Pulp chamber temperature rise in light-cure bonding of brackets with and without primer, in intact versus restored teeth.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pulp chamber temperature rise (PCTR) in light-cure bonding of brackets with and without primer, in intact and restored mandibular central incisors (M1), maxillary first premolars (Mx4), and mandibular third molars (M8). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety human teeth were included: M1 (n=30), Mx4 (n=30), and M8 (n=30). Light-cure bonding of brackets was performed in intact (n=60) and restored (n=30) teeth, with primer (n=60) or without (n=30) primer. PCTR was defined as the difference between initial (T0) and peak temperatures (T1), recorded with a thermocouple during light-cure bonding. Differences on PCTR between bonding techniques (primer vs. no primer), teeth types (M1 vs. Mx4 vs. M8), and teeth condition (intact vs. restored) were estimated by ANCOVA, with α=5%.Results: PCTR was significantly higher with the use of primer (2.05 ± 0.08oC) than without primer (1.65 ± 0.14oC) (p=0.02), and in M1 (2.23 ± 0.22oC) compared to Mx4 (1.56 ± 0.14oC) (p<0.01). There was no difference in the PCTR in M8 (1.77 ± 0.28oC) compared to M1 or Mx4 (p>0.05), and no difference between intact (1.78 ± 0.14oC) and restored (1.92 ± 0.08oC) teeth (p=0.38). There was no influence of dentin enamel thickness in the PCTR (p=0.19). CONCLUSION: PCTR was higher in light-cure bonding of brackets with primer, especially in M1. Light-cure bonding seems less invasive without primer.

The Hyrax appliance with tooth anchorage variations in surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion: a finite element analysis.

PURPOSE: It is known that a correct transverse maxillary dimension is a key factor for a stable occlusion, which brings functional and esthetic benefits for the patient. In patients presenting maxillary atresia and the completion of bone growth, a highly recommended option for correction is the surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) associated with the Hyrax appliance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of tooth anchorage variations of the Hyrax appliance in SARME through finite element analysis, evaluating which anchorage option might be associated with more effective orthopedic results with less undesired side effects. METHODS: Five different dental anchoring conditions for the Hyrax appliance were simulated through FE analysis applying premolars and molars as anchorage, having the same force applied by the activation of the Hyrax screw (0.5 mm) in all groups. The maxillary displacement results (axes X, Y, and Z) and generated stresses for both teeth and maxillary bone were calculated and represented using a color scale. RESULTS: All groups presented significant bone displacement and stress concentration on anchoring teeth, with the group presenting anchorage in the 1st and 2nd molars showing the greatest maxillary horizontal displacement (axis X) and suggesting the lowest tendency of dental vestibular inclination. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in dental anchorage might substantially affect the maxillary bone and teeth displacement outcome. The protocol for the Hyrax apparatus in SARME applying the 1st and 2nd molars as anchorage might generate less tilting and inclination of the anchoring teeth.

Pulp chamber temperature rise in light-cure bonding of brackets with and without primer, in intact versus restored teeth

