Growth and production of cowpea beans under potassium doses in soil of cerrado in Amapá, Brazil.

The cowpea bean [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], a legume of great socioeconomic importance, it was previously cultivated exclusively for subsistence and commercial purposes, especially in the North and Northeast regions. This crop has a low production cost and high nutritional value, in addition to a high potential for productivity growth and expansion to other regions. The objective of this work was to evaluate parameters of growth and production in cowpea culture, as a function of potassium fertilization in soil of the cerrado of Amapá. The parameters of growth and production of the cowpea culture were evaluated, as a function of potassium fertilization in the soil of the cerrado of Amapá. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized experimental design, with four replications, in a 5x2 factorial scheme, totaling 40 experimental units, which were composed of plastic pots containing 7 dm3 of soil collected from the arable layer (0-20 cm ) of a typical Hyperdystrophic Yellow Argisol, with a sandy clay loam texture, in a cerrado area in the municipality of Porto Grande-AP. The factors consisted of the control treatment (without K), four doses of K (45, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1) in the form of potassium chloride, and two cowpea cultivars (Pretinho and BRS Tumucumaque). The cultivar BRS Tumucumaque shows better growth and production of cowpea plants. Doses of 90 kg ha-1 provided greater height (98.75 cm) and stem diameter (10.0 mm). As for production, the dose of 135 kg ha-1 caused greater grain weight gain (5.25 g) and dry mass of pods (13.92 g), and the doses of 90 and 180 kg ha-1 induced greater number and length of pods (3.16 pods) respectively. These results show better responsiveness of the BRS Tumucumaque cultivar at doses of 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1 in the type of soil where the study was conducted.

Resistance profile and biofilm production of Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus sp., and Streptococcus spp. from dairy farms in southern Brazil.

Milk is a high nutritional value food that helps in human development and growth. However, it can also harbor microorganisms. Therefore, the objective of this study was to isolate, identify and evaluate the resistance profile and pathogenicity factors of gram-positive cocci isolated from liners in milking rooms in the south of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Biochemical and molecular tests were performed for the identification. The following were isolated: Enterococcus faecalis (10), Enterococcus faecium (4), Staphylococcus intermedius (1), Streptococcus uberis (1), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1). The susceptibility of isolated microorganisms to eight antibiotics was evaluated according to CLSI, and the genus that proved to be resistant to most of those was Enterococcus. In addition, all 17 isolates were able to form biofilm, which remained viable after the use of neutral, alkaline and alkaline-chlorinated detergent. The only product that was effective against biofilm of all microorganisms was chlorhexidine 2%. The results obtained highlight the importance of pre- and post-dipping tests on dairy properties, in which chlorhexidine is one of the disinfectants used. As observed, products indicated for cleaning and descaling pipes were not effective on biofilms of the different species tested.

Spatial-temporal analysis of hospitalizations with death caused by oral cancer in Brazil and its correlation with the expansion of healthcare coverage.

BACKGROUND: Oral cancer (OC) is a growing public health problem worldwide. In Brazil, the National Oral Health Policy, implemented in 2004, expanded access to oral health services and prioritized OC care. However, it is not known whether this expansion resulted in a reduction in hospital admissions with death. This study aimed to analyze the proportion of hospital admissions who progressed to death due to OC in Brazil from 2007 to 2019 and its correlation with the coverage of health services. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is an ecological, longitudinal, and analytical study of hospital admissions with death due to OC recorded in the Brazilian Hospital Information System. The following analyses were performed: descriptive, spatial (choropleth maps and Moran index), and negative binomial regression, with a hierarchical approach, estimating crude and adjusted regression coefficients (ß) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) (alpha=5%). RESULTS: In 2019, Moran's index (I) of spatial autocorrelation showed a negative association between hospital admissions with death and dentist surgeon/inhabitant rate (I=-0.176), physician/inhabitant rate (I=-0.157), family health strategy (FHS) coverage (I=-0.080), oral health team (OHT) coverage (I= -0.129), dental specialty centers (DSC)/inhabitant rate (I= -0.200), and oncology bed/inhabitant rate (I= -0.101). In the adjusted regression analysis, the proportion of hospitalizations with deaths caused by OC was higher in Brazilian states with a lower medical ̸inhabitant ratio (ß= -0.014; p=0.040), a lower dentists/inhabitant ratio (ß= -0.720; p=0.045), a lower number of DSC (ß= -0.004; p<0.000), a lower amount paid per hospitalization (ß= -10.350; p<0.001), and a lower number of biopsies (ß= -0.00008; p=0.010). The proportion of hospitalizations that progressed to death showed a positive association with the number of days of hospitalization (ß= 0.00002; p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Increased health care coverage has decreased serious hospital admissions with deaths caused by OC in Brazil.

