Contamination characteristics in runoff fractions from a nuclear facility in São Paulo, Brazil.

The stormwater runoff may act as a nonpoint pollutant source and contributes to aquatic ecosystem quality decay in urban environments. The aim of this work was to evaluate the runoff characteristics on the transport of total solids and total metals, as well as pH and conductivity responses during the rainfall evolution. During 2017 and 2018, 12 rain events were monitored in 4 sampling stations at a car parking lot located at Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN) in São Paulo/Brazil. A 4-chamber integrated collector allowed the sequential/temporal runoff evolution assessment. The runoff composition, in decreasing order of quantities, was Ca > K > Mg > Si > Al > Fe > Na > Zn > Mn > Sr > Ti > Mo > V > Cu > B > Pb > Ni > Ce > Sb > Cr > La > U > Th > Cd. The amount of total solids, Al, and Fe exceeded the Brazilian water quality standards. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified the elemental clusters linked to the facility activity, soil, and traffic/atmospheric-related deposition. The results show that the runoff characteristics could be differentiated by pollutant source. Factors such as seasonal variation, rain event intensity, air mass from oceanic or continental origin, spatial distribution inside the monitoring area, and the intensity of the first flush must be considered in order to disentangle the elemental clusters and pollution source contributions. In winter, continental air masses were associated with higher concentrations of heavy metals in the surface runoff. Spatial changes with no seasonal variation were observed for U, Th, La, and Ce.

Salvinia auriculata: chemical profile and biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis.

The aquatic plant Salvinia auriculata has been shown to possess promising properties for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bovine mastitis. The disease affects cattle health and compromises dairy cattle productivity, resulting in reduced milk production and higher mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity, and toxicity of S. auriculata root extracts using bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T); determine the chemical composition of the most active extract; and develop an S. auriculata antiseptic solution for pre- and post-milking teat disinfection. Plants were collected during the four seasons of the year. The most active hexane extract was subjected to bioguided fractionation, which resulted in the isolation of six known compounds, stigmast-22-ene-3,6-dione, stigmasterol, friedelinol, ß-sitosterol, octadecyl alcohol, and octadecanoic acid. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the most active extract and isolated compounds were determined against nine S. aureus strains isolated from cows with mastitis. The efficacy of the S. auriculata teat dip formulation was tested using an excised teat model (ex vivo), and promising results were obtained. The S. auriculata extract formulation proved to be as effective as commercial antimicrobials in reducing log counts in excised teats.

Discovery of highly potent and selective antiparasitic new oxadiazole and hydroxy-oxindole small molecule hybrids.

A series of highly active hybrids were discovered as novel antiparasitic agents. Two heterocyclic scaffolds (1,2,4-oxadiazole and 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole) were linked, and the resulting compounds showed in vitro activities against intracellular amastigotes of two protozoan parasites, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum. Their cytotoxicity was assessed using HFF-1 fibroblasts and HepG2 hepatocytes. Compounds 5b, 5d, 8h and 8o showed selectivity against L. infantum (IC50 values of 3.89, 2.38, 2.50 and 2.85 µM, respectively). Compounds 4c, 4q, 8a and 8k were the most potent against T. cruzi, exhibiting IC50 values of 6.20, 2.20, 2.30 and 2.20 µM, respectively. Additionally, the most potent anti-T. cruzi compounds showed in vitro efficacies comparable or superior to that of benznidazole. These easy-to-synthesize molecules represent novel chemotypes for the design of potent and selective lead compounds for Chagas disease and leishmaniasis drug discovery.

Synthesis of 1,4,6-Tricarbonyl Compounds via Regioselective Gold(I)-Catalyzed Alkyne Hydration and Their Application in the Synthesis of α-Arylidene-butyrolactones.

