Effects of house-cultivated edible bird's nest on immunoglobulin and cytokine release in vitro.

Background and Aim: Edible bird's nest (EBN) is known as the "Caviar of the East" because of its high nutritional and medicinal values. Nevertheless, its effect on human immunity is yet to be explored. This study examined the effects of EBN's aqueous extract (EBNE) on human immunity through the modular immune in vitro construct (MIMIC) model consisting of peripheral tissue equivalent (PTE) and lymphoid tissue equivalent (LTE) modules. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty mL of full blood was obtained from four healthy human volunteers. The human immune system was simulated using an in vitro model, called MIMIC. Under EBNE treatment, monocyte transendothelial migration through reversed endothelial layers was observed. Using PTE and LTE modules, monocytes were differentiated into dendritic cells with lipopolysaccharide, then co-cultured with T- and B-cells for cytokine and immunoglobulin (Ig) production. The human cytokine array G2000 and quantitative human Ig isotyping array were used to identify the cytokine profile and Ig isotypes, respectively. Results: IgE, IgA, and IgG3 levels were significantly raised by EBNE. These cytokines, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derivative neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4, were generated. Conclusion: For the first time, this work uses a MIMIC model to illustrate the impact of EBNE on human immune response. This new understanding of EBN's immunoregulatory effect allows for further exploration of how EBN interacts with the human immune system.

Epidemiological exploration of the impact of bluetooth headset usage on thyroid nodules using Shapley additive explanations method.

With an increasing prevalence of thyroid nodules globally, this study investigates the potential correlation between the use of Bluetooth headsets and the incidence of thyroid nodules, considering the cumulative effects of non-ionizing radiation (NIR) emitted by these devices. In this study, we analyzed 600 valid questionnaires from the WenJuanXing platform using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and the XGBOOST model, supplemented by SHAP analysis, to assess the risk of thyroid nodules. PSM was utilized to balance baseline characteristic differences, thereby reducing bias. The XGBOOST model was then employed to predict risk factors, with model efficacy measured by the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). SHAP analysis helped quantify and explain the impact of each feature on the prediction outcomes, identifying key risk factors. Initially, 600 valid questionnaires from the WenJuanXing platform underwent PSM processing, resulting in a matched dataset of 96 cases for modeling analysis. The AUC value of the XGBOOST model reached 0.95, demonstrating high accuracy in differentiating thyroid nodule risks. SHAP analysis revealed age and daily Bluetooth headset usage duration as the two most significant factors affecting thyroid nodule risk. Specifically, longer daily usage durations of Bluetooth headsets were strongly linked to an increased risk of developing thyroid nodules, as indicated by the SHAP analysis outcomes. Our study highlighted a significant impact relationship between prolonged Bluetooth headset use and increased thyroid nodule risk, emphasizing the importance of considering health impacts in the use of modern technology, especially for devices like Bluetooth headsets that are frequently used daily. Through precise model predictions and variable importance analysis, our research provides a scientific basis for the formulation of public health policies and personal health habit choices, suggesting that attention should be paid to the duration of Bluetooth headset use in daily life to reduce the potential risk of thyroid nodules. Future research should further investigate the biological mechanisms of this relationship and consider additional potential influencing factors to offer more comprehensive health guidance and preventive measures.