Carcass and meat quality of young Angus steers with different growth potential finished exclusively grass-fed or corn supplemented.

Beef cattle production has a large variety of systems with different performance and technology levels. This study compared young Angus steers carcass and meat quality traits of high growth potential early-finished animals fed exclusively on pasture with low growth potential late-finished animals. Besides the grazed forage, the low growth potential group received corn grain at 0.8% of their body weight right after the slaughtering of the first group. Following weaning, the 20 steers grazed pastures composed of oat, ryegrass, and clovers. At winter's onset, animals were moved to native pastures improved with fescue and clovers. The supplemented period of late steers began when the first group of ten early-finished animals reached the requirements for slaughter. Supplementation ended when the animals got the slaughter requirements. The high growth potential steers showed a ribeye area (P < 0.0001) and a Longissimus muscle width highly significantly (P < 0.0001) superior to the low growth group. However, corn-supplemented animals showed better dressing percentage (P < 0.0001), subcutaneous fat thickness (P < 0.0001), marbling (P < 0.0001), and muscle (P = 0.0033) scores, but lower shear force (P = 0.0001). The finishing system did impact fat lightness (L*; P = 0.0234) at the slaughter time. Grass-fed animals showed higher red-green color parameter (a*) values than corn supplemented on fat at 24 h (P = 0.0439) but lower hue angle (P = 0.0418). The consumer panel showed better results for tenderness and general acceptability for supplemented animals beef compared to grass-fed. The supplementation resulted in a higher carcass standardization. It also provided higher PUFA: MUFA and n-6: n-3 ratios, and a higher amount of n-3. Supplemental corn grain did not have adverse effects upon the beneficial effects to human health of the grass-fed beef.

Omega-3 effects on electrocorticographic patterns of adult Wistar rats exposed to ionizing radiation.

This study aimed to assess the effect of supplementation with omega-3 in Wistar rats exposed to ionizing radiation in a dose of 18 Gy on the cortical electrical activity, using mathematical methods such as the power spectrum (PS) and the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) in the evaluation of the electrocorticogram (ECoG) record. The PS analysis showed that in non-irradiated animals but supplemented with omega-3 there was a decrease in the power of the beta rhythm, while the DFA applied to different frequency ranges of the ECoG showed a significant increase in the long-range correlation only for the theta wave when compared with non-supplemented animals. In the evaluation of the radiation effect through the PS, an increase in the power of the theta rhythm was observed in both groups (non-supplemented and supplemented animals) only when they were evaluated one week after irradiation. The DFA method also showed difference in this wave. The PS and DFA methods applied to the ECoG record allowed a quantitative analysis of the cortical electrical activity in rats in response to the omega-3 effects, ionizing radiation, or both.

Is There an Exercise-Intensity Threshold Capable of Avoiding the Leaky Gut?

Endurance-sport athletes have a high incidence of gastrointestinal disorders, compromising performance and impacting overall health status. An increase in several proinflammatory cytokines and proteins (LPS, I-FABP, IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α, IFN-γ, C-reactive protein) has been observed in ultramarathoners and triathlon athletes. One of the most common effects of this type of physical activity is the increase in intestinal permeability, known as leaky gut. The intestinal mucosa's degradation can be identified and analyzed by a series of molecular biomarkers, including the lactulose/rhamnose ratio, occludin and claudin (tight junctions), lipopolysaccharides, and I-FABP. Identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of leaky gut by physical exercise can assist in the determination of safe exercise thresholds for the preservation of the gastrointestinal tract. It was recently shown that 60 min of vigorous endurance training at 70% of the maximum work capacity led to the characteristic responses of leaky gut. It is believed that other factors may contribute to this effect, such as altitude, environmental temperature, fluid restriction, age and trainability. On the other hand, moderate physical training and dietary interventions such as probiotics and prebiotics can improve intestinal health and gut microbiota composition. This review seeks to discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in the intestinal mucosa's adaptation and response to exercise and discuss the role of the intestinal microbiota in mitigating these effects.

