Study of Synthesis of Dual-Curing Thermoplastic Polyurethane Hot-Melt Adhesive and Optimization by Using Gray Relational Analysis to Apply in Fabric Industry to Solve Seamless Bonding Issues.

People wear clothes for warmth, survival and necessity in modern life, but in the modern era, eco-friendliness, shortened production times, design and intelligence also matter. To determine the relationship between data series and verify the proximity of each data series, a gray relational analysis, or GRA, is applied to textiles, where seamless bonding technology enhances the bond between components. In this study, a polyurethane prepolymer, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) as an end-capping agent and n-octyl acrylate (ODA) as a photoinitiator were used to synthesize a dual-curing polyurethane hot-melt adhesive. Taguchi quality engineering and a gray relational analysis were used to discuss the influence of different mole ratios of NCO:OH and the effect of the molar ratio of the addition of octyl decyl acrylate on the mechanical strength. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed the termination of the prepolymer's polymerization reaction and the C=O peak intensity at 1730 cm-1, indicating efficient bonding to the main chain. Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC) was used to investigate the high-molecular-weight (20,000-30,000) polyurethane polymer bonded with octyl decyl acrylate to achieve a photothermosetting effect. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of the polyurethane hot-melt adhesive also increased, and they showed the highest pyrolysis temperature (349.89 °C) for the polyhydric alcohols. Furthermore, high peel strength (1.68 kg/cm) and shear strength (34.94 kg/cm2) values were detected with the dual-cure photothermosetting polyurethane hot-melt adhesive. The signal-to-noise ratio was also used to generate the gray relational degree. It was observed that the best parameter ratio of NCO:OH was 4:1 with five moles of monomer. The Taguchi quality engineering method was used to find the parameters of single-quality optimization, and then the gray relation calculation was used to obtain the parameter combination of multi-quality optimization for thermosetting the polyurethane hot-melt adhesive. The study aims to meet the requirements of seamless bonding in textile factories and optimize experimental parameter design by setting target values that can effectively increase production speed and reduce processing time and costs as well.

PHB2 Alleviates Neurotoxicity of Prion Peptide PrP106-126 via PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy.

Prion diseases are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death. Mitophagy is a selective form of macroautophagy that clears injured mitochondria. Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) has been identified as a novel inner membrane mitophagy receptor that mediates mitophagy. However, the role of PHB2 in prion diseases remains unclear. In this study, we isolated primary cortical neurons from rats and used the neurotoxic prion peptide PrP106-126 as a cell model for prion diseases. We examined the role of PHB2 in PrP106-126-induced mitophagy using Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy and assessed the function of PHB2 in PrP106-126-induced neuronal death using the cell viability assay and the TUNEL assay. The results showed that PrP106-126 induced mitochondrial morphological abnormalities and mitophagy in primary cortical neurons. PHB2 was found to be indispensable for PrP106-126-induced mitophagy and was involved in the accumulation of PINK1 and recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria in primary neurons. Additionally, PHB2 depletion exacerbated neuronal cell death induced by PrP106-126, whereas the overexpression of PHB2 alleviated PrP106-126 neuronal toxicity. Taken together, this study demonstrated that PHB2 is indispensable for PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in PrP106-126-treated neurons and protects neurons against the neurotoxicity of the prion peptide.

Design of Acrylate-Terminated Polyurethane for Nylon Seamless Bonding Fabric Part I: Design of the End-Capping Thermoplastic Polyurethane Adhesive with Acrylate Copolymer.

