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Boosting dielectric permittivity representing electrical polarizability of dielectric materials has been considered a keystone for achieving scientific breakthroughs as well as technological advances in various multifunctional devices. Here, we demonstrate sizable enhancements of low-frequency dielectric responses in oxygen-deficient oxide ceramics through specific treatments under humid environments. Ultrahigh dielectric permittivity (~5.2 × 106 at 1 Hz) is achieved by hydrogenation, when Ni-substituted BaTiO3 ceramics are exposed to high humidity. Intriguingly, thermal annealing can restore the dielectric on-state (exhibiting huge polarizability in the treated ceramics) to the initial dielectric off-state (displaying low polarizability of ~103 in the pristine ceramics after sintering). The conversion between these two dielectric states via the ambient environment-mediated treatments and the successive application of external stimuli allows us to realize reversible control of dielectric relaxation characteristics in oxide ceramics. Conceptually, our findings are of practical interest for applications to highly efficient dielectric-based humidity sensors.
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P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to be involved in multidrug resistance (MDR) and modulation of pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of substrate drugs. Here, we studied the effects of synthesized ferulic acid (FA) derivatives on P-gp function in vitro and examined PK alteration of paclitaxel (PTX), a well-known P-gp substrate drug by the derivative. Compound 5c, the FA derivative chosen as a significant P-gp inhibitor among eight FA candidates by in vitro results, increased PTX AUCinf as much as twofold versus the control by reducing PTX elimination in rats. These results suggest that FA derivative can increase PTX bioavailability by inhibiting P-gp existing in eliminating organs.
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PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The high biodiversity in the Baetic-Rifan hotspot of Mediterranean region is shaped by complex geological and climatic histories and has been a subject of recent intensive studies. However, very little is known about phylogenetic and biogeographic history of three rare and critically endangered cliff-dwelling species of Sonchus in section Pustulati in this region. METHODS: We investigated the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of populations based on nuclear (ITS/ETS) and plastid (3'trnL-ndhJ/psaI-accD) DNA sequences, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). We performed a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analysis with ITS data to estimate divergence times for major lineages. KEY RESULTS: ITS/ETS and AFLP phylogenies showed high concordance and contrasted with cpDNA data. The divergence between S. masguindalii and S. fragilis was dated at 5.48 Ma, between S. fragilis and S. pustulatus at 3.89 Ma, and between the Baetic and Rifan S. pustulatus at 1.18 Ma. Within each distribution area, AFLP data showed a relatively high genetic structuring and moderate genetic diversity, the latter being impoverished in the Baetic populations. CONCLUSIONS: Our results further confirm the hybrid origin of S. pustulatus, a critically endangered species. The origin and diversification of lineages appear to have occurred on the temporary land bridge that joined Iberian and North Africa during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (5.96-5.33 Ma) and the subsequent Zanclean flood that progressively refilled the Mediterranean Basin (5.33-3.60 Ma). The only Baetic populations of S. pustulatus most likely originated from the Rifan ones.
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Filogeografia , Dispersão Vegetal , Sonchus/fisiologia , Núcleo Celular/genética , DNA de Cloroplastos/genética , DNA de Plantas/genética , Ecossistema , Marrocos , Filogenia , Plastídeos/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sonchus/genética , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Colorectal adenomatous polyps are precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of colorectal adenomatous polyps in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and determine whether COPD is associated with colorectal malignant potential. METHODS: Subjects who had undergone post-bronchodilator spirometry and colonoscopy and were 40 years or older were selected from the hospital database. COPD was defined as a spirometry in which the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) is <0.7 in post-bronchodilator spirometry. The non-COPD group was matched for both age and sex, and were defined as having an FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ≥0.7 in spirometry. Finally, 333 patients were retrospectively reviewed; of this group, 82 patients had COPD. RESULTS: Among the subjects, 201 patients (60%) were nonsmokers, while 78 (23%) were current smokers. The prevalence of colorectal adenomatous polyps was 39% (98/251) in the non-COPD group and 66% (54/82) in the COPD group. Among 54 patients with adenomatous polyps in the COPD group, 47 had tubular adenoma and seven had villous adenoma. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that only COPD patients whom matched to the criteria of COPD by pulmonary function test (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-3.8; P=0.019) were independently associated with colorectal malignant potential. CONCLUSION: The risk of colorectal malignant potential in the COPD group was higher than in the non-COPD group. We may suggest that COPD patients should consider regular colonoscopic evaluation to screen for premalignant colon polyps regardless of smoking.
