1,10-Phenanthroline-based periodic mesoporous organosilica: from its synthesis to its application in the cobalt-catalyzed alkyne hydrosilylation.

1,10-Phenanthroline (Phen) is a typical ligand for metal complexation and various metal/Phen complexes have been applied as a catalyst in several organic transformations. This study reports the synthesis of a Phen-based periodic mesoporous organosilica (Phen-PMO) with the Phen moieties being directly incorporated into the organosilica framework. The Phen-PMO precursor, 3,8-bis[(triisopropoxysilyl)methyl]-1,10-phenanthroline (1a), was prepared via the Kumada-Tamao-Corriu cross-coupling of 3,8-dibromo-1,10-phenanthroline and [(triisopropoxysilyl)methyl]magnesium chloride. The co-condensation of 1a and 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane in the presence of P123 as the template surfactant afforded Phen-PMO 3 with an ordered 2-D hexagonal mesoporous structure as confirmed by nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, X-ray diffraction, and transition electron microscopy. Co(OAc)2 was immobilized on Phen-PMO 3, and the obtained complex showed good catalytic activity for the hydrosilylation reaction of phenylacetylene with phenylsilane.

[Effects of starvation on the consumption of energy sources and swimming performance in juvenile Gambusia affinis and Tanichthys albonubes].

To explore the consumption of energy sources and swimming performance of juvenile Gambusia affinis and Tanichthys albonubes after starvation, contents of glycogen, lipid and protein, burst swimming speeds (Uburst), and critical swimming speeds (Ucrit) at different starvation times (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days) were evaluated. The results showed that, at 0 day, contents of glycogen and lipid were significantly lower in G. affinis than those in T. albonubes, whereas no significant difference in content of protein between two experimental fish was found. Swimming speeds in G. affinis were significantly lower than those in T. albonubes for all swimming performances. After different starvation scenarios, content of glycogen both in G. affinis and T. albonubes decreased significantly in power function trend with starvation time and were close to zero after starvation for 10 days, whereas the contents of lipid and protein were linearly significantly decreased. The slope of line regression equation between content of lipid and starvation time in G. affinis was significantly lower than that in T. albonubes, whereas there was a significantly higher slope of line equation between content of protein and starvation time in G. affinis. 40 days later, the consumption rate of glycogen both in G. affinis and T. albonubes were significantly higher than that of lipid, while the consumption rate of protein was the least. Consumption amounts of glycogen in all experimental fish were the least, G. affinis consumed more protein than lipid, and T. albonubes consumed more lipid than protein. Uburst and Ucrit decreased significantly linearly with starvation time for all experimental fish. Slope of linear equation between Uburst and starvation time was not significantly different between G. affinis and T. albonubes. However, the straight slope between Ucrit and starvation time was significantly lower in G. affinis than that in T. albonubes. These findings indicated that there was close relationship between the consumption of energy sources and swimming performance in starvation. Although the store amounts of energy sources and swimming performance were lower in G. affinis than those in T. albonubes, G. affinis mainly used protein during starvation. The result of more stable lipid content and Ucrit in G. affinis in starvation compared with that in T. albonubes indicated that G. affinis had a fair endurance to starvation, which helped them to adapt to the poor nutrition environment in stream habitat.

[Sexual dimorphism and its relationship with swimming performance in Tanichthys albonubes under laboratory conditions.] / å®žéªŒå®¤æ¡ä»¶ä¸‹å”é±¼ä¸¤æ€§å¼‚å½¢åŠå ¶ä¸Žæ¸¸æ³³èƒ½åŠ›å ³ç³».

To explore the sexual dimorphism of Tanichthys albonubes and its relationship with swimming performances, the morphological characteristics of fins and trunks of male and female T. albonubes were measured and analyzed by using multivariate statistical analysis methods, aiming to explore the difference and its mechanism of swimming performance between male and female under different selected pressure in long-term evolution period and then, providing meaningful information for the protection of T. albonubes. The results showed that body lengths, head depths and breadths, caudal fin areas, distances of snout tip to occipital bone terminus and ventral fin origin to dorsal fin terminus had no significant difference between male and female T. albonubes. The females had significantly higher values in head depths, body breadths, distances of ventral fin origin to dorsal fin origin, snout tip to dorsal fin and to anal fin origin, occipital bone terminus to dorsal fin origin than those in the males. However, head lengths, pectoral fin, dorsal fin, ventral fin and anal fin areas were significantly lower in the females. The results of principal component analysis showed that the contribution rate of the first principal component (PC1) was 74.2%. Obviously loading factors were body lengths, depths and breadths, head lengths, breadths and depths and the distances of each fin mainly reflecting body overall characteristic parameters of T. albonubes. For the second principal component (PC2), the contribution rate was 15.7% and the obviously loading factors were pectoral fin, dorsal fin, ventral fin and anal fin areas which mainly reflected the characteristic parameters of fins. The gender identification of T. albonubes was indistinguishable on PC1, but could be obviously distinguished from PC2. Accuracy rates of sexual discriminant equation which was established by pectoral fin, dorsal fin, ventral fin and anal fin areas and body breadths were 91.8%-92.5%. The results of swimming performance showed that burst swimming speeds (Uburst) had no significant difference between male and female T. albonubes. However, the critical swimming speeds (Ucrit) were significantly decreased in the females than in the males. The findings indicated that the sexual dimorphism of T. albonubes was mainly concentrated on fin characteristics associating with swimming performance. Also having lower Ucrit due to its lower pectoral fins areas than the male, the female T. albonubes had longer hindquarters cadres to ensure high Uburst which facilitated them to avoid predators and other emergency events in volatile streams. Larger fin areas than in the female caused higher Ucirt in the male contributing to chasing female in breeding period and other persistent exercises.