Suporte social como estratégia de enfrentamento da família de crianças e adolescentes com câncer / Social support as a coping strategy for the family of children and adolescents with cancer

Descrever como as redes de suporte social auxiliam a família no enfrentamento do câncer infantojuvenil. Estudo qualitativo, fundamentado no referencial conceitual Suporte Social, com familiares de crianças e adolescentes com câncer, atendidos em ambulatório de oncologia pediátrica de um hospital público em um município do Mato Grosso do Sul. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, áudio-gravada, submetida à Análise de Conteúdo. As redes de suporte social que auxiliam a família são caracterizadas pelos vínculos criados a partir da experiência de adoecimento da criança, evidenciados pelo relacionamento interpessoal entre os membros da família, equipe de saúde e com outras famílias que vivem situações similares; pela espiritualidade e pelas informações recebidas. Ao identificar a importância das redes para as famílias evidencia-se a importância do fortalecimento de práticas de cuidado em que a família é protagonista do cuidado.

To describe how social support networks help the family in coping with childhood cancer. A qualitative study, based on the Social conceptual framework, with family members of children and adolescents with cancer, treated at a pediatric oncology outpatient clinic of a public hospital in a municipality in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. A semi-structured, audio-recorded interview with enhanced Content Analysis was conducted. The social support networks that help the family are characterized by the bonds created from the child's illness experience, evidenced by the interpersonal relationships between family members, the health team and other families living in similar situations; by spirituality and the information received. When identifying the importance of networks for families, it is highlighted the importance of strengthening care practices in which the family is the protagonist of care.

Occurrence, characterization, partition, and toxicity of cigarette butts in a highly urbanized coastal area.

Cigarette butts (CBs) comprise one of the most relevant categories of marine litter worldwide. This study was structured as a case study simultaneously assessing (i) the occurrence of CBs in a highly urbanized coastal area, (ii) their partitioning in two environmental compartments (water column and sediments) by laboratory settling tests, and (iii) the toxicity produced by the CBs leachates (measured as copepod reproduction). Marine litter was sampled in beaches of the city of Santos (SW Brazil) and CBs were collected for analysis. The characterization showed that CBs were one of the most prevalent items (51.5% in summer and 34.4% in winter) and 22 cigarettes brands were identified at different stages of decomposition. Laboratory settling tests showed that CBs remain in the water column between 3 and 20 days, subsequently reaching the sediments. The toxicity results indicated that CBs the leachates extracted from a small amount of CBs was sufficient to affect copepod reproduction (0.1 and 0.01 CBs L-1). Furthermore, the approaches adopted by the present study can serve as a preliminary assessment to estimate local impacts resulting from inadequate disposal of cigarette butts in coastal areas around the world.

Is there a protocol in experimental skin wounds in rats using low-level diode laser therapy (LLDLT) combining or not red and infrared wavelengths? Systematic review.

A systematic review addressing experiments with healing of skin wounds in rats using LLDLT with different active means seeking to identify a pattern in adjustments such as laser wavelength, power and fluency and analysing wound healing parameters, such as wound area, presence of fibroblasts, angiogenesis, leukocyte infiltration, epithelial coverage and antibacterial effect. It was perceived that a protocol does not exist in view of the wide variation in the use of power (9 to 500 mW) and fluency (1 to 60 J/cm2); however, between the different wavelengths, the highlight was the combined use of red and infrared wavelengths showing better results than when used alone.

Avaliação do sucesso da terapia periodontal não cirúrgica. Follow up de período curto / Evaluation of the success of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Short time follow-up

Objetivo: Avaliar o sucesso do tratamento periodontal não cirúrgico após 6 meses da conclusão da terapia periodontal. Materiais e Métodos: um total de 11 indivíduos foi selecionado com base em critérios previamente estabelecidos de modo a assegurara consistência dos resultados. Os exames supragengivais e subgengivais consideraram o índice de placa visível (IPV); o índice de sangramento gengival (ISG); a profundidade de sondagem(PS), o nível clínico de inserção (NIC) e sangramento a sondagem (SS) obtidos no início e no final do tratamento. Os dados foram agrupados em faces livres (vestibular e lingual) e faces proximais (mesial e distal), sendo comparados os resultadosdos exames iniciais com os exames finais, realizados no estudo. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram: o teste T de Studente o teste Qui-Quadrado, ambos para uma significância de5%. Resultados: verificou-se que os pacientes apresentaram redução de todos os parâmetros clínicos analisados, confirmado pela média dos indicadores IPV, ISG, SS, PS e NIC dos pacientes tratados. Conclusão: foi observado melhora nos indicadores de saúde periodontal, após três meses da terapia periodontal não cirúrgica, isentando os pacientes do desconforto pós-cirúrgico e sem afetar o sistema imunológico dos mesmos, através de antibióticoterapia.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the success of nonsurgical periodontal treatment after 6 months of completion of periodontal therapy. Material and Methods: A total of 11 individuals was selected based on criteria established in advance in order to ensure consistency of results. Tests supragingival and subgingival considered the visible plaque index (VPI), the gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (NIC), obtained at the beginning and end of treatment. The data were grouped into free faces (facial and lingual) and proximal surfaces (mesial and distal) and compared the resultsof initial tests with the final exams in the study. Statistical tests used were Student's t test and chi-square test, both for a 5% significance. Results: we found that patients showed a reduction in all clinical parameters were analyzed and confirmed by theaverage indicators of IPV, SS, PS and NIC of patients treated by exempting them from the post-surgical discomfort and without affecting the immune system of individuals. Conclusion: There was improvement in indicators of periodontal health, after thee valuation of six months of nonsurgical periodontal therapy, freeing patients from the discomfort after surgery and without affecting the immune system of the same.

