Insecticidal efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto®) against Triatoma brasiliensis, a major vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Triatomines are responsible for the vector transmission of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease. Triatoma brasiliensis is the main vector of the parasite in Brazil, and dogs are an important reservoir of the parasite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of fluralaner (Bravecto®) on T. brasiliensis after a blood meal in treated dogs. METHODS: Healthy mongrel dogs (n = 8) were recruited from the Zoonoses Control Center (ZCC) in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and randomized into two groups, a fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated group (n = 4) and a control group (n = 4). Colony-reared third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs of T. brasiliensis nymphs (n = 10) were allowed to feed on dogs from both groups for 30-40 min, once monthly, for up to 12 months. Bug mortality was observed up to 5 days after each blood meal. RESULTS: Mortality in triatomines which had a blood meal on fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated dogs was 100% for up to 7 months after treatment, with mortality decreasing to 66.4% after 8 months, 57% after 9 months, 35% after 10 months, 10% after 11 months and 0% after 12 months. The mortality of triatomines that fed on non-treated control dogs was always ≤ 2.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that fluralaner (Bravecto®) treatment of dogs induces long-term mortality of T. brasiliensis after the blood meal. This is a potential approach to be used to control vector transmission of T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, especially in endemic areas.

Insecticidal efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto®) against Triatoma brasiliensis, a major vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazil

Background: Triatomines are responsible for the vector transmission of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease. Triatoma brasiliensis is the main vector of the parasite in Brazil, and dogs are an important reservoir of the parasite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal efect of furalaner (Bravecto®) on T. brasiliensis after a blood meal in treated dogs. Methods: Healthy mongrel dogs (n=8) were recruited from the Zoonoses Control Center (ZCC) in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and randomized into two groups, a furalaner (Bravecto®)-treated group (n=4) and a control group (n=4). Colony-reared third-, fourth- and ffth-instar nymphs of T. brasiliensis nymphs (n=10) were allowed to feed on dogs from both groups for 30­40 min, once monthly, for up to 12 months. Bug mortality was observed up to 5 days after each blood meal. Results: Mortality in triatomines which had a blood meal on furalaner (Bravecto®)-treated dogs was 100% for up to 7 months after treatment, with mortality decreasing to 66.4% after 8 months, 57% after 9 months, 35% after 10 months, 10% after 11 months and 0% after 12 months. The mortality of triatomines that fed on non-treated control dogs was always ≤ 2.5%. Conclusions: Our results suggest that furalaner (Bravecto®) treatment of dogs induces long-term mortality of T. brasiliensis after the blood meal. This is a potential approach to be used to control vector transmission of T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, especially in endemic areas.

Insecticidal efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto®) against Triatoma brasiliensis, a major vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in Brazil

Background: Triatomines are responsible for the vector transmission of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease. Triatoma brasiliensis is the main vector of the parasite in Brazil, and dogs are an important reservoir of the parasite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of fluralaner (Bravecto®) on T. brasiliensis after a blood meal in treated dogs. Methods: Healthy mongrel dogs (n = 8) were recruited from the Zoonoses Control Center (ZCC) in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and randomized into two groups, a fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated group (n = 4) and a control group (n = 4). Colony-reared third-, fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs of T. brasiliensis nymphs (n = 10) were allowed to feed on dogs from both groups for 30-40 min, once monthly, for up to 12 months. Bug mortality was observed up to 5 days after each blood meal. Results: Mortality in triatomines which had a blood meal on fluralaner (Bravecto®)-treated dogs was 100% for up to 7 months after treatment, with mortality decreasing to 66.4% after 8 months, 57% after 9 months, 35% after 10 months, 10% after 11 months and 0% after 12 months. The mortality of triatomines that fed on non-treated control dogs was always ≤ 2.5%. Conclusions: Our results suggest that fluralaner (Bravecto®) treatment of dogs induces long-term mortality of T. brasiliensis after the blood meal. This is a potential approach to be used to control vector transmission of T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, especially in endemic areas.

Displasias foliculares em cães: relato de dois casos na cidade de João Pessoa - PB / Follicular dysplasia in dogs: report of two cases in the city of João Pessoa - PB

Um dos principais motivos pelos quais cães e gatos são levados ao consultório ou clínica veterinária é a percepçãopor parte dos proprietários da alopecia. Diversas dermatopatias podem levar a este sintoma, em variados graus,e, acompanhados ou não de outros tipos de lesões. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de alopeciapor diluição da cor (ADC) e um caso de displasia folicular dos pelos pretos (DFPP), duas doenças consideradasraras. Os cães foram atendidos na Clínica Veterinária Animais em Pessoa, na cidade de João Pessoa – PB

One of the main reasons why dogs and cats are taken to the clinic or veterinary clinic is the perceptionby the owners of alopecia. Various skin diseases can lead to this symptom, in varying degrees, and withor without other lesions. The objective of this study is to report a clinical case of color dilution alopecia(CDA) and a case of black hair follicular dysplasia (BHFD), both considered rare diseases. The dogs weretreated at Animais em Pessoa Veterinary Clinic in the city of João Pessoa - PB.