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the pulp chamber temperature rise (PCTR) in light-cure bonding of brackets with and without primer, in intact and restored mandibular central incisors (M1), maxillary first premolars (Mx4), and mandibular third molars (M8). Material and Methods: Ninety human teeth were included: M1 (n=30), Mx4 (n=30), and M8 (n=30). Light-cure bonding of brackets was performed in intact (n=60) and restored (n=30) teeth, with primer (n=60) or without (n=30) primer. PCTR was defined as the difference between initial (T0) and peak temperatures (T1), recorded with a thermocouple during light-cure bonding. Differences on PCTR between bonding techniques (primer vs. no primer), teeth types (M1 vs. Mx4 vs. M8), and teeth condition (intact vs. restored) were estimated by ANCOVA, with α=5%. Results: PCTR was significantly higher with the use of primer (2.05 ± 0.08oC) than without primer (1.65 ± 0.14oC) (p=0.02), and in M1 (2.23 ± 0.22oC) compared to Mx4 (1.56 ± 0.14oC) (p<0.01). There was no difference in the PCTR in M8 (1.77 ± 0.28oC) compared to M1 or Mx4 (p>0.05), and no difference between intact (1.78 ± 0.14oC) and restored (1.92 ± 0.08oC) teeth (p=0.38). There was no influence of dentin enamel thickness in the PCTR (p=0.19). Conclusion: PCTR was higher in light-cure bonding of brackets with primer, especially in M1. Light-cure bonding seems less invasive without primer.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o aumento na temperatura da câmara pulpar (ATCP) na colagem de braquetes com fotoativação usando ou não primer, em dentes hígidos versus dentes restaurados, em incisivos centrais inferiores (ICI), primeiros pré-molares superiores (1PMS) e terceiros molares inferiores (3MI). Métodos: Foram incluídos noventa dentes humanos: ICI (n=30), 1PMS (n=30) e 3MI (n=30). A colagem de braquetes com fotoativação foi realizada em dentes hígidos (n=60) ou dentes restaurados (n=30), com primer (n=60) ou sem (n=30) primer. O ATCP foi definido como a diferença entre as temperaturas inicial (T0) e máxima (T1) registradas com um termômetro durante a colagem com fotoativação. As diferenças no ATCP entre as técnicas de colagem (com primer vs. sem primer), diferentes dentes (ICIvs.1PMSvs.3MI) e condição dos dentes (hígidos vs. restaurados) foram estimadas por ANCOVA, com α=5%. Resultados: O ATCP foi significativamente maior com o uso de primer (2,05 ± 0,08oC) do que sem primer (1,65 ± 0,14oC) (p=0,02), e no ICI (2,23 ± 0,22oC) do que no 1PMS (1,56 ± 0,14oC) (p<0,01). Não houve diferença no ATCP do 3MI (1,77 ± 0,28oC) em comparação com ICI ou 1PMS (p>0,05), e não houve diferença entre dentes hígidos (1,78 ± 0,14oC) e restaurados (1,92 ± 0,08oC) (p=0,38). Não houve influência da espessura da dentina e do esmalte no ATCP (p=0,19). Conclusão: O ATCP foi maior na colagem de braquetes com fotoativação usando primer, principalmente no ICI. A colagem com fotoativação parece ser menos invasiva sem primer.

Evaluation of Electromyographic Activity of Masticatory Muscles in Adults with Posterior Crossbite.

Introduction: There is evidence that patients with posterior crossbite (PXB) have neuromuscular changes in the masticatory muscles. However, up to the present time, the relationship among these changes on the electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles is still unclear. Objective: To systematic review the available literature on the electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in adults with PXB. Methods: Between August 22 and September 9, 2020, we searched the following seven electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SciELO, LILACS, and Scopus. No restrictions were applied regarding the language and year of publication. This systematic review was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO - CRD42020205057) database and conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. After data selection and extraction, the methodological quality of the selected studies was conducted independently by two reviewers, using two different evaluation tools. Results: 6957 records were initially located after the search process. In the end, eight papers were selected. Most studies were classified as having average to low methodological quality and moderate to high risk of bias. Based on the available evidence, adult patients with PXB have electromyographic activity changes in the masticatory muscles when compared with individuals without PXB. Moreover, adult patients with unilateral posterior crossbite (UPXB) have asymmetrical electromyographic activity when the crossbite side is compared with the noncrossbite side. Conclusion: Despite the lack of studies with high methodological quality, electromyographic evaluation of masticatory muscles should be considered in the diagnosis and in the orthodontic treatment plan of patients with PXB. Prospective studies with a higher sample size and follow-up time, conducted using a rigorous scientific methodology, are necessary to reach a more reliable conclusion.

Oral health-related quality of life in women with temporomandibular joint disk anterior displacement before and after disk repositioning and anchoring surgery assessed with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14).

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess and compare oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in women with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disk displacement without reduction, before disk repositioning and anchoring surgery, in short-term follow-up, in different age groups, and with use of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). STUDY DESIGN: Fifty women ages between 17 and 60 years were divided into 4 age groups: 17-27, 28-38, 39-49, and 50-60 years. All the patients were asked to answer the OHIP-14 form before surgery and during their short-term follow-up. Seven domains of OHRQOL were rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). Domains' scores and total OHIP-14 were compared between times by using Student's t test in the whole sample and in the 4 age groups. RESULTS: Both the whole sample and the age groups (17-27, 28-38, 39-49 years) showed a statistically significant decrease in all scores (P < .01). The age group 50-60 years showed a decrease in scores significant only in functional limitation (P = .05) CONCLUSIONS: TMJ disk anterior displacement had a negative impact on women's OHRQOL because of physical pain, physical disability, and psychological discomfort. TMJ disk repositioning and anchoring surgery improved overall OHRQOL in patients between 17 and 49 years of age; however, in patients between 50 and 60 years of age, there was improvement only in physical pain.