Integrative approach to a patient following rumenotomy - case report / [Abordagem integrativa ao paciente submetido à ruminotomia - relato de caso]

Concern with antimicrobial resistance in animal production systems increases the interest toward integrative therapies. The objective of the present report was to report an integrative approach to a goat undergoing rumenotomy. A goat with ruminal acidosis underwent rumenotomy, corrective rumen suture, moxibustion, and treatment of the surgical wound (TFO) with sugar. In the first twenty days, acupuncture was performed on ST36, indirect moxibustion on Sp6 and CV8, and TFO with antibiotic ointment and sugar. The wound contracted 2cm, there was gradual return of ruminal dynamics, and moderate pain. Acupuncture continued from D21 to D50 on Yin tang, BL13, BL20, BL23, and BL22. Although there was drainage of ruminal fluid, the wound contracted 4cm during this period, pain was absent, and ruminal dynamics normal. During the last thirty days, the acupuncture technique surround the dragon was used and BL13 point needled, with complete closure of the wound. The TFO from D21 was performed solely with sugar. During treatment, there was modulation of the inflammatory response, with formation of granulation tissue and neovascularization. On D84, fibrinogen was 100mg/dL. The authors conclude that the use of sugar, acupuncture, and moxibustion contributed to return of normal ruminal motility, wound contraction, and complete tissue reepithelization.(AU)

A preocupação com a resistência antimicrobiana nos sistemas de produção animal aumenta o interesse pelas terapias integrativas. Objetiva-se relatar a abordagem integrativa ao paciente caprino submetido à ruminotomia. Uma cabra com acidose ruminal foi submetida à ruminotomia, ruminorrafia, moxabustão, acupuntura e tratamento da ferida operatória (TFO) com açúcar. Nos primeiros vinte dias realizou-se acupuntura em ST36, moxa indireta em Sp6 e CV8, TFO com pomada antibiótica e açúcar. A ferida contraiu 2cm, houve retorno gradual da dinâmica ruminal e dor moderada. A acupuntura continuou de D21 a D50 em Yin tang, BL13, BL20, BL23 e BL22. Apesar da ferida drenar fluido ruminal teve contração de 4cm nesse período, ausência de dor e retorno fisiológico da dinâmica ruminal. Nos últimos trinta dias foi realizada a técnica de acupuntura cercar o dragão e punturou-se o ponto BL13, com fechamento completo da ferida. O TFO a partir do D21 foi realizado somente com açúcar. Durante tratamento houve modulação da resposta inflamatória com formação de tecido de granulação e neoangiogênesse, o D84 revelou fibrinogênio 100mg/dL. Conclui-se que a utilização do açúcar, acupuntura e moxabustão contribuíram para o retorno fisiológico da motilidade ruminal, contração da ferida e completa reepitelização tecidual.(AU)

Ultrastructural effects of diabetes in the right atrium cardiomyocytes of elderly Wistar rats

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of diabetes on quantitative parameters of right atrial cardiomyocytes of elderly rats. Wistar rats (14-mo of age) were divided into two groups: streptozotocin-diabetic rats (DG); and control rats (CG). The groups were sacrificed at 16 months. Ultrafine sections of the right atrium were analyzed by electron microscopy. In elderly diabetic animals, histograms of the frequency distribution of natriuretic peptides according to their size showed increased number of small and medium peptides in relation to large peptides, which increased its numerical density leading to a decrease in the mean diameter of both natriuretic peptides. However, elderly diabetic animals remained normotensive. No significant difference was observed between the groups for the volume density of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. In conclusion, elderly diabetic rats showed increased functional activity of atrial cardiomyocytes with greater production of natriuretic peptides in association with a quantitative maintenance of cytoplasmic components. (AU)

Heritability and genotype-environment interactions for growth curve parameters in meat-type quail fed different threonine:lysine ratios from hatching to 21 d of age.

