Evaluation of HPV and EBV in OSCC and the expression of p53, p16, E-cadherin, COX-2, MYC, and MLH1.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the expression of p53, p16, E-cadherin, COX-2, MLH1, and MYC in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred OSCC specimens were submitted to in situ hybridization for HPV and EBV, and immunohistochemistry for detection of the human proteins. RESULTS: Thirty-one cases showed HPV in tumor tissue. EBV was not detected in any case investigated. The HPV(+) group demonstrated an increase of staining scores for nuclear p16 (p = .047), cytoplasmic MYC (p = .002), while a decrease for nuclear MLH1 (p = .048), suggesting that HPV may upregulate the expression of the first two proteins and down-regulate the latter. CONCLUSION: Our findings reinforce the hypothesis of the HPV-related oral carcinogenesis involving the expression of p16 and MYC, and MLH1 suppression. Exclusively cytoplasmic stainings for p16, MLH1, and MYC were also associated with more advanced tumors. Finally, in view of the lack of studies correlating the HPV or EBV infection to the expression of oncoproteins, more researches assessing a broader panel of markers and employing different approaches are still necessary in order to understand the role of these viruses as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of oral carcinomas.

Novel production of biodispersant by Serratia marcescens UCP 1549 in solid-state fermentation and application for oil spill bioremediation.

Oil spills in aquatic ecosystems cause irreparable damage to marine life and the coastal populations of affected areas. In recent years, chemical dispersants have been extensively used to remedy these impacted ecosystems, although these agents have been increasingly restricted due to their toxic potential. In this context, biosurfactants are emerging as a promising alternative to chemical dispersants, which have some advantages including low toxicity, high biodegradability and good ecological acceptability. Thus, this study aimed to the production of biosurfactant by the bacteria Serratia marcescens UCP 1549 for application as biodispersant. The experiment was carried out using wheat bran as substrate in solid-state fermentation (SSF) as low-cost technology. Biosurfactant production was verified by the reduction of surface tension (28.4 mN/m) and interfacial tension (4.1 mN/m) with n-hexadecane. Also, promising result of emulsification (94%) with burned motor oil was obtained. Acid precipitation yielded 52.0 g/kg dry substrate of biosurfactant, that was identified as an anionic compound of a lipopeptide nature by the Zeta potential and FTIR spectrum, respectively. The biomolecule showed stability under extreme conditions of temperature, pH and salinity, as well as low toxicity against the microcrustacean Artemia salina. In addition, the biosurfactant demonstrated excellent properties to dispersing burned motor oil in water (ODA = 50.24 cm2) and to washing of marine stones (100% removal of burned motor oil). Therefore, these results confirm SSF as a sustainable technology for the production of biodispersant by S. marcescens UCP 1549, promising in the bioremediation of marine ecosystems impacted by petroderivatives.

Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Carcinoma of the Larynx: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

Over the past few decades, several publications have investigated the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, and an increasing number of them have shown its presence in laryngeal tumors. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of EBV with laryngeal carcinoma. The search was carried out in two databases, Scopus and PubMed, using the following terms: "Epstein-Barr virus" and "laryngeal carcinoma". A total of 187 records were found, of which 31 were selected for meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis yielded an overall pooled prevalence of 43.72% (95% confidence interval (CI): 34.35-53.08). Studies carried out in Europe and Eurasia had slightly higher pooled prevalence than other subgroups, while the prevalence of studies performed in developed countries was higher than in developing countries (46.37% vs. 34.02%). Furthermore, laryngeal carcinoma occurred almost three times as often among EBV-infected individuals compared to those without EBV infection (odds ratio = 2.86 (95% CI: 1.18-6.90); Begg's test, p = 0.843 and Egger's test, p = 0.866). Our findings support the idea that EBV is related to laryngeal carcinoma. However, further studies are needed before recognizing a definitive etiological role of EBV in the development and/or progression of laryngeal carcinomas.

Ultrasound pretreatment application in dehydration: its influence on the microstructure, antioxidant activity and carotenoid retention of biofortified Beauregard sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam).