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Pólipos Adenomatosos/epidemiologia , Neoplasias do Colo/epidemiologia , Pólipos do Colo/epidemiologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Pólipos Adenomatosos/diagnóstico , Adulto , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Neoplasias do Colo/diagnóstico , Pólipos do Colo/diagnóstico , Colonoscopia , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Incidência , Modelos Logísticos , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnóstico , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prevalência , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Espirometria , Capacidade VitalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a convenient, non-radiating, readily available measurement of arterial stiffness, and coronary artery calcium (CAC), a reliable marker of coronary atherosclerosis, in a large sample of young and middle-aged asymptomatic adults; and to assess the incremental value of baPWV for detecting prevalent CAC beyond traditional risk factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 15,185 asymptomatic Korean adults who voluntarily underwent a comprehensive health screening program including measurement of baPWV and CAC. BaPWV was measured using an oscillometric method with cuffs placed on both arms and ankles. CAC burden was assessed using a multi-detector CT scan and scored following Agatston's method. RESULTS: The prevalence of CAC > 0 and CAC > 100 increased across baPWV quintiles. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for CAC > 0 comparing baPWV quintiles 2-5 versus quintile 1 were 1.06 (0.87-1.30), 1.24 (1.02-1.50), 1.39 (1.15-1.69) and 1.60 (1.31-1.96), respectively (P trend < 0.001). Similarly, the relative prevalence ratios for CAC > 100 were 1.30 (0.74-2.26), 1.59 (0.93-2.71), 1.74 (1.03-2.94) and 2.59 (1.54-4.36), respectively (P trend < 0.001). For CAC > 100, the area under the ROC curve for baPWV alone was 0.71 (0.68-0.74), and the addition of baPWV to traditional risk factors significantly improved the discrimination and calibration of models for detecting prevalent CAC > 0 and CAC > 100. CONCLUSIONS: BaPWV was independently associated with the presence and severity of CAC in a large sample of young and middle-aged asymptomatic adults. BaPWV may be a valuable tool for identifying apparently low-risk individuals with increased burden of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Índice Tornozelo-Braço , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Calcificação Vascular/diagnóstico , Rigidez Vascular , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Área Sob a Curva , Doenças Assintomáticas , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prevalência , Curva ROC , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Calcificação Vascular/epidemiologia , Calcificação Vascular/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In epidemiological studies of asthma, questionnaires to differentiate asthmatics from non-asthmatics have proven to be cost-effective and convenient. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and the validity of five items for the asthma like questionnaire recommended by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). METHODS: A total of 680 subjects who visited the pulmonology department with suspected symptoms of asthma were enrolled. All participants completed five items questionnaires and underwent methacholine bronchial provocation tests (MBPT). The diagnostic value of the questionnaire was assessed through analysis of the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that questionnaires about wheezing, exercise induced dyspnea and pollution-induced dyspnea were useful for differentiating asthmatics from non-asthmatics (adjusted odds ratio (OR) =2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-3.0; OR =2.3, 95% CI 1.5-3.5; OR =2.0, 95% CI 1.3-3.0) respectively. A total symptom score of higher than 1 was associated with the highest sensitivity (98.4%) and lowest specificity (9.4%). In contrast, a total symptom score of more than 5 was associated with the highest specificity (91.9%) and lowest sensitivity (18.5%) CONCLUSIONS: Although questionnaires are not a sufficiently accurate method for diagnosing asthma, properly selected questionnaire can be used as effective strategies in situations such as private clinics or large population based epidemiologic studies.
