joints between these two groups ( P>0.05). The prenatal sonogram features were completely consistent with the postnatal pathological manifestations in 21 (21/31, 67.7%) cases. Among 31 cases, the involvement rates of joints were: interphalangeal joints of fingers (23/31, 74.2%), knee joints (20/31, 64.5%) and ankle joints (19/31, 61.3%), temporomandibular joint (11/31, 35.5%), wrists (11/31, 35.5%), elbow joints (10/31, 32.3%), interphalangeal joints of toes (6/31, 19.4%), spinal joints (2/31, 6.5%), shoulder joint (1/31, 3.2%) and hip joint (1/31, 3.2%), respectively. The coincidence rates of prenatal ultrasound in involved joints were: interphalangeal joints of fingers (100%), ankles (100%), spines (100%), hips (100%), wrists (90.9%), knees (75.0%), elbows (70.0%), jaws (54.5%), interphalangeal joints of toes (50.0%), and shoulders (0), respectively. Conclusions:When postural abnormalities of fetal upper and lower extremities are detected by prenatal ultrasound screening, especially overlapping fingers, extended knee and club foot, AMC should be kept on alert. Simultaneously, other joints should be carefully scanned to improve the prenatal detection rate of AMC.

Saliency Detection via Absorbing Markov Chain With Learnt Transition Probability.

In this paper, we propose a bottom-up saliency model based on absorbing Markov chain (AMC). First, a sparsely connected graph is constructed to capture the local context information of each node. All image boundary nodes and other nodes are, respectively, treated as the absorbing nodes and transient nodes in the absorbing Markov chain. Then, the expected number of times from each transient node to all other transient nodes can be used to represent the saliency value of this node. The absorbed time depends on the weights on the path and their spatial coordinates, which are completely encoded in the transition probability matrix. Considering the importance of this matrix, we adopt different hierarchies of deep features extracted from fully convolutional networks and learn a transition probability matrix, which is called learnt transition probability matrix. Although the performance is significantly promoted, salient objects are not uniformly highlighted very well. To solve this problem, an angular embedding technique is investigated to refine the saliency results. Based on pairwise local orderings, which are produced by the saliency maps of AMC and boundary maps, we rearrange the global orderings (saliency value) of all nodes. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on six publicly available benchmark data sets.

Advance in Nutritional Problems and Intervention after Spinal Cord Injury (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Changes in metabolism after spinal cord injury cause many nutritional problems, leading to an increased incidence of dyslipidemia, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Unreasonable diet structure will promote the occurrence of metabolic abnormalities, induce secondary lesions, and increase mortality in patients with spinal cord injury at early stage. A comprehensive intervention including exercise, diet and dietary supplements is needed .

Effect of Colchicine on Tumor Markers in Patients with Gouty Arthritis / 医学研究杂志

Objective To explore the influence of different doses and courses of colchicine on tumor markers in patients with gouty arthritis.Methods Totally 102 patients with acute gouty arthritis were divided into group 1 (had taken colchicine before in hospital)and group 2 (hadn't taken colchicine before in hospital).Group 2 was divided into two subgroups,group 2A and group 2B.We also included 31 cases of non-gouty arthritis patients in the same period in the hospital as control group.Group 2A and group 1 were given 0.5 mg bid of colchicine and corresponding NSAID on the day admitted to hospital.Group 2B were given the same dose of colchicine the next day.Blood sedimentation,c-reactive protein,serum creatinine,blood uric acid,CA724,AFP,CEA,CA125,CA153 and CA199 were detected in all patients on the next day admitted to hospital.Then we analyzed the differences and influencing factors among the groups.Retest CA724 1 week later,and follow-up parts of patients,reevaluate CA724 again after stopping using colchicine.Results Compared with the control group,CA724 significantly elevated in patients who took colchicine,and the difference was statistically significant.CA724 level of day 1 in group 2A was obviously higher than that of group 2B,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant.It showed that very low dose colchicine can also result in higher CA724,and the level was closely relative to total dose and using course.After stopping drug,CA724 value can drop to normal range.Conclusion Colchicine can significantly affect the level of serum CA724,which gradually rise with the increase of drug dose and course.It can be back to normal after drug withdrawal.The discovery can avoid the clinical misdiagnosis and excessive medical treatment,It has certain guiding significance.