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of ultrasound pretreatment on the microstructure, antioxidant activity, and carotenoid retention of biofortified Beauregard sweet potato (BBSP). The pretreatment was carried out in an ultrasonic bath at 30 °C for 10 min, and it was evaluated in terms of water loss and solid gain. The drying process was performed at two different temperatures (50 and 70 °C). Six different semi-theoretical mathematical models were examined to characterize the drying curves, and quality analyses were executed. The two-terms exponential model provided the best simulation of the drying curves. Drying time was reduced by performing ultrasound pretreatment and by increasing drying temperature. The ultrasound treatment caused greater agglomeration, breakage, or strangulation of the BBSP structure, increasing porosity, and thus increasing drying rates. Drying caused a diminution of total carotenoids content and influenced antioxidant activity. However, the samples pretreated with ultrasound and dried produced lower total carotenoids loss.

Enhanced production of prodigiosin by Serratia marcescens UCP 1549 using agrosubstrates in solid-state fermentation.

This work aimed to investigate the production of prodigiosin by S. marcescens UCP 1549 in solid-state fermentation (SSF), as a sustainable alternative for reducing the production costs and environmental impact. Thus, different agro-industrial substrates were used in the formulation of the prodigiosin production medium, obtaining the maximum yield of pigment (119.8 g/kg dry substrate) in medium consisting of 5 g wheat bran, 5% waste soybean oil and saline solution. The pigment was confirmed as prodigiosin by the maximum absorbance peak at 535 nm, Rf 0.9 in TLC, and the functional groups by infrared spectrum (FTIR). Prodigiosin demonstrated stability at different values of temperature, pH and NaCl concentrations and antimicrobial properties, as well as not show any toxicity. These results confirm the applicability of SSF as a sustainable and promising technology and wheat bran as potential agrosubstrate to produce prodigiosin, making the bioprocess economic and competitive for industrial purposes.

Epidemiology and Etiopathogeny of COVID-19.

Despite the recent announcement of the new pathogenic coronavirus to man, SARS-CoV2, a large number of publications are presented to the scientific community. An organized and systematic review of the epidemiological, etiological, and pathogenic factors of COVID-19 is presented. This is a systematic review using the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCIELO; the descriptors coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, pathogenesis, COVID-19, with publications from December 2019 to January 2021, resulting in more than 800 publications and 210 selected. The data suggest that COVID-19 is associated with SAR-CoV-2 infection, with the transmission of contagion by fomites, salivary droplets, and other forms, such as vertical and fecal-oral. The bat and other vertebrates appear to be reservoirs and part of the transmission chain. The virus uses cell receptors to infect human cells, especially ACE2, like other coronaviruses. Heat shock proteins have different roles in the infection, sometimes facilitating it, sometimes participating in more severe conditions, when not serving as a therapeutic target. The available data allow us to conclude that COVID-19 is a pandemic viral disease, behaving as a challenge for public health worldwide, determining aggressive conditions with a high mortality rate in patients with risk factors, without treatment, but with the recent availability of the first vaccines.

Characterization of the sand fly fauna in Barbalha, one of the municipalities with the highest leishmaniasis rates in Brazil.

Leishmaniases are a complex of sand fly-borne diseases that are considered a public health issue in several countries. Brazil presents high leishmaniases rates. The South of Ceará State, known as Cariri region, shows worrying statistics mainly on American tegumentary leishmaniasis. In Barbalha, which is one of the municipalities in this region, there is still a lack of studies regarding the local phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna in order to help clarify the high rates. This study aimed to characterize such fauna by capturing sand flies with light traps during a four-year period. A total of 3730 sand flies were captured, of which 37.8% were females. Fourteen species were found: 13 of the Lutzomyia genus and one of the Brumptomyia genus. Of the Lutzomyia species, four were proven and five had potential involvement in leishmaniasis transmission. Lutzomyia longipalpis was the most common species (66.97%). This predominance, especially in the urban area, indicates its epidemiological importance and adaptation to environmental conditions modified by human activity. In fact, further studies are still required to accurately determine the behavioral features of these vectors in order to guide public health measurements towards its control and prevention.