Color changes of esthetic elastomeric ligatures evaluated with the Commission Internationale d'Éclairage color system.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess and compare color changes in esthetic elastomeric ligatures after 30 days in situ using a spectrophotometer and the Commission Internationale d'Éclairage (CIE) color system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample comprised elastomeric ligatures of four color groups (n = 42): blue pearl (BP); colorless; white pearl (WP); and pearl. Four samples from each group were allocated in for quadrants of seven patients in a split-mouth model. Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer in the elastomeric ligatures as received (T0) and after 30 days in situ (T1). Variables L*, a*, and b* were compared between times (T1-T0) with Wilcoxon paired ranks; color changes were compared between groups with Kruskal-Wallis test; Dunn's test was used for multiple comparisons. Spearman's correlation was applied between CIELAB and CIEDE2000 calculations. RESULTS: All groups showed color changes (T1-T0) in a* and b*, but only the Group BP had a change in L* (P < 0.01). Group C showed the greatest lightness decrease (ΔL = -2.49 ± 0.47) (P < 0.05), the smallest yellowing (Δb = 3.17 ± 0.88) (P < 0.05), and the smallest total color change (ΔE2000 = 3.19 ± 0.85), which had no statistical difference from Group WP (ΔE2000 = 3.36 ± 0.53). Correlation between ΔEab and ΔE2000 was moderate (r = 0.59; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Esthetic elastomeric ligatures became yellowish after 30 days in situ, and there were color differences between them.

Effect of surface treatment of prefabricated teeth on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

OBJECTIVE:: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effects of grinding, drilling, sandblasting, and ageing prefabricated teeth (PfT) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets, as well as the effects of surface treatments on the adhesive remnant index (ARI). METHODS:: One-hundred-ninety-two PfT were divided into four groups (n = 48): Group 1, no surface treatment was done; Group 2, grinding was performed with a cylindrical diamond bur; Group 3, two drillings were done with a spherical diamond bur; Group 4, sandblasting was performed with 50-µm aluminum oxide. Before the experiment, half of the samples stayed immersed in distilled water at 37oC for 90 days. Brackets were bonded with Transbond XT and shear strength tests were carried out using a universal testing machine. SBS were compared by surface treatment and by ageing with two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test. ARI scores were compared between surface treatments with Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test. RESULTS:: Surface treatments on PfT enhanced SBS of brackets (p< 0.01), result not observed with ageing (p= 0.45). Groups II, III, and IV showed higher SBS and greater ARI than the Group 1 (p< 0.05). SBS was greater in the groups 3 and 4 (drilling, sandblasting) than in the Group 2 (grinding) (p< 0.05). SBS and ARI showed a positive correlation (Spearman's R2= 0.57; p< 0.05). CONCLUSION:: Surface treatment on PfT enhanced SBS of brackets, however ageing did not show any relevance. Sandblasting and drilling showed greater SBS than grinding. There was a positive correlation between SBS and ARI.

Temperature Rises in the Pulp Chamber with Different Techniques of Orthodontic Adhesive Removal.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the temperature rises in the pulp chamber and time spent with different techniques for orthodontic resin adhesive removal. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Adhesive removal was performed in 20 extracted human maxillary second premolars with five techniques: high-speed tungsten carbide burs with water-cooling (BurH-cool) and without cooling (BurH), low-speed carbide burs (BurL), low-speed aluminum-oxide discs (DiscL), and low-speed fiberglass burs (BurFGL). Pulp chamber temperature was measured with a thermocouple probe and time spent was recorded with a digital stopwatch. Comparisons of temperature rise and time between the techniques were performed with Analysis of variance and Tukey's Honestly test. Correlation between variables was investigated with Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Temperature rise and time were statistically different between techniques and showed a positive correlation between them (r=0.826) (P<0.01). BurH-cool provoked the lowest temperature rise and BurFGL the highest (P<0.01). Temperature rises were higher with DiscL than with BurH and BurL (P<0.01), which showed no statistical differences between them (P>0.05). The fastest technique was BurH-cool followed by BurL, BurH, DiscL and BurFGL (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: BurH-cool, BurH and BurL are safe adhesive removal techniques, whereas DiscL and BurFGL may damage pulp tissues. Time spent on adhesive removal has direct effect on temperature rise in the pulp chamber.

