Assessment of the impact of e-learning of theoretical anesthesiology for medical students / Avaliação do impacto de ensino teórico de anestesiologia à distância para estudantes de medicina

Abstract: Introduction: Due to the high contamination rate and number of cases of the SARS-Cov-2, local authorities decreed the closure of universities and schools, which has forced these institutions to come up with innovative solutions for the continuation of their activities. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess both the impact and level of satisfaction amongst undergraduate students of the online teaching of theoretical anesthesiology as an alternative method to the face-to-face teaching as the latter is currently impaired by the difficulties imposed by the pandemic. Methodology: The teaching method chosen consisted of conducting online classes taught by a specialist using the Microsoft Teams platform. The level of knowledge of the participants was assessed through the application of questionnaires before and after each term of the course. Results: A total of 812 questionnaires were completed, with a significant increase of 41.61% in the average of correct answers (3.94 vs 5.57; p <0.001). Conclusion: The main focus of this study is that the e-learning of theoretical anesthesiology and its results showed considerable increase in the students' knowledge. Also, it was observed that the levels of satisfaction were higher than the expectation levels.

Resumo: Introdução: Devido à alta taxa de contaminação do SARS-Cov-2 e ao surgimento de um grande número de casos, autoridades locais decretaram o fechamento de universidades e escolas, demandando a implementação de soluções inovadoras para a continuidade das atividades acadêmicas. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o impacto e nível de satisfação do modelo de ensino teórico à distância de anestesiologia em alunos de graduação como método alternativo ao ensino presencial em virtude das dificuldades impostas pela pandemia. Metodologia: O método utilizado consistiu na realização de aulas online ministradas por professor especialista através da plataforma Microsoft Teams. O nível de conhecimento dos participantes foi avaliado por meio da aplicação de questionários antes e após cada módulo do curso. Resultados: Um total de 812 questionários foram preenchidos, tendo sido constatado um aumento significativo de 41,61% na média de acertos geral (3,94 vs 5,57; p < 0,001). Conclusão: O presente estudo trouxe o ensino teórico em anestesiologia à distância como foco principal e os seus resultados mostraram ganho de conhecimento considerável por parte dos participantes. Além disso, foram observados maiores níveis de satisfação em detrimento dos de expectativa.

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Brazil: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Parasitic infections are considered a major public health problem due to their associated morbimortality and negative impact on physical and intellectual development, especially in the at-risk pediatric group. Periodic prophylactic administration of antiparasitic agents against soil-transmitted helminths is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to control parasitic infections and disease burden. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Brazil. METHODS: We performed a systematic review by searching the literature found in the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases, followed by a meta-analysis of the proportions from studies published in English, Portuguese, and/or Spanish from January 2000 to May 2018. This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42018096214). RESULTS: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (protozoa and/or helminths) in Brazil was 46% (confidence interval: 39-54%), with 99% heterogeneity. Prevalence varied by region: 37%, 51%, 50%, 58%, and 41% in the Southeast, South, Northeast, North, and Central-West regions, respectively. Most studies (32/40) evaluated children (<18 years) and found an average prevalence of 51%. Children also had the highest prevalence in all four regions: Central-West (65%), South (65%), North (58%), Northeast (53%), and Southeast (37%). However, most studies evaluated specific populations, which may have created selection bias. Presumably, this review of intestinal parasitic diseases in Brazil includes the most studies and the largest population ever considered. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections is high in Brazil, and anthelmintic drugs should be administered periodically as a prophylactic measure, as recommended by the WHO.

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Brazil: a systematic review

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Parasitic infections are considered a major public health problem due to their associated morbimortality and negative impact on physical and intellectual development, especially in the at-risk pediatric group. Periodic prophylactic administration of antiparasitic agents against soil-transmitted helminths is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to control parasitic infections and disease burden. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Brazil. METHODS: We performed a systematic review by searching the literature found in the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases, followed by a meta-analysis of the proportions from studies published in English, Portuguese, and/or Spanish from January 2000 to May 2018. This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42018096214). RESULTS: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (protozoa and/or helminths) in Brazil was 46% (confidence interval: 39-54%), with 99% heterogeneity. Prevalence varied by region: 37%, 51%, 50%, 58%, and 41% in the Southeast, South, Northeast, North, and Central-West regions, respectively. Most studies (32/40) evaluated children (<18 years) and found an average prevalence of 51%. Children also had the highest prevalence in all four regions: Central-West (65%), South (65%), North (58%), Northeast (53%), and Southeast (37%). However, most studies evaluated specific populations, which may have created selection bias. Presumably, this review of intestinal parasitic diseases in Brazil includes the most studies and the largest population ever considered. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections is high in Brazil, and anthelmintic drugs should be administered periodically as a prophylactic measure, as recommended by the WHO.

Impact of a twelve-year rotavirus vaccine program on acute diarrhea mortality and hospitalization in Brazil: 2006-2018.

BACKGROUND: Monitoring the impact of vaccine programs is necessary to identify changes in vaccine efficacy. We report the impact of the 12-year rotavirus vaccine program on diarrhea mortality and hospitalizations and their correlation to socioeconomic indicators. METHODS: this ecological study describes diarrhea hospitalizations and deaths from 2006 to 2018 in Brazil and correlates rotavirus vaccine coverage, hospitalizations and deaths to socioeconomic indicators and social vulnerability index (SVI) by state and region. Hospitalizations, deaths, and vaccine coverage trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression models. Associations between hospitalizations, mortality and rotavirus vaccination coverage and socioeconomic and SVI indicators were established using Ordinary Least Square regressions. RESULTS: Rotavirus vaccine coverage remained stable between 2006 and 2018 (annual percentage changes (APC) [95%CI]: 4.4% [-0.3%, 9.2%]). Diarrhea hospitalization rates decreased 52.5% (-5.7% [-7.5%, -3.8%]), from 68.4 to 32.5 hospitalizations per 10,000 children <5 years-old between 2006 and 2018, with significant decreases in diarrhea mortality (-9.8% [-11.2%, -8.5%]). The Northeast region experienced the largest reductions (-13.9% [-15.7%, -12.2%]). Vaccination coverage and diarrhea-mortality were inversely correlated with the SVI. CONCLUSION: The burden of childhood diarrhea has decreased over an extended period. States with high SVI, but high vaccination coverage had the largest reductions in hospitalizations and deaths.