Effectiveness of herbs taken concurrently with antihypertensive drugs in managing hypertension and lipid outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Hypertension is the primary cause of mortality. Hence globally, there is a growing interest in complementing antihypertensive drugs with herbs to alleviate blood pressure among hypertensive patients. Thus, this review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of complementing drugs with herbs on blood pressure and lipid profile outcomes, the associated factors and the types of complementary herbs alongside their consumption regimes. METHODS: This review is registered in PROSPERO on the National Institute of Health Database with an ID: CRD42021270481. Using the PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study type) mnemonic formula and search strategy, we searched (January 2010 to February 2024) five electronic databases including Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL (Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection (PBSC). The inclusion criteria of the review were that all included papers had to be randomised control trials in English among hypertensive adults who complemented antihypertensive drugs with herbs. A Cochrane risk of bias assessment as well as a meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were conducted to answer the objectives. RESULTS: Twenty-five randomised controlled trials involving 1996 participants from 14 countries were included. The risk of bias among included articles was assessed and presented using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the graphs were generated. The effects of complementing antihypertensive drugs with different herb regimes on blood pressure and lipid profile outcomes were compared to those solely on antihypertensive drugs and placebo via a random model effects meta-analysis using the Revman manager. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and triglycerides gave a significant reduction in favour of the intervention group which complemented herbs. The overall pooled systolic blood pressure showed a reduction of (SMD=0.81, 95 % CI 0.14-1.47, p < 0.02, p for heterogeneity=0.00001, I2 =97 %) while triglycerides were (SMD=0.73, 95 % CI 0.17-1.28, p < 0.01, p for heterogeneity=0.00001, I2 =85 %). However, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL did not exert significant outcomes. CONCLUSION: The complemented herbs with antihypertensive drugs did show improvement in overall blood pressure management in the majority of the studies compared to the placebo group. Blood pressure and lipid profiles are the health outcomes that enable access to complementing herbs in controlling high blood pressure. Some limitations of this review are attributed to performance, detection and attrition bias in a few included articles alongside the presence of a high heterogeneity overall.

Evolution of a self-renewing, participant-centered workshop series in BMB assessment.

We present as a case study the evolution of a series of participant-centered workshops designed to meet a need in the life sciences education community-the incorporation of best practices in the assessment of student learning. Initially, the ICABL (Inclusive Community for the Assessment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/BMB Learning) project arose from a grass-roots effort to develop material for a national exam in biochemistry and molecular biology. ICABL has since evolved into a community of practice in which participants themselves-through extensive peer review and reflection-become integral stakeholders in the workshops. To examine this evolution, this case study begins with a pilot workshop supported by seed funding and thoughtful programmatic assessment, the results of which informed evidence-based changes that, in turn, led to an improved experience for the community. Using participant response data, the case study also reveals critical features for successful workshops, including participant-centered activities and the value of frequent peer review of participants' products. Furthermore, we outline a train-the-trainer model for creating a self-renewing community by bringing new perspectives and voices into an existing core leadership team. This case study, then, offers a blueprint for building a thriving, evolving community of practice that not only serves the needs of individual scientist-educators as they seek to enhance student learning, but also provides a pathway for elevating members to positions of leadership.

Nursing practice readiness improvement program tailored for newly graduated registered nurses: A quasi-experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Helping newly graduated registered nurses successfully adapt to clinical practice, evaluating work capabilities, identifying deficiencies, and continuously providing educational support to improve deficiencies are reported to be of paramount importance. OBJECTIVES: To develop a tailored nursing practice preparation improvement program for newly graduated registered nurses and assess its impact on the successful adaptation of nurses. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study. SETTINGS: The study was performed at a tertiary general hospital in South Korea. PARTICIPANT: A total of 53 newly graduated registered nurses (experimental group = 28; comparison group = 25) participated. METHODS: The newly graduated registered nurses were recruited using purposive sampling to one of two groups. The study was conducted between February and May 2022. The experimental group underwent a 4-week education program that integrated various methods, whereas the control group underwent preceptor training in their department. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey and analyzed using the chi-square test, independent t-test, and analysis of covariance with the SPSS 26.0 program. RESULTS: The nursing practice readiness improvement program tailored for newly graduated registered nurses was effective in reducing the transition shock (F = 9.18, p = 0.004) of newly graduated registered nurses and improving nursing practice readiness (F = 19.90, p < 0.001), job satisfaction (F = 4.09, p = 0.049), and retention intention (F = 6.20, p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: This study presented an evidence based approach on the use of a nursing practice readiness improvement program for the successful adaptation of newly graduated registered nurses and the establishment of a nurse education system.

Internet analytics of an innovative digital educational resource of type 1 diabetes HelloType1 in local languages for people living with diabetes families and healthcare professionals in Southeast Asia.