The aim of the present study was to estimate heritabilities and evaluate the existence of genotype-environment interactions for growth curve parameters in quail fed diets containing different threonine:lysine ratios. A total of 4,441 body weight information from two genetic quail groups (LF1 and LF2) fed diets containing 0.66%, 0.71%, 0.76%, 0.81%, and 0.86% threonine:lysine ratios from hatching to 21 d of age were evaluated. From 22 to 35 d of age, quail received a single diet. The Gompertz model was used to estimate growth curve parameters. Genetic analyses were performed using random regression models, by Legendre polynomials of the second kind, considering homogeneity of residual variances. The following characteristics were evaluated: asymptotic weight, asymptotic growth rate, and inflection point. Increases in threonine:lysine ratios promoted higher heritability estimates for these variables in the LF1 genetic group compared to LF2, which indicates that the additive genetic variation was modified due to the environmental variation influenced by the evaluated amino acid ratios, with differences between both genetic groups. Thus, it is recommended that quail be selected in the 0.86% ratio in genetic group LF1 and 0.66% in genetic group LF2, where greater heritabilities were observed. Dispersion of individual breeding values along the environmental gradient was observed for all evaluated characteristics, in both genetic groups, suggesting the existence of genotype-environment interactions for these variables. The evaluated amino acid ratios should be considered in quail breeding programs, since breeding value predictions for a determined threonine:lysine ratio are not valid for other ratios.

A New Species of Dichelacera (Dichelacera) Macquart (Diptera, Tabanidae) from the Brazilian Savannah.

A new species of Dichelacera (Tabanidae, Diptera) is described, based on females from Arraias, state of Tocantins, Brazil. Diagnosis, discussion, and illustrations of external and internal characters are provided. In addition, we provide unpublished photographs of Dichelacera callosa Lutz for comparison.

In vitro anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities of extracts of Persea willdenovii Kosterm (Lauraceae).

This study describes the effects of extracts and fractions of Persea willdenovii leaves against goat gastrointestinal nematodes and their cytotoxicity on Vero cells. The in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities of the crude ethanolic, hexane, ethyl acetate (EAE), butanolic and residual hydroethanolic extracts were assessed through the inhibition of egg hatching and larval motility assays. The most active extract (EAE) was then fractionated by chromatography in an open column containing silica gel, to furnish six fractions (Fr1-Fr6), which were also tested. The cytotoxicity of active extracts and fractions was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and trypan blue exclusion assay. The EAE and two fractions (Fr1 and Fr2) showed inhibitory activity in the egg hatching of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in a concentration-dependent manner. The effective concentrations for 50% inhibition (EC50) of egg hatching were 2.3, 0.12 and 2.94 mg/ml for EAE, Fr1 and Fr2, respectively. All extracts and fractions were not effective in inhibiting 50% of motility of infective larvae. EAE and Fr2 had IC50 values (50% inhibitory concentration) of 4.95 and 2.66 mg/ml, respectively. Fr1 showed a slight cytotoxic effect (cellular inviability <30%) only after 48 h of treatment (MTT test). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed the presence of six fatty acid ethyl esters, a fatty acid methyl ester and a long-chain ketone in the most active fraction. These constituents identified in P. willdenovii can be related to the high ovicidal activity and relatively non-toxic effect of the extracts.

Psittacara leucophthalmus (Aves: Psittacidae) como um novo hospedeiro de Paratanaisia bragai (Trematoda: Eucotylidae) no Brasil: achados clínicos e patológicos: relato de caso / Psittacara leucophthalmus as a new host of Paratanaisia bragai (Trematoda: Eucotylidae) in Brazil: clinical and pathological findings: case report

Paratanaisia bragai é um trematódeo que parasita rins e ureteres de aves domésticas e selvagens. Apesar de considerado pouco patogênico pode levar a complicações clínicas e morte em infecções severas. No presente estudo, um caso de parasitismo fatal em maritaca (Psittacara leucophthalmus) por P. bragai é relatado. A ave, oriunda da área urbana do município de Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil, teve manifestações clínicas de apatia, desidratação, dispneia e veio a óbito. Na necropsia foram observados rins aumentados de volume, pálidos, com superfície irregular e nodulações esbranquiçadas. Ao corte verificaram-se parasitos nos rins, que foram processados para montagem de lâminas permanentes e identificados segundo técnica de rotina como P. bragai. No exame histopatológico dos rins foram constatados infiltrado inflamatório linfoplasmocítico multifocal moderado, dilatação de túbulos e focos de regeneração tubular, associados a fibrose intersticial moderada no córtex renal. Na medula renal havia infiltrado de macrófagos, heterófilos, eosinófilos e células gigantes multinucleadas associado a parasitos em ductos coletores dilatados. O parasitismo de P. leucophthalmus por P. bragai é relatado pela primeira vez. A importância de se considerar este parasito entre as possibilidades diagnósticas em aves com insuficiência renal é brevemente discutida.(AU)