Chitosan-citric acid edible coating to control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and maintain quality parameters of fresh-cut guava.

This study aimed to verify the action of edible chitosan-citric acid (CHI-CA) coating to control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and maintain quality parameters of fresh-cut guava. Chitosan was obtained from Litopenaeus vannamei shells using high temperature and short exposure times. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of CHI-CA against C. gloeosporioides were determined by macrodilutions at 28 °C/120 h in the absence/presence of CHI-CA (0-10 mg/mL). Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate morphological changes in the fungus. Guava slices were coated with CHI-CA (MIC) or 5 mg/mL glycerol (control). Rot incidence and physicochemical, physical, and microbiological factors were determined at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days at 24 °C and 4 °C. Chitosan presented typical structural characterization, 64% deacetylation, and a molecular weight of 1.6 × 104 g/mol. CHI-CA exhibited MIC and MFC values of 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively, and promoted changes in the morphology and cell surface of fungal spores. The fresh-cut guava coated with CHI-CA maintained quality parameters during storage and preserved their sensorial characteristics. Therefore, the use of CHI-CA as a coating is a promising strategy for improving postharvest quality of fresh-cut fruits.

Agroindustrial waste as ecofriendly and low-cost alternative to production of chitosan from Mucorales fungi and antagonist effect against Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacco and Scytalidium lignicola Pesante.

This study aimed to evaluate the production of fungal chitosan (FuChi) from Mucorales fungi cultivated in a cashew apple juice (CAJ) and cheese whey (CW) mixture, and to determine the growth-inhibitory effect of this biopolymer against Fusarium solani CFF109 and Scytalidium lignicola CMM1098, which cause root rot disease in cassava plants. Cunninghamella phaeospora UCP 1303 and Cunninghamella elegans UCP 1306 showed the highest FuChi production in screening assay, being selected to a CCRD 22 design to analyze the influence of different CAJ and CW concentrations in the increase of FuChi production. All nine Mucorales fungi cultivated in CAJ-CW medium, showing FuChi production in the range of 27.58 (Mucor hiemalis UCP 1309) to 65.40 mg/g (C. elegans UCP 1306). During CCRD 22 design, the highest FuChi production (64.09 mg/g) was achieved by C. elegans UCP 1306 cultivated in medium containing 40% (v/v) of CAJ and 30% (v/v) of CW, presenting 75% deacetylation degree and crystallinity indexes of 41.50%. FuChi at 16000 µg/mL showed a better inhibition against S. lignicola mycelial growth (81.70%) when compared with F. solani (22.13%) and induced alterations in hyphae morphology on both strains. CAJ and CW are promising substrates for FuChi production, and this biopolymer shows antimicrobial effect against F. solani and S. lignicola.

Biotechnological Strategies for Chitosan Production by Mucoralean Strains and Dimorphism Using Renewable Substrates.

We investigated the influence of corn steep liquor (CSL) and cassava waste water (CWW) as carbon and nitrogen sources on the morphology and production of biomass and chitosan by Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262 and Lichtheimia hyalospora UCP 1266. The highest biomass yields of 4.832 g/L (M. subtilissimus UCP 1262) and 6.345 g/L (L. hyalospora UCP 1266) were produced in assay 2 (6% CSL and 4% CWW), factorial design 22, and also favored higher chitosan production (32.471 mg/g) for M. subtilissimus. The highest chitosan production (44.91 mg/g) by L. hyalospora (UCP 1266) was obtained at the central point (4% of CWW and 6% of CSL). The statistical analysis, the higher concentration of CSL, and lower concentration of CWW significantly contributed to the growth of the strains. The FTIR bands confirmed the deacetylation degree of 80.29% and 83.61% of the chitosan produced by M. subtilissimus (UCP 1262) and L. hyalospora (UCP 1266), respectively. M. subtilissimus (UCP 1262) showed dimorphism in assay 4-6% CSL and 8% CWW and central point. L. hyalospora (UCP 1266) was optimized using a central composite rotational design, and the highest yield of chitosan (63.18 mg/g) was obtained in medium containing 8.82% CSL and 7% CWW. The experimental data suggest that the use of CSL and CWW is a promising association to chitosan production.