BACKGROUND: There is minimal data of health outcomes for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in Southeast Asia (SEA) where government funding of insulin and blood glucose monitoring either do not exist or is limited. The full impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the national economies of SEA remain unknown. In the midst of the pandemic, in 2021, HelloType1 was developed by Action4Diabetes (A4D), a non-government organisation charity in collaboration with Southeast Asia local healthcare professionals as an innovative digital educational resource platform of T1D in local languages. HelloType1 was launched in Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia in 2021 to 2022 with Memorandums of Understandings (MOUs) signed between A4D and each country. Internet data analytics were undertaken between the 1st of January 2022 to 31st of December 2022. AIMS: The aims of this study were to explore the usability and internet data analytics of the HelloType1 online educational platform within each country. METHODS: The data analytics were extracted Google analytics that tracks data from the website hellotype1.com and Facebook analytics associated with the website. RESULTS: There was a 147% increase in the number of HelloType1 users between the first 6 months versus the latter 6 months in 2022 and a 15% increase in the number of pages visited were noted. The majority of traffic source were coming from organic searches with a significant increase of 80% growth in 2022. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the analytics provide important insights on how an innovative diabetes digital educational resource in local languages may be optimally delivered in low-middle income countries with limited resources.

In silico protein interaction screening uncovers DONSON's role in replication initiation.

CDC45-MCM2-7-GINS (CMG) helicase assembly is the central event in eukaryotic replication initiation. In yeast, a multi-subunit "pre-loading complex" (pre-LC) accompanies GINS to chromatin-bound MCM2-7, leading to CMG formation. Here, we report that DONSON, a metazoan protein mutated in microcephalic primordial dwarfism, is required for CMG assembly in vertebrates. Using AlphaFold to screen for protein-protein interactions followed by experimental validation, we show that DONSON scaffolds a vertebrate pre-LC containing GINS, TOPBP1, and DNA pol ε. Our evidence suggests that DONSON docks the pre-LC onto MCM2-7, delivering GINS to its binding site in CMG. A patient-derived DONSON mutation compromises CMG assembly and recapitulates microcephalic dwarfism in mice. These results unify our understanding of eukaryotic replication initiation, implicate defective CMG assembly in microcephalic dwarfism, and illustrate how in silico protein-protein interaction screening accelerates mechanistic discovery.

Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention among university students: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia.

Vaccination is crucial in controlling the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that triggered the pandemic, but herd immunity can only work with high vaccination coverage in the population. This study aims to measure the COVID-19 knowledge level and determine the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention among university students in Malaysia. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out with 1,274 Malaysian university students in July 2021. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to examine the relationships between the study variables. Results showed that the majority of university students had an acceptable level of knowledge of COVID-19. The knowledge, risk perception of COVID-19, social norms, and perceived benefit of COVID-19 vaccination were positively associated with vaccination intention. However, perceived trust in information sources of COVID-19 vaccination and the government's response to COVID-19 did not affect the university students' desire to receive the vaccination. These findings are essential for health policymakers and healthcare providers to implement evidence-based interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake among university students.

Maslinic acid exerts anticancer effects by targeting cancer hallmarks.

BACKGROUND: Natural products have long been regarded as a source of anticancer compounds with low toxicity. Evidence revealed that maslinic acid (MA), a widely distributed pentacyclic triterpene in common foodstuffs, exhibited pronounced inhibitory effects against various cancer cell lines. Most cancer cells thrive by acquiring cancer hallmarks, as coined by Hanahan and Weinberg in 2000 and 2011. PURPOSE: This represents the first systematic review concerning the anticancer properties of MA as these cancer hallmarks are targeted. It aims to summarize the antineoplastic activities of MA, discuss the diverse mechanisms of action based on the effects of MA exerted on each hallmark. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the search terms "maslinic," "cancer," "tumor," and "neoplasm," to retrieve articles from the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus published up to September 2022. Study selection was conducted by three reviewers independently from title and abstract screening until full-text evaluation. Data extraction was done by one reviewer and counterchecked by the second reviewer. RESULTS: Of the 330 articles assessed, 40 papers met the inclusion criteria and revealed that MA inhibited 16 different cancer cell types. MA impacted every cancer hallmark by targeting multiple pathways. CONCLUSION: This review provides insights regarding the inhibitory effects of MA against various cancers and its remarkable biological properties as a pleiotropic bioactive compound, which encourage further investigations.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Body Constitutions as Predictors for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Traditional Chinese medicine body constitution (TCMBC) reflects a person's vulnerability to diseases. Thus, identifying body constitutions prone to depression can help prevent and treat depression. The review aimed to assess and summarize the existing evidence that explores the relationship between TCMBC and depression. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, MEDLINE, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, SinoMed, Embase, VIP, CINAHL, and CMJ were searched from inception to April 2021. Observational studies assessing the association between TCMBC and depression were selected. The quality of the included studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Eighteen studies were included in the systematic review and thirteen in the meta-analysis. The pooled odd ratios of developing depression for Qi-stagnation, Qi-deficiency, Yang-deficiency, Yin-deficiency, and Balanced constitutions were 3.12 (95% CI, 1.80-5.40; I2 = 94%), 2.15 (95% CI, 1.54-3.01; I2 = 89%), 1.89 (95% CI, 0.71-5.03; I2 = 81%), 1.41 (95% CI, 0.91-2.20; I2 = 57%), and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.40-0.90; I2 = 94%), respectively. The findings suggest that the evaluation of a person's TCMBC could be useful the in prevention and treatment of depression. However, more case-control and cohort studies are required to further confirm the association between TCMBC and depression.