Paratanaisia bragai is a trematode parasite of the kidneys and ureters of poultry and wild birds. Despite its low pathogenicity, this parasite can lead to several clinical complications and death in heavy infections. In the present study, a fatal case of parasitism by P. bragai in a specimen of the White-eyed Parakeet, Psittacara leucophthalmus, is reported. The bird, coming from the urban area of the county of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, was clinically evaluated and revealed apathy, dehydration, dyspnea, and death. The gross findings were pale and enlarged kidneys, which also had irregular surface with whitish nodulations. Parasites were observed on cutting surface of the renal parenchyma. They were processed for assembly of permanent slides and identified as P. bragai according to routine technique. The histologic findings were mild multifocal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, tubular dilatation and foci of tubular regeneration related to mild interstitial fibrosis in the renal cortex, and infiltration of macrophages, heterophils, eosinophils and multinucleated giant cells associated with metazoan parasites in the collecting ducts in renal medulla. The parasitism of P. leucophthalmus by P. bragai is reported for the first time. The importance of considering this parasite among the diagnostic possibilities in birds with renal insufficiency is briefly discussed.(AU)

Estimação de valores genéticos para codornas europeias em função dos níveis da relação treonina: lisina da dieta: do nascimento aos 21 dias de idade / Estimation of breeding values for European quails in function of threonine: lysine ratios of diet: from birth to 21 days of age

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a sensibilidade dos valores genéticos dos pesos corporais e as características de carcaças de codornas europeias às mudanças do gradiente ambiental (níveis da relação treonina com a lisina das dietas), do nascimento aos 21 dias de idade, por meio de modelos de regressão aleatória com diferentes classes de variância residual. Os dados utilizados neste estudo são provenientes de 915 codornas de corte da linhagem LF1 e 839 da linhagem LF2, pertencentes ao Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Foram avaliados os pesos corporais e os rendimentos da carcaça das aves. As sensibilidades dos valores genéticos às mudanças nos níveis da relação treonina:lisina (interação genótipo x ambiente) foram obtidas por modelos de regressão aleatória (utilizando normas de reação) por meio do programa Wombat, que utiliza o princípio da máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML). O modelo de regressão aleatória que considerou duas classes de variância residual foi o mais indicado para a maioria das análises realizadas. Verificaram-se alterações na classificação dos valores genéticos para as duas linhagens de codornas de corte estudadas. Esse comportamento indica sensibilidade de valores genéticos aditivos às mudanças nutricionais, o que caracteriza a existência de interação genótipo x ambiente. A predição dos valores genéticos deve ser feita com o mesmo nível da relação treonina:lisina da dieta com a qual as codornas serão alimentadas no sistema de produção.(AU)

This research was carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of breeding values of body weight and carcass traits in two lines of European quails (LF1 and LF2) to changes in the environment gradient (levels of threonine: lysine ratio of diets) from hatch to 21 days of age in two lines LF1 and LF2 using Random Regression Models with different classes of residual variance. Records are from 915 quails of line LF1 and 839 of line LF2 belonging to the Breeding Improvement Program of Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Live body weight and weights and yields of carcass, breast, and thigh and drumstick were measured. The sensitivities of breeding values to changes in threonine: lysine ratios (genotype x environment interaction) of diets were obtained by random regression models (reaction model) using the WOMBAT program using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood principle. Model considering two classes of residual variance showed the best goodness of fit. The Reaction Norms analyses indicated changes in the ranking of breeding values for both lines suggesting quails selected in one level of threonine: lysine ratio will not express all their genetic potential if fed different threonine: lysine ratio diets. This behavior indicates sensitivity of breeding values to changes in the nutrition characterizing the genotype by environment interaction. The prediction of breeding values must be performed using the same level of threonine: lysine ratio in diet the quails will be fed in the production system.(AU)

Sensitivity of breeding values for carcass traits of meat-type quail to changes in dietary (methionine + cystine):lysine ratio using reaction norm models.