Displasias foliculares em cães: relato de dois casos na cidade de João Pessoa - PB / Follicular dysplasia in dogs: report of two cases in the city of João Pessoa - PB

Um dos principais motivos pelos quais cães e gatos são levados ao consultório ou clínica veterinária é a percepçãopor parte dos proprietários da alopecia. Diversas dermatopatias podem levar a este sintoma, em variados graus,e, acompanhados ou não de outros tipos de lesões. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de alopeciapor diluição da cor (ADC) e um caso de displasia folicular dos pelos pretos (DFPP), duas doenças consideradasraras. Os cães foram atendidos na Clínica Veterinária Animais em Pessoa, na cidade de João Pessoa PB (AU)

One of the main reasons why dogs and cats are taken to the clinic or veterinary clinic is the perceptionby the owners of alopecia. Various skin diseases can lead to this symptom, in varying degrees, and withor without other lesions. The objective of this study is to report a clinical case of color dilution alopecia(CDA) and a case of black hair follicular dysplasia (BHFD), both considered rare diseases. The dogs weretreated at Animais em Pessoa Veterinary Clinic in the city of João Pessoa - PB. (AU)

Aspectos clínicos da dermatite atópica em cães oriundos de uma clínica especializada em dermatologia veterinária na cidade de Natal-RN / Clinical aspects of atopic dermatitis in dogs coming at a veterinary dermatology clinic in the cityof Natal, RN

A dermatite atópica canina é definida como uma enfermidade cutânea pruriginosa, com predisposiçãogenética, porém multifatorial. Desponta uma grande importância na área da dermatologia e alergologiaveterinária por corresponder a uma doença de curso crônico, com sintomatologia clássica, atípica ougrave. O presente trabalho objetivou a descrição clínica de cães atópicos oriundos da capital potiguarbrasileira. Analisaram-se 27 atendimentos com diagnóstico de dermatite atópica canina.Buscou-se caracterizar a enfermidade conforme a idade do animal,raça, gênero sinais clínicos (e respectivas localizaçõesanatômicas) e complicações secundárias.Dos 27 pacientes acometidos com dermatite atópica, 52% eram fêmeas e 48% machos. Dentre o padrão racial,houve predominância do Poodle (33,33%), seguido doMaltês (18,52%).Com relação à faixa etária, detectou-se uma média de 4,14 anos. O prurido foi evidenciadoem 100% dos animais, principalmente na região digital/interdigital. Dentre as complicações associadas, destacou-se a piodermite bacteriana e a otite, ambas com frequência de 29,63%. Para a localização das lesões, a forma disseminada foi a mais prevalente (48,15% dos casos). Em caninos nativos da capital potiguar do Brasil, com histórico de dermatopatia alérgica crônica, deve-se considerar a possibilidade de atopia.

The canine atopic dermatitis is defined as an itchy skin disease with genetic predisposition, howevermultifactorial. Great importance stands out in the field of veterinary dermatology and allergy as itcorresponds to achronic disease, with classic symptoms, atypicalor severe. The study aimed to a clinical description of atopic dogs coming from Natal, Brazil. Twenty seven (27) animals with a diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis were analyzed. It was sought to characterize the disease according to the animal’s age, race, sex, clinical signs (and their anatomical locations) as well as secondary complications. It was observed that out of the 27patients affected with atopic dermatitis, 52% were femalesand 48%males.Amongtheracial pattern, predominated Poodle(33,33%), followed by Maltese(18,52%).Regarding the age group, we detected an average of 4,14years.The it ching was evidenced in100% ofthe patients, mainly in the digital/interdigital region. Among the associated complications, bacterialpyoderma and otitis were noteworthy, both with frequency of29,63%. For the location of the lesions, it was perceived prevalence of disseminated kind, being present in 48,15% of the animals. In canine native of Natal in Brazil, with a history of chronic allergic skin disease, one should consider the possibilityof atopy.