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Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/fisiopatologia , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Asma/complicações , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/complicações , Hiper-Reatividade Brônquica/fisiopatologia , Testes de Provocação Brônquica , Broncoconstritores , Dispneia/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Cloreto de Metacolina , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sons Respiratórios/etiologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study described the acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) population and identified potential modifiable markers of outcome. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter study was performed in 22 intensive care units (ICUs). The clinical outcomes of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were compared to the outcomes in patients with non-ARDS AHRF, and a propensity score matched analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total 837 patients with an arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (Pao2/Fio2) less than 300 mm Hg on ICU admission were included. Of these, 163 patients met the criteria defining ARDS, whereas the remaining 674 patients who had unilateral or no pulmonary opacities were classified as non-ARDS AHRF. Baseline Pao2/Fio2 ratio, thrombocytopenia, increased positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were significantly associated with the 60-day mortality in hypoxemic respiratory failure after multivariate analysis. However, ARDS was not associated with increased 60-day mortality when independent predictors for the 60-day mortality and propensity score were controlled. In the case-control study, the 60-day mortality rate was 38.6% in the ARDS group and 32.3% in the non-ARDS AHRF group. In both patients with ARDS and non-ARDS AHRF, the mortality rate increased proportionally to a lower baseline Pao2/Fio2. CONCLUSION: Lower baseline oxygenation (Pao2/Fio2) is a poor prognostic marker in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.
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Hipóxia/mortalidade , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/mortalidade , Insuficiência Respiratória/mortalidade , Idoso , Gasometria , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Hipóxia/fisiopatologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxigênio , Pressão Parcial , Respiração com Pressão Positiva , Pontuação de Propensão , Estudos Prospectivos , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The level of body mass index (BMI) that is associated with the lowest mortality in critically ill patients in Asian populations is uncertain. We aimed to examine the association of BMI with hospital mortality in critically ill patients in Korea. METHODS: We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study of 3,655 critically ill patients in 22 intensive care units (ICUs) in Korea. BMI was categorized into five groups: <18.5, 18.5 to 22.9, 23.0 to 24.9 (the reference category), 25.0 to 29.9, and ≥30.0 kg/m2. RESULTS: The median BMI was 22.6 (IQR 20.3 to 25.1). The percentages of patients with BMI<18.5, 18.5 to 22.9, 23.0 to 24.9, 25.0 to 29.9, and ≥30.0 were 12, 42.3, 19.9, 22.4, and 3.3%, respectively. The Cox-proportional hazard ratios with exact partial likelihood to handle tied failures for hospital mortality comparing the BMI categories <18.5, 18.5 to 22.9, 25.0 to 29.9, and ≥30.0 with the reference category were 1.13 (0.88 to 1.44), 1.03 (0.84 to 1.26), 0.96 (0.76 to 1.22), and 0.68 (0.43 to 1.08), respectively, with a highly significant test for trend (pâ=â0.02). CONCLUSIONS: A graded inverse association between BMI and hospital mortality with a strong significant trend was found in critically ill patients in Korea.