Seafood Waste as Attractive Source of Chitin and Chitosan Production and Their Applications.

Chitosan is a cationic polymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin, found abundantly in crustacean, insect, arthropod exoskeletons, and molluscs. The process of obtaining chitin by the chemical extraction method comprises the steps of deproteinization, demineralization, and discoloration. To obtain chitosan, the deacetylation of chitin is necessary. These polymers can also be extracted through the biological extraction method involving the use of microorganisms. Chitosan has biodegradable and biocompatible properties, being applied in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, biomedical, chemical, and textile industries. Chitosan and its derivatives may be used in the form of gels, beads, membranes, films, and sponges, depending on their application. Polymer blending can also be performed to improve the mechanical properties of the bioproduct. This review aims to provide the latest information on existing methods for chitin and chitosan recovery from marine waste as well as their applications.

Association between Epstein-Barr Virus and Oral Carcinoma: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We searched the electronic scientific databases of PubMed and Scopus and included a total of 53 studies that were published from 1990 to 2019. The analysis yielded a 45.37% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.90-51.84; p < 0.001) overall pooled prevalence of EBV. Studies that used the applied methods of in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, immunology, or RNA microarray showed the following pooled prevalence: 46.08%, 40.32, 54.97%, and 74.89%, respectively. EBV-infected individuals have a 2.5 higher risk for developing OSCC (odds ratio: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.23% to 5.36%; p < 0.001). The present meta-analysis supports the hypothesis of EBV association with OSCC, pointing to this virus as a risk factor for neoplasia. Our findings also suggest that EBV latent transcripts (latent membrane protein 1, EBV nuclear antigen 1 and 2, and EBV-encoded small RNAs) have an important role in this process. Furthermore, novel advancements could arise from large and standardized studies that are constructed to probe for other latent gene expression, eliminate confounding factors (tobacco, alcohol, and high-risk human papillomavirus infection), and define the relationship between EBV and oral carcinomas.

Role of Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Papillomavirus Coinfection in Oral and Anogenital Carcinogenesis: Potential Tumorigenic Pathways.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) have been implicated in 38% of all virus-related cancers. Over the past three decades, both have been detected in anogenital and head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), with evidence of involvement in tumor genesis and progression. Very little has been published on HPV/EBV coinfection. In this chapter, we review the literature on the role of these viruses in oral carcinoma and draw parallels with other HNSCCs and anogenital carcinomas, with emphasis on their interplay and potential signaling pathways. EBV infection seems to create an environment that favors HPV latency, supporting the claim that EBV is a cofactor in HPV-related carcinomas. In turn, under certain circumstances, HPV appears to be able to induce EBV to switch to the latent or replicative state. The main viral oncogenes expressed in these malignancies are EBNA1, EBNA2, LMP1, EBERs, and the high-risk HPV oncogenes E6 and E7. The most well-documented human proteins involved are p53, pRb, p16INK4a, p19ARF, Myc, E-cadherin, ß-catenin, EGFR, MLH1, and COX-2. These proteins are directly associated not only with viral products but also with one another in the development of malignancy. Knowledge of the molecular machinery behind carcinomas coinfected with HPV and EBV may help understand how these viruses trigger carcinogenesis and subsidize the development of new biomarkers of tumor aggressiveness and prognosis, alternative surrogate virus markers, and possible therapeutic targets.

American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a northeast Brazilian city: clinical and epidemiological features.

INTRODUCTION: This study characterized the clinico-epidemiological profile of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases in Barbalha, Ceará State, Brazil. METHODS: Medical records of 363 patients visiting Federal University of Cariri between 2009 and 2014 were analyzed. RESULTS: ACL was more prevalent in men with low education level from rural zones. The main presentation was a single ulcer, mainly in the lower limbs, and 49.8% also presented lymphadenomegaly. The annual incidence ranged from 2.83 to 22.60 per 10,000 inhabitants. CONCLUSIONS: The rates observed in this study indicate the importance of additional research to contribute to the control of this endemic disease.