Effect of surface treatment of prefabricated teeth on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effects of grinding, drilling, sandblasting, and ageing prefabricated teeth (PfT) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets, as well as the effects of surface treatments on the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Methods: One-hundred-ninety-two PfT were divided into four groups (n = 48): Group 1, no surface treatment was done; Group 2, grinding was performed with a cylindrical diamond bur; Group 3, two drillings were done with a spherical diamond bur; Group 4, sandblasting was performed with 50-µm aluminum oxide. Before the experiment, half of the samples stayed immersed in distilled water at 37oC for 90 days. Brackets were bonded with Transbond XT and shear strength tests were carried out using a universal testing machine. SBS were compared by surface treatment and by ageing with two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test. ARI scores were compared between surface treatments with Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test. Results: Surface treatments on PfT enhanced SBS of brackets (p< 0.01), result not observed with ageing (p= 0.45). Groups II, III, and IV showed higher SBS and greater ARI than the Group 1 (p< 0.05). SBS was greater in the groups 3 and 4 (drilling, sandblasting) than in the Group 2 (grinding) (p< 0.05). SBS and ARI showed a positive correlation (Spearman's R2= 0.57; p< 0.05). Conclusion: Surface treatment on PfT enhanced SBS of brackets, however ageing did not show any relevance. Sandblasting and drilling showed greater SBS than grinding. There was a positive correlation between SBS and ARI.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo desse estudo in vitro foi avaliar e comparar os efeitos de desgastes, perfurações, jateamento e envelhecimento de dentes pré-fabricados (Dpf) na resistência ao cisalhamento (RC) de braquetes ortodônticos, bem como os efeitos dos tratamentos de superfície no índice de adesivo remanescente (ARI). Métodos: 192 Dpf foram divididos em quatro grupos (n = 48): Grupo 1, sem tratamento; Grupo 2, desgaste de sulcos com broca diamantada cilíndrica; Grupo 3, duas perfurações com broca diamantada esférica; e Grupo 4, jateamento com partículas de óxido de alumínio de 50µm. Antes do experimento, metade das amostras ficou imersa em água destilada a 37oC durante 90 dias. Os braquetes foram colados com Transbond XT e os testes de cisalhamento foram realizados com uma máquina universal de ensaios. A RC foi comparada, por tratamento de superfície e por envelhecimento, utilizando-se análise de variância e teste de Tukey. Os escores ARI foram comparados entre os tratamentos de superfície usando o teste Kruskal-Wallis e o teste de Dunn. Resultados: os tratamentos de superfície aumentaram a RC dos braquetes (p < 0,01) e o envelhecimento não aumentou a RC (p = 0,45). Os Grupos 2, 3 e 4 mostraram maior RC e maior ARI do que o Grupo 1 (p < 0,05). A RC foi maior nos Grupos 3 e 4 (perfuração, jateamento) do que no Grupo 2 (desgaste) (p < 0,05). RC e ARI apresentaram correlação positiva (R2 = 0,57; p < 0,05). Conclusão: o tratamento de superfície dos Dpf aumentou a RC dos braquetes; porém, o envelhecimento não foi relevante. O jateamento e a perfuração mostraram maior RC do que o desgaste. Existe uma correlação positiva entre RC e ARI.

Crown and Root Lengths of Impacted Maxillary Central Incisors and Contralateral Teeth Evaluated with Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Objective: To assess and compare the crown and root lengths of impacted maxillary central incisors with contralateral teeth, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: Sample comprised twenty-six patients (15 males, 11 females), ranging from seven to 14 years old, with unilateral impaction of maxillary central incisors. Landmarks demarcation was performed (I) at the root apex, (II) at the incisal edge, and (III) at the midpoint between the buccal and lingual cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Linear measures were taken alongside teeth long axis, with the aid of the software tools. Crown length was considered the distance between the incisal edge and CEJ; and root length was the distance between CEJ and the root apex. Crown and root length measures were obtained in cone beam computed tomography images using the In Vivo® Software. Measurements were compared between the impacted maxillary central incisors and contralateral teeth using paired t-test. Results: Crown and root lengths were statistically shorter (0.56 mm and 3.22 mm, respectively) in the impacted maxillary central incisors when compared to their contralateral teeth (p<0.001). This trend with regard the root length was observed in 25 out of 26 subjects, as well as in 21 subjects with regard the crown length. Conclusion: Decision-making process on the treatment plan for impacted maxillary central incisors must consider that these teeth have in average the crown lengths five per cent shorter and the root lengths 25 per cent shorter than their contralateral teeth.