Our objective was to evaluate changes in breeding values for carcass traits of two meat-type quail (Coturnix coturnix) strains (LF1 and LF2) to changes in the dietary (methionine + cystine):lysine ([Met + Cys]:Lys) ratio due to genotype by environment (G × E) interaction via reaction norm. A total of 7000 records of carcass weight and yield were used for analyses. During the initial phase (from hatching to day 21), five diets with increasing (Met + Cys):Lys ratios (0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76 and 0.81), containing 26.1% crude protein and 2900 kcal ME/kg, were evaluated. Analyses were performed using random regression models that included linear functions of sex (fixed effect) and breeding value (random effect) for carcass weight and yield, without and with heterogeneous residual variance adjustment. Both fixed and random effects were modelled using Legendre polynomials of second order. Genetic variance and heritability estimates were affected by both (Met + Cys):Lys ratio and strain. We observed that a G × E interaction was present, with changes in the breeding value ranking. Therefore, genetic evaluation for carcass traits should be performed under the same (Met + Cys):Lys ratio in which quails are raised.

Avaliação da atividade larvicida do óleo essencial do Zingiber officinale Roscoe (gengibre) frente ao mosquito Aedes aegypti / Evaluation of the larvicidal effectof the essential oil of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) against the mosquito Aedes aegypti

RESUMO Este trabalho analisa o efeito larvicida do óleo Zingiber officinale Roscoe contra larvas em terceiro estágio do mosquito Aedes aegypti. Extraiu-se quantitativamente o óleo essencial por hidrodestilação e calculou-se a CL50 do óleo, a partir dos métodos de Reed-Muench e Pizzi, respectivamente. O óleo essencial obteve CL50 de 76,07 (±2,24) μg mL-1 e rendimento de 0,52% m/v. Os resultados indicam que o óleo essencial avaliado é composto por substâncias que propiciam efeito larvicida contra Aedes aegypti.

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the larvicidal effect of the oil of Zingiber officinale Roscoe against larvae in third stage of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus 1792). The essential oil was extracted quantitatively by hydrodistillation and we calculated the oil’s LC50 from Reed-Muench (1938) and Pizzi (1950) methods, respectively. The essential oil obtained LC50 of 76.07 (±2.24) ug mL-1, and yield of 0.52% m/v. The results indicate that the essential oil assessed has substances that provide larvicidal effect against Aedes aegypti.

Modelos de norma de reação para estudo das características de qualidade da carne de codornas de corte em função das razões (metionina + cistina): lisina da dieta / Reaction norm models for the study of meat quality of european quail in function of (methionine + cysteine): lysine diet ratio

Objetivou-se avaliar a sensibilidade dos valores genéticos para características de qualidade da carne em codornas de corte alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes relações de (metionina + cistina): lisina, do nascimento aos 21 dias de idade, por meio de modelos de normas de reação. Utilizaram-se 9011 informações de qualidade de carne referentes a 1400 progênies de 80 reprodutores e 160 matrizes de duas linhas (LF1 e LF2). Para o ajuste dos modelos de regressão aleatória, foi usado o programa WOMBAT, considerando-se nas análises homogeneidade de variância residual. As codornas foram alimentadas do nascimento aos 21 dias de idade com dietas contendo as relações 0,61; 0,66; 0,71; 0,76 e 0,81 de (metionina + cistina): lisina, mantendo os níveis de proteína bruta de 26,12% e de energia em 2900 kcal EM/kg da dieta. Dos 22 aos 35 dias de idade, todas as codornas foram alimentadas com dieta contendo 22% de proteína bruta e 3050 kcal EM/kg da dieta. As estimativas da variância genética e da herdabilidade foram influenciadas pelo gradiente ambiental e pela linha, com mudanças nessas estimativas com o aumento do gradiente ambiental. Os valores genéticos das características de qualidade de carne referentes a cada uma das linhas se alteraram com o aumento das relações de aminoácidos das dietas em razão das mudanças no ordenamento dos valores genéticos, evidenciando a existência da interação genótipo x nível de relação dos aminoácidos da dieta para características de qualidade de carne. Predições de valores genéticos de características de qualidade de carne com base em determinada relação de (metionina + cistina): lisina da dieta não são válidas para outras relações desses aminoácidos.