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Índice de Massa Corporal , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , República da Coreia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The role of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) as a prognostic factor in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is not yet fully established. We aimed to determine whether NT-pro-BNP is predictive of ICU mortality in a multicenter cohort of critically ill patients. METHODS: A total of 1440 patients admitted to 22 ICUs (medical, 14; surgical, six; multidisciplinary, two) in 15 tertiary or university-affiliated hospitals between July 2010 and January 2011 were assessed. Patient data, including NT-pro-BNP levels and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3 scores, were recorded prospectively in a web-based database. RESULTS: The median age was 64 years (range, 53-73 years), and 906 (62.9%) patients were male. The median NT-pro-BNP level was 341 pg/mL (104-1,637 pg/mL), and the median SAPS 3 score was 57 (range, 47-69). The ICU mortality rate was 18.9%, and hospital mortality was 24.5%. Hospital survivors showed significantly lower NT-pro-BNP values than nonsurvivors (245 pg/mL [range, 82-1,053 pg/mL] vs. 875 pg/mL [241-5,000 pg/mL], respectively; p < 0.001). In prediction of hospital mortality, the area under the curve (AUC) for NT-pro-BNP was 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-0.70) and SAPS 3 score was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81-0.85). AUC increment by adding NT-pro-BNP is minimal and likely no different to SAPS 3 alone. CONCLUSIONS: The NT-pro-BNP level was more elevated in nonsurvivors in a multicenter cohort of critically ill patients. However, there was little additional prognostic power when adding NT-pro-BNP to SAPS 3 score.
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Estado Terminal , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/tendências , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Admissão do Paciente/tendências , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estado Terminal/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of emergency department (ED) crowding on the implementation of tasks in the early resuscitation bundle during acute care of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, as recommended by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. METHODS: We analyzed the sepsis registry from August 2008 to March 2012 for patients presenting to an ED of a tertiary urban hospital and meeting the criteria for severe sepsis or septic shock. The ED occupancy rate, which was defined as the total number of patients in the ED divided by the total number of ED beds, was used for measuring the degree of ED crowding. It was categorized into three groups (low; intermediate; high crowding). The primary endpoint was the overall compliance with the entire resuscitation bundle. RESULTS: A total of 770 patients were enrolled. Of the eligible patients, 276 patients were assigned to the low crowding group, 250 patients to the intermediate crowding group, and 244 patients to the high crowding group (ED occupancy rate: ≤ 115; 116-149; ≥ 150%). There was significant difference in compliance rates among the three groups (31.9% in the low crowding group, 24.4% in the intermediate crowding group, and 16.4% in the high crowding group, P < 0.001). In a multivariate model, the high crowding group had a significant association with lower compliance (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.26 to 0.76; P = 0.003). When the ED occupancy rate was included as a continuous variable in the model, it had also a negative correlation with the overall compliance (OR of 10% increase of the ED occupancy rate, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.96, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: ED crowding was significantly associated with lower compliance with the entire resuscitation bundle and decreased likelihood of the timely implementation of the bundle elements.
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Aglomeração , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/organização & administração , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Ressuscitação/normas , Sepse/terapia , Choque Séptico/terapia , Idoso , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Sepse/mortalidade , Choque Séptico/mortalidadeRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate factors associated with the mortality of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the impact of a hospital rapid response system (RRS) on patient mortality in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective multicenter cohort study was done in 22 ICUs of 15 centers from July 1, 2010, to January 31, 2011. We only enrolled patients admitted to ICUs after in-hospital CPR and divided eligible patients into 2 groups-survivors and nonsurvivors. RESULTS: Among 4617 patients, 150 patients were admitted post-CPR, 76 died, and 74 survived. At 24 hours, the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, and the best Glasgow Coma Scale were significantly lower in the nonsurvivors than in the survivors. In multivariate analysis, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and presence of lower respiratory infection were both independently associated with mortality. At the first hour after admission, lowest serum potassium and highest heart rate were associated with mortality. At 24 hours after admission, lowest mean arterial pressure, HCO3 level, and venous oxygen saturation level; highest heart rate; and use of vasoactive drugs were associated with mortality. The mortality of patients in hospitals with an RRS was not significantly different from that of hospitals without an RRS. CONCLUSION: Various physiologic and laboratory parameters were associated with the mortality of post-CPR ICU admitted patients, and the presence of an RRS did not reduce mortality of these patients in our study.