Eruption rates of lower second premolars at different development stages evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the eruption rates of lower second premolars (LPm2) at different developmental stages using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospectively, 31 individuals (9.77 ± 1.25 years) had their LPm2 scored according to the Demirjian method, and afterwards they were split into three groups according to developmental stage, as follows: D = complete-formed crowns; E = root length less than crown height; and F = root length greater than or equal to crown height. Linear distances from the LPm2 crown tip to the anatomical reference line (ARL) and to the occlusal plane line (OPL) were measured in paired CBCT scans (T1, T2), taken with an average interval of 8.6 months between them. Eruption rates (mm/y) were calculated and then compared between groups. RESULTS: Eruption rates were greater for LPm2 at stage F than at stages D or E (P < .01) regardless of whether they were measured from the ARL (D = 2.84 mm/y; E = 2.55 mm/y; F = 5.38 mm/y) or from the OPL (D = 1.82 mm/y; E = 2.02 mm/y; F = 5.26 mm/y). Eruption rates evaluated from the ARL and the OPL had no statistically significant differences (P = .052), and a positive correlation (r = .79, P < .001) between them was observed. CONCLUSIONS: LPm2 at Demirjian stage F showed greater eruption rates than at stages D or E, regardless of whether rates were measured from the ARL or the OPL. Faster eruption is expected for LPm2 at stage F. Evaluation of the LPm2's developmental stage using CBCT can aid in clinical decision making regarding the correct timing for intervention.

Analysis of the Influence of Food Colorings in Esthetic Orthodontic Elastomeric Ligatures.

PROPOSITION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the color changes of esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures of different shades when exposed to four food colorings commonly found in the diet of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures in the colors pearl, pearl blue, pearl white and colorless, which were immersed for 72 hours in five different solutions: distilled water (control group), coffee, tea, Coca-Cola ® and wine. The color changes of the esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures were measured with the aid of a spectrophotometer, at T1 - as provided by the manufacturer; and T2 - after colorings process. RESULTS: The results indicated that the esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures of all initial hues are susceptible to pigmentation. Among the evaluated colors, all changed the finished look and the color of the samples tested. In ascending order, the color of the samples was as follows: distilled water, Coca-Cola®, black tea, wine and coffee. CONCLUSION: The substances that have a greater potential for pigmentation in esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures were black tea, wine and coffee, respectively. All shades of esthetic orthodontic elastomeric ligatures are susceptible to color change.

Dental and skeletal effects of combined headgear used alone or in association with rapid maxillary expansion.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of combined headgear used alone or in association with rapid maxillary expansion, as the first step for Class II malocclusion treatment. METHODS: The sample comprised 61 patients divided into three groups: Group 1, combined headgear (CH); Group 2, CH + rapid maxillary expansion (CH + RME); and Group 3, control (CG). In Group 1, patients were treated with combined headgear until Class I molar relationship was achieved. In Group 2, the protocol for headgear was the same; however, patients were previously subject to rapid maxillary expansion. RESULTS: Results showed distal displacement of maxillary molars for both experimental groups (p < 0.001), with distal tipping only in Group 1 (CH) (p < 0.001). There was restriction of forward maxillary growth in Group 2 (CH + RME) (p < 0.05) and clockwise rotation of the maxilla in Group 1 (CH) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on the results, it is possible to suggest that treatment with both protocols was efficient; however, results were more significant for Group 2 (CH + RME) with less side effects.