Avaliação da função hepática de ratas da linhagem Lewis frente à ingestão de álcool associada a periodontia induzida por ligadura / Evaluation of liver function in wistarfemale Lewis ahead of alcohol associated with ligature-induced periodontitis

Objetivo: o presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a função hepática frente à ingestão de álcool associado com a periodontite induzida por ligadura em ratas Lewis. Materiais e Métodos: os 24 animais foram divididos nos grupos: álcool+ligadura-GA (n=8), ligadura-GL (n=8) e controle negativo -GCN (n=8). Para a análise dos resultados foram adotados os parâmetros bioquímicos – aspartato aminotransferase (ASTTGO) e transaminase glutâmica pirúvica (ALTTGP). Os animais foram submetidos à ingestão de solução alcoólica a 20%, ao longo de um período de 60 dias. Para o procedimento de indução da doença periodontal, os animais do GA e GL receberam anestesia geral. Resultados: os resultados do trabalho demonstraram ausência de diferença estatística (p>0,05) para as variáveis ASTTGO e ALTTGP paras os grupos GA, GL e GCN. Conclusão: conclui-se que a ingestão de álcool na dosagem praticada, associado à periodontite induzida por ligadura não modificou os exames de bioquímica ASTTGO e ALTTGP em ratas Lewis.

Objective: This study aims to assess liver function before the intake of alcohol associated with ligature-induced periodontitis in rats Lewis. Materials and Methods: These 24 animals were divided into two groups: alcohol + GA-ligation (n = 8), ligation-GL (n = 8) and negative control-GCN (n = 8). For the analysis of the results were used biochemical parameters – aspartate aminotransferase (AST AST) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT TGP). The animals were submitted to the ingestion of alcoholic solution at 20% over a period of 60 days. For the induction of periodontal disease, animals in the GL and GA general anesthesia. Results: The results demonstrated no statistical difference (p> 0.05) for the variables AST AST and ALT TGP paras the GA, GL and GCN. Conclusion: We conclude that alcohol intake at a dose practiced, associated with ligature-induced periodontitis did not modify the biochemical tests AST AST and ALT TGP Lewis in rats.

Seleção de dentes artificiais: uma revisão histórica / Artificial teeth selection: a historical review

O presente artigo é uma revisão de literatuta referente à evolução da utilização de dentes artificiais para a reabilitação de edentados totais. Nesse intento, procurou-se reunir as propostas que foram utilizadas ao longo dos tempos, na busca da racionalização dos métodos para a escolha dos dentes das próteses, direcionando nossa preocupação à orientação dessa seleção, enfocando aspectos tais como cor, tamanho, largura de seis dentes anteriores em curva, forma e material empregado, na perspectiva de levar os cirurgiões-dentistas à identificação dos fatores a ela relacionados e de, com isso, utilizalos em sua prática clínica. Além disso, aborda-se ainda um pequeno histórico que diz respeito ao surgimento dos dentes artificiais na sociedade e no mercado odontológico.

Gray matter N-acetyl aspartate deficits in secondary progressive but not relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spectroscopic examination of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has revealed abnormally low N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) signal intensity, even in brain tissue that appears normal on high-resolution structural MR images but has yielded inconclusive evidence to distinguish the well-documented clinical differences between MS subtypes. This study used proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and high-resolution MR imaging to characterize metabolite profiles in normal-appearing brain tissue of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and secondary progressive (SP) MS. METHODS: Volumetric spiral MRSI was used together with high-resolution MR imaging to derive absolute measures of metabolite concentrations separately in normal-appearing supratentorial cerebral gray matter and white matter in five RRMS patients, five SPMS patients, and nine age-matched controls. Structural MR images were segmented into compartments of gray matter, white matter, CSF, and lesions, and metabolite signals per unit of tissue volume were calculated for gray matter and white matter separately. RESULTS: Only the SPMS group had significantly lower NAA concentrations in normal-appearing gray matter compared with concentrations in controls. NAA in normal-appearing white matter was equally reduced in RRMS and SPMS patients. The functional relevance of this brain metabolite measure was suggested by the observed but statistically nonsignificant correlation between higher disability scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale and lower gray matter NAA concentrations. CONCLUSION: The otherwise occult abnormality in supratentorial gray matter in SPMS but not RRMS may explain the more severe physical and cognitive impairments afflicting patients with SPMS that do not correlate well with visible lesion burden.