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Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/mortalidade , Estado Terminal/mortalidade , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Parada Cardíaca/mortalidade , Parada Cardíaca/terapia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Biomarcadores/análise , Feminino , Equipe de Respostas Rápidas de Hospitais/organização & administração , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Although previous studies have reported etiologies, diagnostic strategies, and outcomes of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in cancer patients, few studies investigated ARF in cancer patients presenting with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of 214 consecutive cancer patients with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiography admitted to the oncology medical intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure between July 2009 and June 2011. RESULTS: After diagnostic investigations including bronchoalveolar lavage in 160 (75%) patients, transbronchial lung biopsy in 75 (35%), and surgical lung biopsy in 6 (3%), the etiologies of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates causing ARF were identified in 187 (87%) patients. The most common etiology was infection (138, 64%), followed by drug-induced pneumonitis (13, 6%) and metastasis (12, 6%). Based on the etiologic diagnoses, therapies for diffuse pulmonary infiltrates were subsequently modified in 99 (46%) patients. Diagnostic yield (46%, 62%, 85%, and 100%; P for trend < 0.001) and frequency of therapeutic modifications (14%, 37%, 52%, and 100%; P for trend < 0.001) were significantly increased with additional invasive tests. Patients with therapeutic modification had a 34% lower in-hospital mortality rate than patients without therapeutic modification (38% versus 58%, P = 0.004) and a similar difference in mortality rate was observed up to 90 days (55% versus 73%, Log-rank P = 0.004). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, therapeutic modification was still significantly associated with reduced in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR 0.509, 95% CI 0.281-0.920). CONCLUSIONS: Invasive diagnostic tests, including lung biopsy, increased diagnostic yield and caused therapeutic modification that was significantly associated with better outcomes for diffuse pulmonary infiltrates causing ARF in cancer patients.
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Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Respiratória/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Lavagem Broncoalveolar/métodos , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/microbiologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To externally validate the simplified acute physiology score 3 (SAPS3) and to customize it for use in Korean intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS: This is a prospective multicentre cohort study involving 22 ICUs from 15 centres throughout Korea. The study population comprised patients who were consecutively admitted to participating ICUs from 1 July 2010 to 31 January 2011. RESULTS: A total of 4617 patients were enrolled. ICU mortality was 14.3%, and hospital mortality was 20.6%. The patients were randomly assigned into one of two cohorts: a development (n = 2309) or validation (n = 2308) cohort. In the development cohort, the general SAPS3 had good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve = 0.829), but poor calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test H = 123.06, P < 0.001, C = 118.45, P < 0.001). The Australasia SAPS3 did not improve calibration (H = 73.53, P < 0.001, C = 70.52, P < 0.001). Customization was achieved by altering the logit of the original SAPS3 equation. The new equation for Korean ICU patients was validated in the validation cohort, and demonstrated both good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve = 0.835) and good calibration (H = 4.61, P = 0.799, C = 5.67, P = 0.684). CONCLUSIONS: General and regional Australasia SAPS3 admission scores showed poor calibration for use in Korean ICU patients, but the prognostic power of the SAPS3 was significantly improved by customization. Prediction models should be customized before being used to predict mortality in different regions of the world.
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Cuidados Críticos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Coreia (Geográfico) , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Estatísticos , Prognóstico , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate antifactor Xa (aFXa) levels after once daily dose of 40 mg of enoxaparin and to evaluate factors influencing aFXa levels among Korean intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This prospective observational study was conducted between August and December 2011 in medical ICUs at Samsung Medical Center. AFXa levels between 0.1 and 0.3 U/mL were considered to be effective for antithrombotic activity. Fifty-five patients were included. The median aFXa levels were 0.22 (IQR 0.17-0.26) at 4 hr, 0.06 (IQR 0.02-0.1) at 12 hr, and 0 U/mL (IQR 0-0.03) at 24 hr. The numbers of patients showing effective antithrombotic aFXa levels were 48 (87.3%), 18 (32.7%), and 0 (0%) at 4, 12 and 24 hr, respectively. At 12 hr, higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores and hyperbilirubinemia were significantly associated with low aFXa levels (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.93; P = 0.02 and 0.06; 0.003-0.87; 0.04, respectively). Once daily dose of 40 mg of enoxaparin is inadequate for maintaining effective antithrombotic aFXa levels, and the inadequacy is more salient for patients with high SOFA scores and hyperbilirubinemia.