Dental and skeletal effects of combined headgear used alone or in association with rapid maxillary expansion

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of combined headgear used alone or in association with rapid maxillary expansion, as the first step for Class II malocclusion treatment.Methods:The sample comprised 61 patients divided into three groups: Group 1, combined headgear (CH); Group 2, CH + rapid maxillary expansion (CH + RME); and Group 3, control (CG). In Group 1, patients were treated with combined headgear until Class I molar relationship was achieved. In Group 2, the protocol for headgear was the same; however, patients were previously subject to rapid maxillary expansion.Results:Results showed distal displacement of maxillary molars for both experimental groups (p < 0.001), with distal tipping only in Group 1 (CH) (p < 0.001). There was restriction of forward maxillary growth in Group 2 (CH + RME) (p < 0.05) and clockwise rotation of the maxilla in Group 1 (CH) (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results, it is possible to suggest that treatment with both protocols was efficient; however, results were more significant for Group 2 (CH + RME) with less side effects.

Objetivos: a finalidade do presente estudo foi verificar os efeitos do aparelho extrabucal de tração combinada, associado ou não à expansão rápida da maxila, como primeiro passo do tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II.Métodos: a amostra consistiu de 61 indivíduos divididos em três grupos: Grupo 1 = extrabucal de tração combinada (TC); Grupo 2 = tração combinada + expansão rápida da maxila (TC +ERM); Grupo 3 = controle (GC). No Grupo 1 os indivíduos foram tratados com extrabucal de tração combinada até a relação molar ficar em Classe I. No Grupo 2, o protocolo foi o mesmo, entretanto, os indivíduos receberam, previamente, expansão maxilar rápida.Resultados: os resultados mostraram deslocamento distal dos molares superiores em ambos os grupos experimentais (p < 0,001), com inclinação distal somente no Grupo 1 (TC) (p < 0,001). Houve restrição de crescimento anterior da maxila no Grupo 2 (TC + ERM) (p < 0,5) e rotação horária da maxila no Grupo 1 (TC) (p< 0,5).Conclusão:baseado nos resultados, é possível concluir que o tratamento com ambos os protocolos foi eficiente; entretanto, os resultados foram mais significativos para o Grupo 2 (TC + ERM), e com menos efeitos colaterais.

Orthodontic treatment of a mandibular incisor fenestration resulting from a broken retainer.

This article describes the orthodontic relapse with mandibular incisor fenestration in a 36-year-old man who had undergone orthodontic treatment 21 years previously. The patient reported that his mandibular 3 × 3 bonded retainer had been partially debonded and broken 4 years earlier. The mandibular left lateral incisor remained bonded to the retainer and received the entire load of the incisors; consequently, there was extreme labial movement of the root, resulting in dental avulsion. As part of the treatment, the root was repositioned lingually using a titanium-molybdenum segmented archwire for 8 months, followed by endodontic treatment, an apicoectomy, and 4 months of alignment and leveling of both arches. The treatment outcomes were excellent, and the tooth remained stable, with good integrity of the mesial, distal, and lingual alveolar bones and periodontal ligament. The 1-year follow-up showed good stability of the results.

Transdisciplinary treatment of Class III malocclusion using conventional implant-supported anchorage: 10-year posttreatment follow-up.

INTRODUCTION: Combined treatment offers advantages for partially edentulous patients. Conventional implants, used as orthodontic anchorage, enable previous orthodontic movement, which provides appropriate space gain for crown insertion. OBJECTIVE: This case report describes the treatment of a 61-year and 10-month-old patient with negative overjet which made ideal prosthetic rehabilitation impossible, thereby hindering dental and facial esthetics. CASE REPORT: After a diagnostic setup, conventional implants were placed in the upper arch to anchor intrusion and retract anterior teeth. Space gain for lateral incisors was achieved in the lower arch by means of an orthodontic appliance. CONCLUSIONS: Integrated planning combining Orthodontics and Implantology provided successful treatment by means of conventional implant-supported anchorage. The resulting occlusal relationship proved stable after 10 years.

Transdisciplinary treatment of Class III malocclusion using conventional implant-supported anchorage: 10-year posttreatment follow-up

INTRODUCTION: Combined treatment offers advantages for partially edentulous patients. Conventional implants, used as orthodontic anchorage, enable previous orthodontic movement, which provides appropriate space gain for crown insertion. OBJECTIVE: This case report describes the treatment of a 61-year and 10-month-old patient with negative overjet which made ideal prosthetic rehabilitation impossible, thereby hindering dental and facial esthetics. CASE REPORT: After a diagnostic setup, conventional implants were placed in the upper arch to anchor intrusion and retract anterior teeth. Space gain for lateral incisors was achieved in the lower arch by means of an orthodontic appliance. CONCLUSIONS: Integrated planning combining Orthodontics and Implantology provided successful treatment by means of conventional implant-supported anchorage. The resulting occlusal relationship proved stable after 10 years. .