This series of studies aims to design acrylate-terminated polyurethanes for use in nylon seamless bonded fabrics. The first part used N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) to replace the chain extender in polyurethane synthesis as end-capping agent to synthesize thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) adhesive. The molecular weight of the TPU is controlled to further influence the mechanical and processing properties of the polyurethane. Here, polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG) and 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) were polymerized, and then a blocking agent was added thereto. The results show that the characteristic peaks of benzene ring and carbamate of TPU adhesive are at 1596 cm-1 and 1413 cm-1, respectively, while the characteristic peaks of DMAA are at 1644 cm-1 and 1642 cm-1 in the FT-IR spectrum. There is an absorption peak -N=C=O- which is not shown near 2268 cm-1, which proves that the structure of TPU contains the molecular structure of capping agent, PTMG and MDI. When the DMAA concentration in the capping agent was increased from 3.0 wt% to 10 wt%, the -C=O (H-bond) area percentage of hydrogen bonds formed at 1711 cm-1 increased from 41.7% to 57.6%, while the -NH (H bond) produced at 3330 cm-1 increased from 70% to 81%. These phenomena suggest that increasing the concentration of DMAA capping agent can effectively promote the formation of complex supramolecular network structures by hydrogen bonding in TPU. The content and concentration of the capping agent affects the molecular weight of the TPU. Chain growth is terminated when molecular weight growth can be effectively controlled and reduced. It was observed in thermal analysis that with increasing DMAA concentration in the molecular structure, the concentration of capping agent in TPU, hydrogen bonding force between hard segments, melting point (Tmh) and melting enthalpy (ΔH) all increased the capping agent. The pyrolysis temperature of TPU is increased by 10-20 °C.

Event-based landslide susceptibility models in Shihmen watershed, Taiwan: accounting for the characteristics of rainfall events.

When performing a landslide susceptibility analysis, a model is usually established on the basis of a multi-temporal or event-triggered landslide inventory. Because multi-temporal landslide inventories for most areas are rarely available, an event-triggered landslide inventory is often used, but the result depends on the selection of single event. In order to establish a landslide susceptibility model with a good prediction performance, the present study tried to find out how to select a single event-triggered landslide inventory, and investigated the effect of various combinations of event inventories. We selected Shihmen reservoir watershed as the research area, conducted a logistic regression analysis to build 23 event-based landslide susceptibility models and one multi-year landslide susceptibility model, and estimated the performance of these models. In addition, this study further assessed the influence of event characteristics on the model prediction performance, used the above results to merge two different events, and then established models based on these combinations. The results indicated that when establishing an event-based landslide susceptibility model, selecting events with suitable rainfall return periods and landslide density can yield robust models with relatively high predictive ability. Furthermore, the combination of two events which negatively correlate with each other in rainfall spatial distributions can enhance a model's predictive ability and modeling efficiency.

Determination of immunosuppressive drugs in human urine and serum by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction.

A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of immunosuppressive drugs through surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric detection (SALDI/MS) was developed. Colloidal Pd and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) were used as the SALDI co-matrix. To eliminate interference and enhance the sensitivity, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was employed to extract the immunosuppressive drugs from the aqueous solutions. Under optimal extraction and detection conditions, calibration curves for cyclosporine and everolimus in aqueous solutions were linear over a concentration range from 0.01 to 1.20 µM. For sirolimus, the linear concentration range of the calibration curve was from 0.05 to 2.00 µM. The limits of detection (LODs) were calculated to be 3, 3, and 14 nM for cyclosporine, everolimus, and sirolimus, respectively. The enrichment factors of DLLME were calculated to be 108, 122, and 101 for cyclosporine, everolimus, and sirolimus, respectively. This novel method was successfully applied for the determination of immunosuppressive drugs in human urine and serum samples.

Detection of posaconazole by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction.

A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the detection of posaconazole using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled to surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric detection (SALDI/MS) was developed. After the DLLME, posaconazole was detected using SALDI/MS with colloidal gold and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) as the co-matrix. Under optimal extraction and detection conditions, the calibration curve, which ranged from 1.0 to 100.0 nM for posaconazole, was observed to be linear. The limit of detection (LOD) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 0.3 nM for posaconazole. This novel method was successfully applied to the determination of posaconazole in human urine samples.