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Enoxaparina/uso terapêutico , Inibidores do Fator Xa , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Tromboembolia Venosa/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Povo Asiático , Estado Terminal , Fator Xa/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperbilirrubinemia/metabolismo , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Regressão , República da Coreia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) confirmed by coronary angiography in critically ill patients clinically diagnosed with myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study involved 56 patients who were clinically diagnosed with myocardial infarction and subsequently underwent coronary angiography during their intensive care unit stay. RESULTS: Only 18 patients (32%) were finally confirmed to have CAD by coronary angiography. There were no significant differences in laboratory findings and clinical outcomes between patients with and without CAD. However, patients who developed shock (P = .009) and needed vasopressor support (P = .021) were less likely to be diagnosed with CAD. In addition, regional wall motion abnormality on echocardiography was more frequently observed in patients with CAD (P = .072). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, male sex (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.093; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.177-22.037) and focal hypokinesia on echocardiography (adjusted OR, 5.134; 95% CI, 1.071-24.614) were independently associated with CAD. However, development of shock was inversely associated with CAD (adjusted OR, 0.107; 95% CI, 0.019-0.606). CONCLUSION: Coronary angiography in critically ill patients should only be performed in highly selected patients with predicting factors for CAD.
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Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Estado Terminal , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , APACHE , Idoso , Angiografia Coronária , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study was designed to validate the usefulness of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II for predicting hospital mortality of critically ill Korean patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data on 826 patients who had been admitted to nine intensive care units and were included in the Fever and Antipyretics in Critical Illness Evaluation study cohort. RESULTS: Among the patients enrolled, 62% (512/826) were medical and 38% (314/826) were surgical patients. The median APACHE II score was 17 (11 to 23 interquartile range), and the hospital mortality rate was 19.5%. Age, underlying diseases, medical patients, mechanical ventilation, and renal replacement therapy were independently associated with hospital mortality. The calibration of APACHE II was poor (H=57.54, p<0.0001; C=55.99, p<0.0001), and the discrimination was modest [area under the receiver operating characteristic (aROC)=0.729]. Calibration was poor for both medical and surgical patients (H=63.56, p<0.0001; C=73.83, p<0.0001, and H=33.92, p<0.0001; C=33.34, p=0.0001, respectively), while discrimination was poor for medical patients (aROC=0.651) and modest for surgical patients (aROC=0.704). At the predicted risk of 50%, APACHE II had a sensitivity of 36.6% and a specificity of 87.4% for hospital mortality. CONCLUSION: For Koreans, the APACHE II exhibits poor calibration and modest discrimination for hospital mortality. Therefore, a new model is needed to accurately predict mortality in critically ill Korean patients.
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APACHE , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Estado Terminal/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Acute respiratory failure that requires invasive mechanical ventilation is a leading cause of death in critically ill cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and prognostic factors of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilator for acute respiratory failure, within 1 month of ambulatory chemotherapy for solid cancer. METHODS: A retrospective observational study of patients who underwent ambulatory chemotherapy at Samsung Medical Center, between January of 2007 and April of 2009, was employed for this study. RESULTS: A total of 51 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The median age was 65 years (25-87) and the majority of the patients were male (n = 38, 74.5%). There were 42 patients (82.3%) with lung cancer. The most common cause of acute respiratory failure was pneumonia (n = 24, 47.1%), followed by acute respiratory failure due to extra-pulmonary infection, drug-induced pneumonitis, alveolar hemorrhage, and cancer progression. The intensive care unit (ICU) mortality was 68.6% and the most common cause of death in the ICU was uncorrected cause of acute respiratory failure. Before adjustment for others factors, prechemotherapy Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Scale (PS) (P = 0.03), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (P = 0.01), and anemia (P = 0.04) were significantly associated with ICU mortality. However, when adjusted for age, sex, and Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, only poor ECOG PS (≥2) was significantly associated with ICU mortality [OR 6.36 (95% CI (1.02-39.5))]. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of patients with acute respiratory failure needing invasive mechanical ventilation during ambulatory chemotherapy for solid cancer is poor. Prechemotherapy performance status is an independent predictor of mortality.