This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of breeding values for meat quality traits of European quails fed different (methionine + cystine): lysine ratio diets from hatch to 21 days of age, using reaction norm models. A total of 9011 meat quality records from 1400 progenies of 80 sires and 160 dams from two lines (LF1 and LF2) were used in the analyses considering homogeneity of residual variance. The quails from hatch to 21 days of age were fed diets containing 0.61, 0.66, 0.71, 0.76 and 0.81 (methionine + cystine): lysine ratios, 26.12% of crude protein and 2900 ME/kcal of diet. From 22 to 35 days of age all quail were fed a diet containing 22% of crude protein and 3050 kcal ME/kg of diet. The random regression model analyses was performed using the WOMBAT program considering homogeneity of residual variance. Genetic variance and heritability estimates were affected by the environment gradient of diet and line, increasing these estimates with the increase of the (methionine + cystine): lysine ratio of the diet. The breeding values changed with the increase of the environment gradient of the diet with changes in the rank of genetic breeding values characterizing the existence of genotype by environment interaction for meat quality traits. Predictions of meat quality trait breeding values based on a given (methionine + cystine): lysine ratio are not valid for other levels of the amino acid ratio.

Características de desempenho e de carcaça em diferentes genótipos de codornas de corte / Performance and carcass traits of different meat type genotypes

Objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar e correlacionar as características de desempenho e de carcaça em codornas de corte do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 1176 codornas de um dia, machos e fêmeas, de sete genótipos de codornas de corte (EV1, EV2, UFV1, UFV2, UFV3, LF1 e LF2), distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com ensaio fatorial 7x2 (genótipo x sexo), em sete repetições com 12 codornas por unidade experimental. As codornas foram pesadas individualmente do nascimento aos 35 dias de idade, em intervalos semanais. Aos 35 dias de idade, dois machos e duas fêmeas de cada genótipo e repetição foram amostrados e abatidos para avaliação do peso de carcaça e dos cortes nobres. As análises estatísticas foram conduzidas utilizando-se o procedimento GLM e CORR com a opção MANOVA do SAS para avaliar as diferenças entre os genótipos e a correlação entre as variáveis. Não houve interação (P≥0,05) entre genótipo e sexo para as características de desempenho (peso e ganho de peso nas diferentes idades). Entretanto, houve efeito significativo da interação genótipo x sexo (P<0,05) para as características de pesos de carcaça, peito e coxa+sobrecoxa. Em geral, as codornas dos grupos genéticos UFV1, UFV2 e UFV3 foram as mais pesadas dos sete aos 35 dias de idade e apresentaram maiores rendimentos de carcaça. Como observado pelas correlações fenotípicas, a tendência é que codornas que apresentam maior peso corporal e ganho de peso irão apresentar maior peso de carcaça e dos seus principais cortes.(AU)

This study was carried out to compare and relate the performance and carcass traits of different quail genotypes from hatch to 35 days of age. A total of 1176 one-day-old quails of both sexes were allotted in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 7x2 factorial scheme (genotypes x sexes), in seven replicates with 12 quails per experimental unit. Quails of each genotype were weighed weekly from hatch to 35 days of age. At 35 days of age two males and two females of each genotype and replicate were sampled and slaughtered to evaluate carcass weight and main cut yield. Statistical analyses were performed by GLM and CORR procedure from the Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2000, version 9.0), with the MANOVA option of the SAS device to assess the differences between the genotypes and the correlation between variables. There was no interaction (P≥0.05) between genotype and sex with the performance characteristics of weight and weight gain. However, there was a significant effect of genotype x sex (P<0.05) for the characteristics carcass,breast, thigh and drumstick weights. In general, quails of genetic groups UFV1, UFV2 and UFV3 were heavier from 7 to 35 days of age. We observed that for the correlation the tendency is that quail that showed higher body weight and weight gain will have greater housing and main cuts weight.(AU)

Intermediate cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis successfully treated with fluconazole.

American cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic anthropozoonosis that exhibits a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Intermediate/borderline disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis is a distinct clinical condition that comprises cutaneous disease of a chronic nature, usually occurring as multiple lesions with or without mucosal involvement. The disease is usually caused by parasites of the subgenus Viannia, frequently occurs in context of an underlying disease, and is often resistant to standard antileishmanial therapy. We report a case that was refractory to standard therapy and other second-line drugs, but resolved after treatment with fluconazole, and review the use of fluconazole as a second-line drug in children.