Molecular Pathways Involved in LRRK2-Linked Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases affecting the ageing population, with a prevalence that has doubled over the last 30 years. As the mechanism of the disease is not fully elucidated, the current treatments are unable to effectively prevent neurodegeneration. Studies have found that mutations in Leucine-rich-repeat-kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, aberrant (higher) LRRK2 kinase activity has an influence in idiopathic PD as well. Hence, the aim of this review is to categorize and synthesize current information related to LRRK2-linked PD and present the factors associated with LRRK2 that can be targeted therapeutically. A systematic review was conducted using the databases PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, SAGE, and Cochrane (January 2016 to July 2021). Search terms included "Parkinson's disease", "mechanism", "LRRK2", and synonyms in various combinations. The search yielded a total of 988 abstracts for initial review, 80 of which met the inclusion criteria. Here, we emphasize molecular mechanisms revealed in recent in vivo and in vitro studies. By consolidating the recent updates in the field of LRRK2-linked PD, researchers can further evaluate targets for therapeutic application.

Generating transcriptional regulatory networks from time-ordered stem cell differentiation RNA sequencing data.

We describe steps to 1) identify ascending and descending monotonic key genes from time-ordered stem cell differentiation expression data, 2) construct time-ordered transcriptional regulatory networks, and 3) infer the involvement of transcription factors along the differentiation process. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wong et al. (2020).

2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ) regulates cancer key genes of MAPK, PI3K, and NF-κB pathways in Raji cells.

2-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ) has been shown to cause cytotoxic towards various cancer cell lines. This study is designed to investigate the regulatory effect of MNQ on the key cancer genes in mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and nuclear factor κB signaling pathways. The expression levels of the genes were compared at different time point using polymerase chain reaction arrays and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed to identify gene networks that are most significant to key cancer genes. A total of 43 differentially expressed genes were identified with 21 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated genes. Up-regulated genes were involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and act as tumor suppressor while down-regulated genes were involved in anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell cycle and act as transcription factor as well as proto-oncogenes. MNQ exhibited multiple regulatory effects on the cancer key genes that targeting at cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell transformation, apoptosis, reduce inflammatory responses, inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis.

Protective Effects of Alternanthera sessilis Ethanolic Extract against TNF-α or H2O2-Induced Endothelial Activation in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells.

Activation of the endothelium has been shown to contribute to the early stage of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. In endothelial activation, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased expression of cell adhesion molecules cause an increase in vascular permeability. Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. is an edible traditional herbal plant, which has previously been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of A. sessilis on the activation of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of A. sessilis on endothelial permeability, vascular cell adhesion-1 (VCAM-1) expression, production of ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. The viability of HAECs was first determined using the MTT viability assay. The effect of A. sessilis on endothelial permeability was examined using the FITC-dextran permeability assay. Besides, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done to assess soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) expression. The production of ROS and H2O2 was studied using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2-DCFDA) and Amplex Red fluorescent dyes, respectively. SOD and CAT activities were also measured using commercial kits. Our results showed that 25-200 µg/mL of A. sessilis ethanolic extract did not cause significant death in HAECs. A. sessilis at 200 µg/mL significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced hyperpermeability of HAECs. However, A. sessilis did not reduce increased VCAM-1 expression induced by TNF-α. A. sessilis also significantly reduced TNF-α-induced increased ROS production, but not H2O2 production. Furthermore, 100 µM of H2O2 decreased both SOD and CAT activities in HAECs at 2 h. A. sessilis ethanolic extract dramatically increased both reduced SOD and CAT activities caused by H2O2. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of A. sessilis ethanolic extract demonstrated the presence of arachidonic acid, azadirachtin, astaxanthin, flavanole base + 3O, 2Prenyl, and vicenin 2, while the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the extract contains 1,3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one, 3-deoxy-d-mannoic lactone, 4-pyrrolidinobenzaldehyde, and n-hexadecanoic acid. In conclusion, our findings suggest that A. sessilis ethanolic extract protects against endothelial hyperpermeability and oxidative stress elicited by pro-inflammatory or prooxidant stimulus. This study reveals a therapeutic potential of A. sessilis in preventing endothelial activation, which is a key event in early atherosclerosis.

