Applying ONCO-RADS to whole-body MRI cancer screening in a retrospective cohort of asymptomatic individuals.

BACKGROUND: Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) has emerged as a valuable tool for cancer detection. This study evaluated the prevalence rates of cancer in asymptomatic individuals undergoing WB-MRI according to the Oncologically Relevant Findings Reporting and Data System (ONCO-RADS) classifications in order to assess the reliability of the classification method. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 2064 asymptomatic individuals who participated in a WB-MRI cancer screening program between 2017 and 2022. WB-MRI was acquired on a 3-T system with a standard protocol, including regional multisequence and gadolinium-based contrast agent-enhanced oncologic MRI. Results of further examinations, including additional imaging and histopathology examinations, performed at our institute were used to validate the WB-MRI findings. Two radiologists blinded to the clinical outcome classified the WB-MRI findings according to the ONCO-RADS categories as follows: 1 (normal), 2 (benign finding highly likely), 3 (benign finding likely), 4 (malignant finding likely), and 5 (malignant finding highly likely). Firth logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the associations between participant characteristics and findings of ONCO-RADS category ≥ 4. RESULTS: Of the 2064 participants with median age of 55 years, 1120 (54.3%) were men, 43 (2.1%) had findings of ONCO-RADS category ≥ 4, and 24 (1.2%) had confirmed cancer. The cancer prevalence rates were 0.1%, 5.4%, 42.9%, and 75% for ONCO-RADS categories 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. In the multivariable model, older age (OR: 1.035, p = 0.029) and history of hypertension (OR: 2.051, p = 0.026), hepatitis B carrier (OR: 2.584, p = 0.013), or prior surgery (OR: 3.787, p < 0.001) were independently associated with the findings for ONCO-RADS category ≥ 4. CONCLUSIONS: The ONCO-RADS categories for cancer risk stratification were validated and found to be positively correlated with cancer risk. The application of ONCO-RADS facilitates risk-based management after WB-MRI for cancer screening.

A Case of Tubular Adenoma of Gallbladder Diagnosed Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been used to diagnose gallbladder (GB) diseases for recent years because it is sensitive to visualize vascularity. Herein, we report a case who had a 1.7 cm × 1.2 cm polypoid lesion located in the gallbladder fundus with a feeding artery located in the stalk. On CEUS, the lesion showed early arterial phase enhancement (time to peak enhancement 18 s), persisting throughout the venous and delay phases. This enhancing pattern suggested that the lesion was a GB adenoma rather than a GB carcinoma. Cholecystectomy was performed, and pathology of the tissue revealed tubular adenoma of the GB.

Laser and Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agent Treatments for Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm.

PURPOSE: To describe the efficacy of laser and intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents for patients with symptomatic retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM). DESIGN: From 2009 to 2016, we collected patients with exudative or hemorrhagic RAM all treated by focal laser photocoagulation. METHODS: Nd:YAG laser was performed in patients with subinternal limiting membrane (sub-ILM) hemorrhage. Intravitreal anti-VEGF agents were given in eyes with macular exudation as adjuncts. Changes of visual acuity and central foveal thickness before and after treatment were recorded and compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: Thirty-five eyes that underwent a single session of laser photocoagulation for RAM resulted in macroaneurysm regression. The hemorrhagic group included 24 eyes having ruptured macroaneurysms without macular exudation. Five eyes with simultaneous sub-ILM hemorrhage receiving Nd:YAG laser membranotomy had resolution of preretinal hemorrhage. Exudative RAM having cystoid macular edema or submacular fluid with or without ruptured macroaneurysms was treated by focal laser photocoagulation alone in 3, or combined with single intravitreal anti-VEGF agent in 8 eyes. All patients had significantly improved vision when comparing visual acuity at baseline and final follow-up (P = 0.00016). Significant reduction of macular thickness was also observed after laser monotherapy or combined treatment in exudative RAM (P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Focal laser photocoagulation was helpful for the management of ruptured or leaky RAM. Combined focal laser and intravitreal anti-VEGF agents could better reduce macular exudation caused by RAM. Additionally, Nd:YAG laser was a safe and effective method to remove the sub-ILM hemorrhage caused by RAM.

A General Fuzzy Cerebellar Model Neural Network Multidimensional Classifier Using Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets for Medical Identification.

The diversity of medical factors makes the analysis and judgment of uncertainty one of the challenges of medical diagnosis. A well-designed classification and judgment system for medical uncertainty can increase the rate of correct medical diagnosis. In this paper, a new multidimensional classifier is proposed by using an intelligent algorithm, which is the general fuzzy cerebellar model neural network (GFCMNN). To obtain more information about uncertainty, an intuitionistic fuzzy linguistic term is employed to describe medical features. The solution of classification is obtained by a similarity measurement. The advantages of the novel classifier proposed here are drawn out by comparing the same medical example under the methods of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and intuitionistic fuzzy cross-entropy (IFCE) with different score functions. Cross verification experiments are also taken to further test the classification ability of the GFCMNN multidimensional classifier. All of these experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed GFCMNN multidimensional classifier and point out that it can assist in supporting for correct medical diagnoses associated with multiple categories.