Transmissible extragenital venereal tumor in impuberal canine

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is commonly observed in the external reproductive organs of sexually active canines. However, this tumor can unusually be identified in young dogs which have not reached reproductive capacity. In these latter animals, the tumor presentation is located in regions distant from the genitalia as integument and mucous membranes of body cavities. This study aimed to describe a case of TVT in a puppy dog. A seven month old female dog of the Labrador breed, had disseminated nodules in the skin and left conjunctival mucosa. Cytological examination of theproliferation was chosen, which led to the diagnosis of TVT. Since the dog showed no genital lesions, as she was impuberal,this was considered as an extragenital case. Chemotherapy protocol was established with vincristine sulfate, with completeremission of the lesion at the end of the fourth session. Later there was recurrence of the cutaneous TVT, being employedsalvage therapy with vinblastine. However there was tumor resistance to such a drug. Surgical excision of the recurrentlesion was performed. It was demonstrated that TVT may also be adapted to other tissues and affect not only dogs atreproductive age, but also those at the pre-pubertal age.(AU)

Aspectos clínicos da dermatite atópica em cães oriundos de uma clínica especializada em dermatologia veterinária na cidade de Natal-RN / Clinical aspects of atopic dermatitis in dogs coming at a veterinary dermatology clinic in the cityof Natal, RN

A dermatite atópica canina é definida como uma enfermidade cutânea pruriginosa, com predisposiçãogenética, porém multifatorial. Desponta uma grande importância na área da dermatologia e alergologiaveterinária por corresponder a uma doença de curso crônico, com sintomatologia clássica, atípica ougrave. O presente trabalho objetivou a descrição clínica de cães atópicos oriundos da capital potiguarbrasileira. Analisaram-se 27 atendimentos com diagnóstico de dermatite atópica canina.Buscou-se caracterizar a enfermidade conforme a idade do animal,raça, gênero sinais clínicos (e respectivas localizaçõesanatômicas) e complicações secundárias.Dos 27 pacientes acometidos com dermatite atópica, 52% eram fêmeas e 48% machos. Dentre o padrão racial,houve predominância do Poodle (33,33%), seguido doMaltês (18,52%).Com relação à faixa etária, detectou-se uma média de 4,14 anos. O prurido foi evidenciadoem 100% dos animais, principalmente na região digital/interdigital. Dentre as complicações associadas, destacou-se a piodermite bacteriana e a otite, ambas com frequência de 29,63%. Para a localização das lesões, a forma disseminada foi a mais prevalente (48,15% dos casos). Em caninos nativos da capital potiguar do Brasil, com histórico de dermatopatia alérgica crônica, deve-se considerar a possibilidade de atopia. (AU)

The canine atopic dermatitis is defined as an itchy skin disease with genetic predisposition, howevermultifactorial. Great importance stands out in the field of veterinary dermatology and allergy as itcorresponds to achronic disease, with classic symptoms, atypicalor severe. The study aimed to a clinical description of atopic dogs coming from Natal, Brazil. Twenty seven (27) animals with a diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis were analyzed. It was sought to characterize the disease according to the animals age, race, sex, clinical signs (and their anatomical locations) as well as secondary complications. It was observed that out of the 27patients affected with atopic dermatitis, 52% were femalesand 48%males.Amongtheracial pattern, predominated Poodle(33,33%), followed by Maltese(18,52%).Regarding the age group, we detected an average of 4,14years.The it ching was evidenced in100% ofthe patients, mainly in the digital/interdigital region. Among the associated complications, bacterialpyoderma and otitis were noteworthy, both with frequency of29,63%. For the location of the lesions, it was perceived prevalence of disseminated kind, being present in 48,15% of the animals. In canine native of Natal in Brazil, with a history of chronic allergic skin disease, one should consider the possibilityof atopy. (AU)

Transmissible extragenital venereal tumor in impuberal canine

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is commonly observed in the external reproductive organs of sexually active canines. However, this tumor can unusually be identified in young dogs which have not reached reproductive capacity. In these latter animals, the tumor presentation is located in regions distant from the genitalia as integument and mucous membranes of body cavities. This study aimed to describe a case of TVT in a puppy dog. A seven month old female dog of the Labrador breed, had disseminated nodules in the skin and left conjunctival mucosa. Cytological examination of theproliferation was chosen, which led to the diagnosis of TVT. Since the dog showed no genital lesions, as she was impuberal,this was considered as an extragenital case. Chemotherapy protocol was established with vincristine sulfate, with completeremission of the lesion at the end of the fourth session. Later there was recurrence of the cutaneous TVT, being employedsalvage therapy with vinblastine. However there was tumor resistance to such a drug. Surgical excision of the recurrentlesion was performed. It was demonstrated that TVT may also be adapted to other tissues and affect not only dogs atreproductive age, but also those at the pre-pubertal age.