Nanoencapsulação de um peptídeo isolado de anuros: citotoxicidade in vitro em células tumorais humanas / Nanoencapsulation of a peptide isolated from anurans: in vitro cytotoxicity in human tumor cells

A terapia antineoplásica tradicional apresenta algumas limitações que podem ser superadas através da utilização dos lipossomas. Estes nanossistemas de carreamento possibilitam o direcionamento de fármacos e reduzem efeitos secundários. Alguns peptídeos catiônicos sintetizados na pele de anuros apresentam atividade citotóxica seletiva (microorganismos e/ou tumores). Neste sentido, espécies do gênero Phyllomedusa secretam as dermaseptinas. Objetivou-se neste estudo, avaliar a citotoxicidade in vitro da dermaseptina 01 (DS 01) livre e encapsulada em lipossomas unilamelares pequenos (SUVs) em células tumorais humanas. Os lipossomas foram preparados pelo método de hidratação do filme lipídico seguido de sonicação. Foram produzidas formulações neutras e catiônicas, convencionais e furtivas. A citotoxicidade foi analisada em células tumorais de pulmão (NCI-H292), cólon (HT-29) e laringe (HEp-2), pelo ensaio de redução do sal tetrazólio (MTT) em placas de 96 poços. Os lipossomas foram submetidos a testes de estabilidade acelerada e em longo prazo. Em NCI-H292, a DS 01 livre apresentou efeito citostático médio de 35,6%. A encapsulação do peptídeo em lipossomas convencionais neutros aumentou o efeito, ao contrário dos furtivos. Para HT-29 e HEp-2, a DS 01 livre inibiu o crescimento celular em aproximadamente 50%, em média. A encapsulação em lipossomas catiônicos potencializou o efeito; os lipossomas convencionais inibiram na faixa de 80% e os furtivos, mais que 95% para as duas linhagens celulares. A DS 01, um peptídeo catiônico antimicrobiano, apresentou efeito citotóxico in vitro para células tumorais humanas que foi potencializado com a nanoencapsulação...

The conventional anticancer therapies show some limitations that can be overcome by using liposomes. This type of nanocarriers allows preferential targeting of drugs and reduces undesirable secondary effects. Some cationic peptides synthesized by the skin of anurans exhibit selective cytotoxicity (to pathogens and/or tumors). Species of Phyllomedusa secrete dermaseptins (DSs). The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro cytotoxicity of free and small unilamellar vesicle (SUV)-encapsulated dermaseptin 01 (DS 01) in various human tumor cells. Liposomes were prepared by lipid film hydration followed by sonication. Neutral and cationic, conventional and stealth liposomes were produced. Cytotoxicity was analyzed in lung (NCI-H292), colon (HT-29) and larynx (HEp-2) cancer cells, by the tetrazolium reduction method (MTT) carried out in 96-well microplates. Liposomes were tested for accelerated and long-term stability. In NCI-H292, free DS 01 showed a medium cytostatic effect of 36.5%. The conventional neutral liposome encapsulation of peptide increased this effect, whereas the stealth did not. In HT-29 and HEp-2, free DS 01 inhibited the cell growth by approximately 50% on average. The cationic liposome encapsulation was synergic, inhibition being about 80% in conventional and higher than 95% in stealth liposomes for both celllines. Thus, DS 01, an antimicrobial cationic peptide, showed in vitro cytotoxicity to human tumor cells that was potentiated by nanoencapsulation...

Albedo and atmospheric constraints of dwarf planet Makemake from a stellar occultation.

Pluto and Eris are icy dwarf planets with nearly identical sizes, comparable densities and similar surface compositions as revealed by spectroscopic studies. Pluto possesses an atmosphere whereas Eris does not; the difference probably arises from their differing distances from the Sun, and explains their different albedos. Makemake is another icy dwarf planet with a spectrum similar to Eris and Pluto, and is currently at a distance to the Sun intermediate between the two. Although Makemake's size (1,420 ± 60 km) and albedo are roughly known, there has been no constraint on its density and there were expectations that it could have a Pluto-like atmosphere. Here we report the results from a stellar occultation by Makemake on 2011 April 23. Our preferred solution that fits the occultation chords corresponds to a body with projected axes of 1,430 ± 9 km (1σ) and 1,502 ± 45 km, implying a V-band geometric albedo p(V) = 0.77 ± 0.03. This albedo is larger than that of Pluto, but smaller than that of Eris. The disappearances and reappearances of the star were abrupt, showing that Makemake has no global Pluto-like atmosphere at an upper limit of 4-12 nanobar (1σ) for the surface pressure, although a localized atmosphere is possible. A density of 1.7 ± 0.3 g cm(-3) is inferred from the data.