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1.
J Vet Intern Med ; 33(2): 1009-1014, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30758870

RESUMO

A 2-year-old mixed breed goat was presented for a 1-day history of anorexia and 1 week of weight loss. Serum biochemistry disclosed severe azotemia. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed decreased renal corticomedullary distinction, poor visualization of the renal pelves, and dilated ureters. On necropsy, the kidneys were small, the pelves were dilated, and the medulla was partially effaced by variably sized yellow nephroliths. Histologically, cortical and medullary tubules were distended by yellow-brown, multilayered crystals. Stone composition was 100% xanthine. Exonic sequencing of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and molybdenum cofactor sulfurase (MOCOS) identified 2 putative pathogenic variants: a heterozygous XDH p.Leu128Pro variant and a homozygous MOCOS p.Asp303Gly variant. Variant frequencies were determined in 7 herd mates, 12 goats undergoing necropsy, and 443 goats from genome databases. The XDH variant was not present in any of these 462 goats. The MOCOS variant allele frequency was 0.03 overall, with 3 homozygotes detected. Hereditary xanthinuria is a recessive disorder in other species, but the XDH variant could be causal if the case goat is a compound heterozygote harboring a second variant in a regulatory region not analyzed or if the combination of the XDH and MOCOS variants together abolish XDH activity. Alternatively, the MOCOS variant alone could be causal despite the presence of other homozygotes, because hereditary xanthinuria in humans often is asymptomatic. Ours is the first report describing the clinical presentation and pathology associated with xanthine urolithiasis in a goat. The data support hereditary xanthinuria, but functional studies are needed to conclusively determine the causal variant(s).


Assuntos
Doenças das Cabras/congênito , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo da Purina-Pirimidina/veterinária , Urolitíase/veterinária , Animais , Feminino , Doenças das Cabras/genética , Doenças das Cabras/metabolismo , Cabras , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo da Purina-Pirimidina/genética , Sulfurtransferases/genética , Urolitíase/patologia , Xantina/análise , Xantina Desidrogenase/genética
2.
Can J Vet Res ; 80(3): 183-8, 2016 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27408330

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to describe the association between thermal measures in the barn environment (pen temperature and humidity) and fecal shedding of Salmonella in dairy cattle. A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted within a commercial dairy herd located in the midwestern United States. Five pooled fecal samples were collected monthly from each pen for 9 mo and submitted for microbiological culture. Negative binomial regression methods were used to test the association [incidence rate ratio (IRR)] between Salmonella pen status (the count of Salmonella-positive pools) and thermal environmental parameters [average temperature and temperature humidity index (THI)] for 3 time periods (48 h, 72 h, and 1 wk) before fecal sampling. Salmonella was cultured from 10.8% [39/360; 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.8% to 14.5%] of pooled samples. The highest proportion of positive pools occurred in August. The IRR ranged from 1.26 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.39, THI 1 wk) to 4.5 (95% CI: 2.13 to 9.51, heat exposure 1 wk) across all thermal parameters and lag time periods measured. For example, the incidence rate of Salmonella-positive pools increased by 54% for every 5°C increment in average temperature (IRR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.29 to 1.85) and 29% for every 5-unit increase in THI (IRR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.42) during the 72 h before sampling. The incidence rate ratio for pens exposed to higher temperatures (> 25°C) was 4.5 times (95% CI: 2.13 to 9.51) the incidence rate ratio for pens exposed to temperatures < 25°C in the 72 h before sampling. Likewise, the incidence rate ratio for pens exposed to THI > 70 was 4.23 times greater (95% CI: 2.1 to 8.28) than when the THI was < 70 in the 72 h before sampling. An association was found between the thermal environment and Salmonella shedding in dairy cattle. Further research is warranted in order to fully understand the component risks associated with the summer season and increased Salmonella shedding.


L'objectif de cette étude est de décrire l'association entre les mesures thermiques de l'étable (température et humidité des enclos) et l'excrétion fécale de Salmonella chez les bovins laitiers. Une étude transversale répétée a été réalisée dans un troupeau laitier commercial situé dans la région du Midwest des États-Unis. 5 échantillons composites de fèces ont été récoltés de chaque stalle d'une manière mensuelle pendant neuf mois puis soumis pour culture microbiologique. Des méthodes de régression binomiale négative ont été utilisées pour tester l'association (ratio de taux d'incidence, IRR) entre la présence de Salmonella dans les enclos (nombre d'échantillons positifs à Salmonella) et les paramètres environnementaux [température moyenne, index humidité température (THI) pour 3 périodes (48 h, 72 h, 1 semaine)]. Salmonella a été cultivée de 10,8 % (39/360; I.C. 95 % 7,8 %­14,5 %) des échantillons composites. La plus grande proportion d'échantillons positifs ont été collectés durant le mois d'août. Le rapport des taux d'incidence (IRR) a varié de 1,26 (IIR = 1,26; I.C. à 95 % 1,15 à 1,39) à 4,5 (IRR = 4,5; I.C. à 95 % 2,13 à 9,51) pour tous les paramètres thermiques et les des périodes étudiés. Par exemple, l'augmentation d'échantillons Salmonella positifs est de 54 % par incrément de cinq °C de température moyenne (IRR = 1,54; I.C. à 95 % 1,29 à 1,85) et de 29 % pour chaque augmentation de cinq unités de THI (IRR = 1,29; IC à 95 % 1,16 à 1,42) dans les 72 heures avant l'échantillonnage. Le ratio de taux d'incidence pour les enclos exposés à de hautes temperatures (> 25 °C) était 4,5 fois (I.C. à 95 % 2,13 à 9,51) supérieur au ratio de taux d'incidence des enclos exposés à des temperatures < 25 °C. De même, Le ratio de taux d'incidence des enclos exposés à des THI > 70 est de 4,23 (I.C. à 95 % 2,16­8,28) superieur a ceux dont le THI est < 70 dans les 72 heures précédant l'échantionnage. Une association a été trouvée entre les mesures thermiques et l'excrétion de Salmonella chez les bovins laitiers. Plus de recherches sont requises pour comprendre entièrement les risques associés à la saison estivale et à l'excrétion de Salmonella.(Traduit par les autuers).


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Salmonelose Animal/diagnóstico , Temperatura , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Meio Ambiente , Umidade , Meio-Oeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Salmonelose Animal/epidemiologia , Estações do Ano , Fatores de Tempo
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