We report a direct, straightforward, and regioselective hydration of 1,4-enynes designed from Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts. Under smooth conditions and short reaction times, gold-catalyzed hydration of internal alkynes provides synthetically useful ketones as single regioisomers in yields higher than 90%. The synthetic usefulness of this protocol was demonstrated by the conversion of selected ketones into biologically valuable α-alkylidene-γ-lactones upon reduction with sodium borohydride. In the course of the scope evaluation, we discovered that this methodology could also furnish α-arylidene-ß,γ-butenolides.

Implementação e implantação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem / Implementation and implantation of the Systematization of Nursing Assistance

Objetivo: relatar a experiência da criação de uma comissão para a implantação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, realizado em novembro de 2017. A comissão foi designada pela Divisão de Enfermagem com a finalidade de implantar a SAE na instituição e o software para a prescrição de Enfermagem. A comissão desenvolveu seu regimento interno e promoveu treinamentos aos seus enfermeiros para capacitá-los quanto ao uso da ferramenta, etapas da SAE e sensibilização para realizá-la. Resultados: como resultado obtido, o serviço implantou a SAE em todas as unidades de internamento. Conclusão: a instituição da comissão exibiu cenário recente no campo de conhecimento sobre a prática do processo de Enfermagem e que existem lacunas na literatura sobre a criação e atividades de comissões ou comitês para o assessoramento da implantação e a gestão da SAE. Nessa perspectiva, este relato poderá contribuir como referência para estudos sobre gestão da SAE nos serviços de saúde.(AU)

Early Weaning as a Risk Factor for Deleterious Oral Habits in 3-5 Year- Old Children

Objective: To verify the association between early weaning, sociodemographic variables and deleterious oral habits in 3-5 year-old Brazilian children. Material and Methods: Retrospective observational study with longitudinal design used a random sample of 150 children representing a population of 388 children enrolled in public schools of Domingos Martins, Brazil. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire aimed at parents / guardians. The dependent variable considered for analysis was the presence of habits - pacifier and finger sucking - and as explanatory variables: gender, age, early weaning and socioeconomic status. Early weaning was considered when exclusive breastfeeding was suspended before six months of age. Chisquare test was used to verify association among variables. Significance level adopted was 5%. To check the strength of association, Odds Ratio and 95% confidence intervals were used. Results: Significant association was found between variables age of 4 and 5 years (p = 0.030, OR = 2.193, CI = 1.029; 4.673) and early weaning (p = 0.001, OR = 5.045, CI = 2.087; 12.199) with pacifier sucking habit. Conclusion: Association between age, early weaning and pacifier sucking habits was observed. Early weaning can be considered a risk factor for pacifier sucking habit.

Chemical Constituents and an Alternative Medicinal Veterinary Herbal Soap Made from Senna macranthera.

Upon undergoing biomonitoring, the most active dichloromethane extract retrieved from Senna macranthera roots led to the isolation of three main compounds: emodine, physione, and chrysophanol. In this sequence, these compounds revealed a potential antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from animals with mastitis infections with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 20, 90, and 90 µg mL(-1), respectively. Therefore, an herbal soap was also produced from this same active extract. This soap was tested in vitro using gloves contaminated by animals with bovine mastitis that had been discarded after use by milkers and showed similar results to previously tested compounds. These results indicate the potential of this plant as an alternative veterinary medicine for the production of antibacterial soaps that aimed at controlling bovine mastitis infections in small Brazilian farms.

Antibacterial Chemical Constituent and Antiseptic Herbal Soap from Salvinia auriculata Aubl.

The bioassay-guided isolation of the active extract of Salvinia auriculata Aubl. led to the separation of three main compounds, characterized as stigmasterone, stigmasterol, and friedelinol. The pure form of diketosteroid presented a potential antibacterial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.01 mg mL(-1) against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from animals with mastitis infections. The active extract also showed a similar result to that previously obtained with pure diketosteroid when tested with the same isolates. The present study's results demonstrate the potential of this plant as an excipient for the production of antibacterial soaps aimed at controlling bovine mastitis infections, especially on small farms.