Assuntos
Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Respiração Artificial/mortalidade , Insuficiência Respiratória/mortalidade , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Comorbidade , Feminino , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/complicações , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Pneumonia/complicações , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Pneumonia/terapia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosAssuntos
Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Hipóxia/terapia , Eosinofilia Pulmonar/complicações , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipóxia/diagnóstico , Hipóxia/etiologia , Masculino , Eosinofilia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Eosinofilia Pulmonar/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study was designed to investigate the incidence, causes, and outcomes of new-onset thrombocytopenia (NOT) in Korean intensive care units (ICUs). A prospective cohort study was conducted in medical ICUs of Samsung Medical Center between August 2010 and February 2011. All newly admitted patients were included if they stayed in the ICU for more than 48 hr and did not have thrombocytopenia upon admission. A total of 186 patients were included. NOT developed in 37.1%. Most common cause of NOT was sepsis with disseminated intravascular coagulation (66.7%), followed by drug-induced thrombocytopenia (18.8%), and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (2.9%). IgG-specific antibody to platelet factor 4/heparin was positive in 2.4% among patients treated with heparin, and thrombosis occurred in two patients. Twenty eight-day mortality was higher in patients that developed NOT compared to those that did not develop NOT (39.1% vs 12%, P < 0.001). NOT increased the odds ratio of 28-day mortality and was an independent risk factor for mortality (OR 3.52; 95% CI 1.32-9.38; P = 0.012). In conclusion, NOT is common and is an independent risk factor for mortality in Korean ICU patients. Therefore, clinicians should make every effort to correct the causes of NOT.
Assuntos
Trombocitopenia/epidemiologia , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada/complicações , Feminino , Heparina/imunologia , Hospitais , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Incidência , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fator Plaquetário 4/imunologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , República da Coreia , Fatores de Risco , Sepse/complicações , Análise de Sobrevida , Trombocitopenia/etiologia , Trombocitopenia/mortalidade , Trombose/etiologiaRESUMO
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines recommend implementing a 6-h resuscitation bundle, which has been associated with reduced mortality of patients presenting with severe sepsis or septic shock. However, this resuscitation bundle has not yet become a widely implemented treatment protocol. It is still unclear what factors are associated with the rate of compliance with the resuscitation bundle. In this study, we evaluated the potential factors associated with implementation and compliance of a 6-h resuscitation bundle in patients presenting with severe sepsis or septic shock in the emergency department. We conducted a retrospective observational study involving adult patients presenting with severe sepsis or septic shock in the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital during the period between August 2008 and July 2010. The resuscitation bundle consisted of seven interventions according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. The primary outcome measure was the rate of high compliance with the 6-h resuscitation bundle, defined as implementation of more than five of seven interventions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for the confounding factors. A total of 317 patients were enrolled into the study. One hundred seventy-two patients (54.3%) were assigned to the high compliance group, and 145 patients (45.7%) to the low compliance group. Significant factors associated with high compliance of the 6-h resuscitation bundle were hyperthermia (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.10-1.70), care from experienced nurses who had 3 or more years of clinical experience (adjusted OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.10-2.58), and care from senior residents or board-certified emergency physicians (adjusted OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.68-6.89). Factors related with lower compliance were cryptic shock (adjusted OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13-0.52) and higher serum lactate levels (adjusted OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98). Furthermore, we found several potential factors that influence compliance with the sepsis resuscitation bundle. To improve the compliance with the resuscitation bundle, interventions focusing on those factors will be needed.