1,3,5-Triazine as a promising scaffold in the development of therapeutic agents against breast cancer.

1,3,5-Triazine scaffold has garnered considerable interest due to its wide-ranging pharmacological properties, particularly in the field of cancer research. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Approximately one in eight women will receive a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer during their lifetime. The five-year survival rate for invasive breast cancer is less than 30 %, indicating a need to develop a more effective therapeutic agent targeting breast cancer. This review discusses bioactive 1,3,5-triazines targeting breast cancer cells by the inhibition of different enzymes, which include PI3K, mTOR, EGFR, VEGFR, FAK, CDK, DHFR, DNA topoisomerase, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, carbonic anhydrase, and matrix metalloproteinase. The anticancer agent search in some drug discovery programs is based on compound screening for antiproliferative activity. Often, multiple targets contribute to the anticancer effect of 1,3,5-triazines and this approach allows identification of active molecules prior to identification of their targets.

Ethnic disparities and its association between epicardial adipose tissue thickness and cardiometabolic parameters.

Excessive deposit of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) were recently shown to be positively correlated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to investigate the thickness of EAT and its association with the components of metabolic syndrome among multi-ethnic Malaysians with and without acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A total of 213 patients were recruited, with the thickness of EAT were quantified non-invasively using standard two-dimensional echocardiography. EAT thickness among the Malaysian population was prompted by several demographic factors and medical comorbidities, particularly T2DM and dyslipidaemia. ACS patients have significantly thicker EAT compared to those without ACS (4.1 mm vs 3.7 mm, p = 0.035). Interestingly, among all the races, Chinese had the thickest EAT distribution (4.6 mm vs 3.8 mm), with age (p = 0.04 vs p < 0.001), and overall diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.028) was also found to be associated with EAT thickness. Further study is warranted to investigate its role as a cardiovascular risk marker among Malaysians with ACS.