The synthesis of purine derivatives and its inhibitory activity on CD38 NADase / 药学学报

CD38 is a multifunctional enzyme expressed in a variety of mammalian tissues, its catalytic activity was involved in a wide range of physiological processes. Based on the reported inhibitor of human CD38 NADase, 33 purine derivatives were designed and synthesized. The biological activity assay showed that compounds 20 and 38 exhibited almost the same extent of inhibitory activities on human CD38 NADase as the lead compound H2. The results also revealed that small substituents at C-6 of purine ring gave no obvious effect on inhibitory activity, but phenylpropionyl moiety at N-2 could affect the binding mode of the compound with CD38. This study provides a reliable basis for future rational design of inhibitors for CD38.

Design and synthesis of photoaffinity biotin labelled 2'-O-propargyl-guanosine / 药学学报

Photoaffinity labeling is widely applied to demonstrate targets of small molecule ligands. In this paper, biotin photoaffinity labeled molecule with propargyl group 1 has been designed and synthesized, followed it's labeling of N2-acetyl-2'-O-propargyl guanosine 9 by "click chemistry". This technology presents delight development potential in labeling of second messenger cyclic nucleotide, antisense oligonucleotide or siRNA.

The basic and applied basic researches are the foundation of research and development of new drugs / 北京大学学报(医学版)

From the soon-to-be-completed Human Genome Project to Combinatorial Chemistry and High-Throughput Screening combined with bioinformatic tools, scie n tific advances are poised to revolutionize drug discovery and even health care. The research directions in the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Dr ugs of Peking University mainly focus on the study of interaction between biolog ical targets and active compounds with structural diversity including endogeno us and exogenous substances, especially the natural products that come from anim als, plants and inorganic medicines. The new lead compounds have been designed and s ynthesized based on the structure-activity relationship and computer modeling. T he research activities are involved in 76 national research projects. From 1996 -20 00, 310 papers have been published, 8 patents obtained an d 14 prizes of scientific achievements awarded by the Chinese government and min istries.

Nucleosides from Anthopleura stell / 中草药

To study the chemical constituents of sea anemone, Anthopleura stell Verrill.Methods　The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatographic methods and their structures elucidated by chemical evidences and spectra data.Results　5 nucleosides were obtained and identified from the ethanolic extract as 2-hydroxy purine (Ⅰ); deoxyinosine (Ⅱ); 1-methylxanthosine (Ⅲ); deoxyguanosine (Ⅳ), and deoxyribo-thymidine (Ⅴ).Conclusion　Compound Ⅲ was a new natural product， while the others were found from sea anemone for the first time.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM CHINESE ANTHO-PLEURA XANTHOGRAMMICA BERKLY(II) / 中国海洋药物

From ethyl acetate fraction of Chinese Anthopleura xanthogrammica B, collected from Qingdao beach, three new glycerolipids named 1-O-hexadecanoyl-2-O (9-oc-tadecenoyl )-3-O-( 9, 12-octadecadienoyl ) glycerol (3)'1-O-hexadecahoyl-3-O-(14-eiosyle-cenoyl)glycerol (4)and l-O-(9,12-octadecadienoyl)-2-O-(9,12-octadecadienoyl)glycerol (5) as well as two lipidic acids named 9,12-octadecadienoic acidd) and 9,14-docosandienoic acid (2) were isolated. Their structures were identified by various spectrial(IR,PNMR ,CNMR, MS,et al)analysis and chemical conversion.