[Correlation Analysis between c.1365-13T>C and c.406C>T Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and the Risk of G6PD Deficiency].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible association between c.1365-13T>C, c.406C>T polymorphism and G6PD deficiency in the population of Guangxi by the methods of case-control study. Meanwhile to investigate the mutation frequency of these two gene loci in population of Guangxi. METHODS: The activity levels of G6PD and c.1365-13T>C, c.406C>T polymorphism were detected in 417 patients with G6PD deficiency and 295 healthy controls. The correlation between genotypes, alleles and G6PD activity levels was analyzed using statistical methods, and the haplotype frequencies at the two loci was analyzed using online SHEsis software. RESULTS: The frequencies of CC genotype (P=0.001, OR=2.684) and C allele (P=0.002, OR=1.681) of c.1365-13T>C in patients with G6PD deficiency were significant lower than those in the controls, the frequency of dominant model TT+TC vs CC（P=0.001, OR=2.694） in the G6PD deficiency group was higher than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. The differences of genotype and allele frequencies in c.406C>T between G6PD deficiency patients and controls had no statistical significance (all P>0.05). Haplotype analysis showed that there were significant correlations between C-C, T-C haplotypes and G6PD expression levels. In G6PD deficiency group, patients with c.1365-13T>C TC genotype had higher levels of G6PD activity, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) compared with patients with TT genogype, but the values of red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV) was lower than those in TT genotype patients, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). While patients with c.1365-13T>C CC genotype had lower levels of G6PD activity compared with patients with TT genogype, but the values of MCV and MCH were higher than those in TT genotype patients (P<0.05). The average values of hematocrit(HCT), MCV, MCH and red blood cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD) in patients with c. 406C> T TT genotype were significantly higher than those in patients with c. 406C> T CC genotype.(all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The association between G6PD c.1365-13T>C and the activity levels of G6PD is statistically significant, which is worth further study.

The durability of resin-dentine bonds are enhanced by epigallocatechin-3-gallate-encapsulated nanohydroxyapatite/mesoporous silica.

Biomimetic nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) has long been used as a biocompatible material for bone repair, bone regeneration, and bone reconstruction due to its low toxicity to local or systemic tissues. Various cross-linkers have been employed to maintain the structure of collagen; these include epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which can fortify the mechanical properties of collagen and withstand the degradation of collagenase. We hypothesized that EGCG combined with nHAp may promote resin-dentin bonding durability. Here, we examined the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate-encapsulated nanohydroxyapatite/mesoporous silica (EGCG@nHAp@MSN) on thermal stability and remineralization capability of dentin collagen. Dentin slices (2 × 2 × 1 mm3 ) were obtained and completely demineralized in a 10% phosphoric acid water solution. The resulting dentin collagen matrix was incubated with deionized water, EGCG, nHAp@MSN, and EGCG@nHAp@MSN. The collagen thermal degradation temperature was assessed utilizing differential scanning calorimetry analysis, which indicated that EGCG, nHAp@MSN, and EGCG@nHAp@MSN reinforced collagen's capability to resist thermal degradation. EGCG@nHAp@MSN resulted in the highest increase in denaturation temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that both nHAp@MSN and EGCG@nHAp@MSN achieved a higher residual mass than the EGCG and control groups. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to examine the interaction between EGCG@nHAp@MSN and dentin collagen. The EGCG@nHAp@MSN sample exhibited stronger dentin microhardness and uppermost bond strength after thermocycling. EGCG significantly enhanced collagen's capability to resist thermal degradation. In summary, EGCG and nHAp@MSN may work together to assist the exposed collagen to improve resistance to thermal cycling and promote remineralization while also strengthening the durability of resin-dentin bonds.

Analysis of the Expression and Prognostic Value of MSH2 in Pan-Cancer Based on Bioinformatics.

BACKGROUND: MutS homolog 2 (MSH2), with the function of identifying mismatches and participating in DNA repair, is the "housekeeping gene" in the mismatch repair (MMR) system. MSH2 deficiency has been reported to enhance cancer susceptibility for the association of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. However, the expression and prognostic significance of MSH2 have not been studied from the perspective of pan-cancer. METHODS: The GTEx database was used to analyze the expression of MSH2 in normal tissues. The TCGA database was used to analyze the differential expression of MSH2 in pan-cancers. The prognostic value of MSH2 in pan-cancer was assessed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Spearman correlations were used to measure the relationship between the expression level of MSH2 in pan-cancer and the level of immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI). RESULTS: MSH2 is highly expressed in most type of cancers and significantly correlated with prognosis. In COAD, KIRC, LIHC, and SKCM, the expression of MSH2 was significantly positively correlated with the abundance of B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. In THCA, MSH2 expression correlated with CD8+T Cell showed a significant negative correlation. MSH2 had significantly negative correlations with stromal score and immune score in a variety of cancers and significantly correlated with TMB and MSI of a variety of tumors. CONCLUSIONS: MSH2 may play an important role in the occurrence, development, and immune infiltration of cancer. MSH2 can emerge as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.