Child body mass index in four cities of East China compared to Western references.

BACKGROUND: The rising trends in child obesity worldwide are poorly documented in China. AIM: The present study compared the distribution of body mass index (BMI) by age in children from four cities in East China with Western references. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 94 370 boys and 90 048 girls aged 0-19 years from Shanghai, Jinan, Xuzhou and Hefei were measured in 1999-2004 for length/height and weight. The LMS method was used to construct BMI centiles for each city. Shanghai children aged 0-6 years in 1986 and US and UK BMI references were used for comparison. RESULTS: The median BMI curves for the four cities differed in shape from those for the USA and UK. Chinese boys were fatter than US boys in early to mid-childhood but less so in adolescence, and US boys were fatter at age 18. Within China the adiposity rebound was earlier in boys than girls. Shanghai children were appreciably fatter in 2000 than in 1986, and boys more so than girls. CONCLUSIONS: The roots of child obesity lie in early life, particularly in boys, and are linked to economic development, which has important implications for both the aetiology of child obesity and the health of current and future Chinese children.

[Effects of Huafenqinutang and vardenafil for treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome with concomitant erectile dysfunction].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Huafenqinutang combined with vardenafil for the treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) with erectile dysfunction. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-eight cases diagnosed as CP/CPPS with erectile dysfunction were randomized into trial group (70 cases) and control group (68 cases) for treatment with Huafenqinutang for 8 weeks, and in the former group, vardenaffil was added since the fifth weeks. All the cases were evaluated according to NIH-CPSI and IIEF-5 scores at 4 weeks and 8 weeks, respectively. RESULTS: At the end of the fourth weeks, NIH-CPSI score was 13.1-/+4.7 in the trial group and 13.3-/+4.5 in the control group, which were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05) but significantly decreased compared with the pre-treatment scores in both groups (P<0.01). IIEF-5 score was also similar between the two groups (14.1-/+3.3 vs 14.3-/+5.0, P>0.05) but significantly increased compared with the pre-treatment scores in both groups (P<0.01). At the end of the eighth week, NIH-CPSI score was 7.8-/+2.2 and IIEF-5 score 20.1-/+4.4 in the trial group, which were significantly different from those at the end of the fourth week (P<0.01). In the control group, NIH-CPSI score was 12.7-/+2.3 and IIEF-5 score 14.3-/+4.5 at the eighth week, similar to those at the end of the fourth week (P>0.05). There were significant differences in NIH-CPSI and IIEF-5 scores between the 2 groups (P<0.01), and the change of NIH-CPSI score was negatively correlated with IIEF-5 score in the trial group (r=-0.89, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: For patients with CP/CPPS with erectile dysfunction, Huafenqinutang treatment in combination with vardenafil can effectively improve the erectile functions and decrease the NIH-CPSI score to favor the recovery from CP/CPPS.

[Treatment of recurrent condyloma acuminatum with solid lipid nanoparticle gel containing podophyllotoxin: a randomized double-blinded, controlled clinical trial].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of podophyllotoxin delivered via solid lipid nanoparticle gel for topic treatment of recurrent condyloma acuminatum. METHODS: In a randomized double-blinded study, podophyllotoxin solid lipid nanoparticles gel and routine podophyllotoxin gel preparation was applied respectively for treatment of 97 volunteer patients with recurrent condyloma acuminatum. The therapeutic effect, condyloma acuminatum relapse following the treatment and adverse effect were evaluated. RESULTS: The wart clearance rate in the condyloma acuminatum patients in the first treatment course with podophyllotoxin solid lipid nanoparticle gel reached 97.1%, close to that with the routine preparation of 90.6%, but the nanoparticle preparation significantly reduced the recurrence rate and adverse effect (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Podophyllotoxin delivered via solid lipid nanoparticle gel can effectively clear condyloma acuminatum and reduce its recurrence rate with only mild, tolerable adverse effect.

[Effect of terbinafine in treating onychomycosis in children: clinical observation of 88 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect and safety of terbinafine in treating onychomycosis in children. METHODS: Terbinafine was used to treat 50 children with fingernail onychomycosis and 38 with toenail onychomycosis, and the efficacy, fungal clearance and safety of the drug were evaluated. RESULTS: The clinical cure rate and total effective rate were 92.1% and 97.37%, respectively, for fingernail onychomycosis, and 86.36% and 93.94% for toenail onychomycosis, with fungal clearance rate of 96.59%. No serious side-effects was observed in the children receiving terbinafine therapy. CONCLUSION: Terbinafine is effective and safe for the treatment of onychomycosis in children.

[Preparation of stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles containing podophyllotoxin].

OBJECTIVE: To improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the adverse effect of podophyllotoxin (PPT) by wrapping it in stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles. METHODS: Stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles containing podophyllotoxin was prepared using modified microemulsion technique, whose morphology was examined by transmission electron microscope. High-performance of liquid chromatography was employed to determine the entrapment efficiency of PPT in the nanoparticles. RESULT: The entrapment efficiency of PPT in the nanoparticles was 85.6% and the mean diameter of the particles was 56.5+/-25.8 nm. CONCLUSION: The stearic acid solid lipid nanoparticles has high entrapment efficiency for PPT and is homogeneous in size, which can be a promising targeted preparation for epidermal delivery.

[Preparation and characterization of podophyllotoxin-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine proliposome].

OBJECTIVE: To prepare podophyllotoxin-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (PPT-DPPC) proliposomes (PPT-DPPC-PL) for improvement of the stability of PPT-DPPC liposome. METHODS: Freeze-drying method was used to prepare PPT-DPPC-PL, and the particle morphology, size range, encapsulation efficiency and stability of PPT-DPPC liposome were investigated. RESULTS: After hydration of PPT-DPPC-PL, PPT-DPPC liposome appeared multivesicular under electron microscope and the particles were distributed homogeneously with an average particle size of 1.45+/-0.38 microm. The encapsulation efficiency of PPT was 72.3%, and after storage at 4 to 40 degrees Celsius; for 1 to 6 months, the proliposome remained stable. CONCLUSION: The prepared PPT-DPPC-PL particles by freeze-drying method are evenly distributed. The preparation method is relatively simple with higher embedding ratio and better stability.