American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a northeast Brazilian city: clinical and epidemiological features

Abstract INTRODUCTION This study characterized the clinico-epidemiological profile of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) cases in Barbalha, Ceará State, Brazil. METHODS Medical records of 363 patients visiting Federal University of Cariri between 2009 and 2014 were analyzed. RESULTS ACL was more prevalent in men with low education level from rural zones. The main presentation was a single ulcer, mainly in the lower limbs, and 49.8% also presented lymphadenomegaly. The annual incidence ranged from 2.83 to 22.60 per 10,000 inhabitants. CONCLUSIONS: The rates observed in this study indicate the importance of additional research to contribute to the control of this endemic disease.

Chitosan produced from Mucorales fungi using agroindustrial by-products and its efficacy to inhibit Colletotrichum species.

This study evaluated corn steep liquor (CSL) and papaya peel juice (PPJ) in mixture as substrates for the cultivation (96h, 28°C, pH 5.6, 150rpm) of Mucorales fungi for chitosan production, and determined the growth-inhibitory effect of the fungal chitosan (FuCS) obtained under optimized conditions against phytopathogenic Colletotrichum species. All Mucorales fungi tested were capable of growing in CSL-PPJ medium, showing FuCS production in the range of 5.02 (Fennelomyces heterothalicus SIS 28) - 15.63mg/g (Cunninghamella elegans SIS 41). Highest FuCS production (37.25mg/g) was achieved when C. elegans was cultivated in medium containing 9.43% CSL and 42.5% PPJ. FuCS obtained under these conditions showed a deacetylation degree of 86%, viscosity of 120cP and molecular weight of 4.08×104g/mol. FuCS at 5000, 7500 and 10,000ppm inhibited the growth of all Colletotrichum species tested. FuCS also induced alterations in the morphology of C. fructicola hyphae. CSL-PPJ mixtures are suitable substrates for the cultivation of Mucorales fungi for FuCS production. Chitosan from C. elegans cultivated in CSL-PPJ medium is effective in inhibiting phytopathogenic Colletotrichum species.

Association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cervical carcinoma: A meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated as a major factor in cervical carcinogenesis. However, many pieces of evidence gathered over the last two decades suggest Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a secondary role in this process. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to determine whether the presence of EBV infection increases the risk of cervical carcinoma. METHODS: Based on 25 articles, the analysis yielded a 33.44% overall pooled prevalence of EBV. RESULTS: The pooled prevalence was higher in patients with carcinoma (43.63%) than in healthy patients (19.0%) or patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1) (27.34%) or CIN2/3 (34.67%). Co-infection with EBV and HPV displayed a similar pattern. EBV infection was significantly and positively associated with lesion grade in cervical epithelia and was more prevalent in malignant lesions. Moreover, cervical carcinoma occurred four times as often among EBV positive women as in women without EBV infection (OR=4.01 [1.87-8.58]; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The existence of EBV(+)HPV(-) carcinomas, the confirmed expression of latent oncoproteins (EBNA1, EBNA2, LMP1) and EBERs in tumor cells, and the association of EBV with the integration of high-risk-HPV DNA in malignant specimens point to EBV as a co-factor (so far underestimated) in the genesis and/or progression of cervical carcinoma. However, further studies are necessary before the link between EBV and cervical carcinoma can be established.