Isolation of exosome from the culture medium of Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) C666-1 cells using inertial based Microfluidic channel.

Isolation of exosome from culture medium in an effective way is desired for a less time consuming, cost saving technology in running the diagnostic test on cancer. In this study, we aim to develop an inertial microfluidic channel to separate the nano-size exosome from C666-1 cell culture medium as a selective sample. Simulation was carried out to obtain the optimum flow rate for determining the dimension of the channels for the exosome separation from the medium. The optimal dimension was then brought forward for the actual microfluidic channel fabrication, which consisted of the stages of mask printing, SU8 mould fabrication and ended with PDMS microchannel curing process. The prototype was then used to verify the optimum flow rate with polystyrene particles for its capabilities in actual task on particle separation as a control outcome. Next, the microchip was employed to separate the selected samples, exosome from the culture medium and compared the outcome from the conventional exosome extraction kit to study the level of effectiveness of the prototype. The exosome outcome from both the prototype and extraction kits were characterized through zetasizer, western blot and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microfluidic chip designed in this study obtained a successful separation of exosome from the culture medium. Besides, the extra benefit from this microfluidic channels in particle separation brought an evenly distributed exosome upon collection while the exosomes separated through extraction kit was found clustered together. Therefore, this work has shown the microfluidic channel is suitable for continuous separation of exosome from the culture medium for a clinical study in the future.

Artificial intelligence in perioperative medicine: a narrative review / 대한마취과학회지

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have enabled the development of accurate prediction models using clinical big data. AI models for perioperative risk stratification, intraoperative event prediction, biosignal analyses, and intensive care medicine have been developed in the field of perioperative medicine. Some of these models have been validated using external datasets and randomized controlled trials. Once these models are implemented in electronic health record systems or software medical devices, they could help anesthesiologists improve clinical outcomes by accurately predicting complications and suggesting optimal treatment strategies in real-time. This review provides an overview of the AI techniques used in perioperative medicine and a summary of the studies that have been published using these techniques. Understanding these techniques will aid in their appropriate application in clinical practice.

Characterization and ex vivo evaluation of curcumin nanoethosomes for melanoma treatment.

This study aimed at developing curcumin nanoethosomes (Cur-Ets) with superior skin permeation intended for melanoma treatment. Although curcumin is active against many types of skin cancers, a suitable topical formulation is still lacking due to its hydrophobicity and poor skin permeation. The formulation was characterized using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ATR-FTIR, DSC and XRD. In vitro skin permeation was carried out using human skin, and the cytotoxicity of the formulation was evaluated on human melanoma cells (SK-MEL28). The vesicle size and zeta potential of the Cur-Ets were determined as 67 ± 1.6 nm and -87.3 ± 3.3 mV, respectively. STEM and AFM analysis further support the size and morphology of the formulation. Curcumin's compatibility with formulation additives was confirmed by ATR-FTIR analysis. In addition, DSC and XRD analyses showed successful drug encapsulation in nanoethosomes. The drug encapsulation efficiency was determined as 87 ± 0.9%. The skin permeation of curcumin from Cur-Ets showed a superior flux (0.14 ± 0.03 µg cm-2 h-1) compared to the control (p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity of the formulation demonstrated a time-dependent and concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity against melanoma cells. The developed Cur-Ets is suggested as a promising topical formulation for melanoma treatment.