INTRODUÇÃO: tratamentos combinados podem oferecer vantagens em casos de edentulismo parcial. O uso de implantes convencionais como ancoragem ortodôntica permite a movimentação ortodôntica prévia, fornecendo os espaços apropriados para inserção das coroas. OBJETIVO: este relato de caso descreve o tratamento de uma paciente, com 61 anos e 10 meses de idade, que possuía um overjet negativo que tornava impossível uma reabilitação protética ideal, comprometendo a estética dentária e facial. RELATO DO CASO: após um setup diagnóstico, os implantes convencionais foram colocados na mandíbula para ancorar a intrusão e retração dos dentes anteriores. Espaços para os incisivos laterais foram abertos na maxila, usando-se aparelho ortodôntico. CONCLUSÕES: o planejamento integrado entre Ortodontia e Implantodontia propiciou um tratamento bem-sucedido, usando implantes convencionais como ancoragem. A relação oclusal obtida apresenta estabilidade 10 anos pós-tratamento. .

Change in the pulp chamber temperature with different stripping techniques.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the change in pulp chamber temperature during the stripping technique. METHODS: Seventy-eight proximal surfaces of 39 extracted human teeth were stripped by two techniques: double-sided perforated stripping disk (PSD) and handheld stripper (HS). The teeth were divided into three groups: incisors (group 1), premolars (2), and molars (3). A J type thermocouple was inserted into the pulp chamber for temperature evaluation during the stripping procedure. RESULTS: Temperature rise was observed in all groups. The average temperature increase for the incisors was 2.58°C (±0.27°C) with PSD and 1.24°C (±0.3°C) with HS; for the premolars, 2.64°C (±0.29°C) with PSD and 0.96°C (±0.39°C) with HS; and for the molars, 2.48°C (±0.38°C) with PSD and 0.92°C (±0.18°C) with HS. There was significant difference (p<0.001) in pulp temperature variation among the stripping techniques evaluated. Greater variations in the temperature were observed for the stripping technique with PSD for all groups (3.1°C in incisors and premolars, 3.2°C in molars). Stripping performed with HS had minor differences in pulp temperature (1.7°C in incisors, 1.9°C in premolars, and 1.2°C in molars) than those in PSD group. However, the temperature variation was less than the critical threshold (5.5°C) in all groups. The results for teeth group comparison showed no significant difference in the temperature variation. CONCLUSIONS: The stripping technique with PSD produced significant increase in pulp temperature, with no differences between the types of teeth. However, it may not be clinically relevant, and both stripping techniques can be used safely.

Sagittal changes in lower incisors by the use of lingual arch.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate a sagittal variation on the lower incisors with the use of the lingual arch on the transition from mixed to permanent dentition. METHODS: The sample was constituted of 44 Caucasian patients (26 girls and 18 boys), divided in two groups: CG, control group, monitoring the lower arch space with no orthodontic/orthopedic treatment during the rated period (n = 14); EG, experimental group, presenting anterior inferior mild crowding and installation of the lingual arch for space maintenance (n = 30). The position of the lower incisors was analyzed on computerized cephalometric tracings performed at the beginning of the monitoring (T1) and at the end, on the permanent dentition (T2). In order to evaluate the position of the incisors it was used Tweed and Steiner measurements: IMPA, 1.NB and 1-NB. The alterations were analyzed through the "t" test for paired samples, while the differences between the groups were analyzed through the "t" test for independent samples, as for sexual dimorphism. RESULTS: The values in T2 were greater in relation to T1 for all measurements on EG (IMPA, p = 0.038; 1.NB, p = 0.007 and 1-NB, p < 0.0001). On comparing the differences (T2-T1) between CG and EG, it can be gauged differences significantly superior for measure 1.NB (p = 0.002) and 1-NB (p < 0.0001) on EG. There was no statistically significant difference between genres. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the lower incisors were projected after using the lingual arch to control the space on the transition from mixed to permanent dentition, however, within acceptable standards, not having difference between genres.