Atypical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A systematic review.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in 88 countries, showing relevant prevalences. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review on atypical lesions of CL around the world, addressing clinico-epidemiological, immunological and therapeutic aspects. A search of the literature was conducted via electronic databases Scopus and PubMed for articles published between 2010 and 2015. The search terms browsed were "cutaneous leishmaniasis", "atypical" and "unusual". Based on the eligibility criteria, 34 out of 122 articles were included in the final sample. Atypical lesions may include the following forms: erythematous volcanic ulcer, lupoid, eczematous, erysipeloid, verrucous, dry, zosteriform, paronychial, sporotrichoid, chancriform and annular. In any cases, they seem to be another disease like subcutaneous and deep mycosis, cutaneous lymphoma, pseudolymphoma, basal and squamous cell carcinoma. The lesions have been reported in the face, cheeks, ears, nose, eyelid, limbs, trunk, buttocks, as well as in palmoplantar and genital regions; sometimes occurring in more than one area. The reason for clinical cutaneous leishmaniasis pleomorphism is unclear but immunosuppression seems to play an important role in some cases. There are no established guidelines for the treatment of atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, pentavalent antimonials remain as first line treatment for all forms of leishmaniasis even for HIV-infected patients and atpical forms. Finally, to diagnose an atypical lesion properly, the focus has to be on the medical history and the origin of the patient, comparing them to the natural history of leishmaniasis and always reminding of possible atypical presentations, to then start searching for the best diagnostic method and treatment, reducing the misdiagnosis rate and, subsequently, controlling the disease progression. Thereby, contributing for breaking the transmission chain of the parasite, due to early correct diagnosis which, in turn, contributes to reduce the prevalence.

Risk factors for suicide in bipolar disorder: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder confers the highest risk of suicide among major psychological disorders. The risk factors associated with bipolar disorder and suicide exist and are relevant to clinicians and researchers. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of articles regarding the suicide risk factors in bipolar disorder. METHODS: A systematic review of articles on suicide risk factors in bipolar disorder, published from January 1, 2010 to April 05, 2014, on SCOPUS and PUBMED databases was carried out. Search terms were "Suicide" (medical subject headings [MeSH]), "Risk factors" (MeSH), and "Bipolar" (keyword). Of the 220 retrieved studies, 42 met the eligibility criteria. RESULTS: Bipolar disorder is associated with an increased rate death by suicide which contributes to overall mortality rates. Studies covered a wide range of aspects regarding suicide risk factors in bipolar disorder, such as risk factors associated to Sociodemographic conditions, Biological characteristics, Drugs Relationships, Psychological Factors, Genetic Compound, Religious and Spirituals conditions. Recent scientific literature regarding the suicide risk factors in bipolar disorder converge to, directly or indirectly, highlight the negative impacts of risk factors to the affected population quality of life. CONCLUSION: This review demonstrated that Bipolar disorders commonly leads to other psychiatric disorders and co-morbidities involving risk of suicide. Thus the risk factors are relevant to have a better diagnosis and prognosis of BD cases involving risk of suicide.

Are there depression and anxiety genetic markers and mutations? A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Genetic factors may encourage or even cause the occurrence of mood disorders such as anxiety and/or depression. However, despite the significant amount of work and sophisticated technology is not fully elucidated which genes or regions of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA, or which types of genetic changes, alone or in combination, can represent reliable genetic markers of anxiety and/or depression. OBJECTIVE: To identify whether there are genetic changes that can cause depression or anxiety and if there are genetic markers that can be used to detect these changes. METHODS: A systematic review of 01.01.2004 to 03.28.2014 was held by VHL (Virtual Health Library). The search was performed with the descriptors ׳׳anxiety׳׳, ׳׳depression׳׳, "mutation" and "genetic markers׳׳. The selected articles were indexed in MEDLINE. The information pertinent to the study was selected, categorized and analyzed. Of the 374 articles found, 29 met the eligibility criteria. RESULTS: FMR1 gene polymorphisms, dopaminergic (DAT, DRD, COMT), serotonin (5-HTTLPR, HTR1A, HTR2A), interleukins, MCR1, HCN (potassium channel), neurorregulinas, GABAergic (GABA, GAD, DBI) DBI, GABA (Gabra) receptors and GAD genes (GAD1, GAD2) appear to contribute to generate condition of depression or anxiety like. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA in 124pb allele of D2S2944 in ofil 1 and 2 loci of chromosomes 4 and 7, respectively, and the chromosomes 8p, 17p and 15q appear to be associated with the origin of depression or anxiety. CONCLUSION: Some studies show only associations with one of the disorders, mainly anxiety. Few have shown association with both simultaneously. Other studies showed specific association of gender, or even specific ethnic groups. It was noticed, controversies over certain markers. Interesting results were observed in combination of changes, especially in cases of SNPs, indicating that perhaps this is the most appropriate way to find reliable markers.