Lay attitudes to dental appearance and need for orthodontic treatment.

In provision of advice about aesthetic treatment need, visual stimuli as a tool in communication may have some advantages compared with verbal descriptions, in particular when children are addressed. The Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need is an illustrated scale for rating of dental attractiveness developed in the UK and based on lay adults' ratings of dental photographs. This scale has also been recommended for use in patient education. The purpose of the present study was to establish a sociocultural standard of reference for Norway related to the AC, in order to examine the applicability of the scale as a tool in patient information. Samples of 137 children, 126 of their parents and 98 young adults were shown the 10 photographs comprising the AC. The subjects were asked to assess the photographs for dental attractiveness and orthodontic treatment need on a four-category rating scale. The findings indicated that, in general, photographs with an increasing scale point were rated as increasingly more unattractive. The majority (80-100 per cent) of the parents and young adults rated the five photographs on the unattractive end of the scale to be in need of treatment. The children were significantly less critical in their aesthetic judgements. Photographs representing borderline need, identified for these groups to be scale points 5 and 6, have a potential in guiding patients and parents in making informed decisions about aesthetic treatment need.

Patient characteristics and treatment variables associated with apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment.

Multivariate analysis of patient characteristics and clinical variables was carried out with the maximum single maxillary incisor apical root resorption for each patient as the dependent variable. Root lengths were measured in standardized intraoral radiographs from 485 consecutively treated patients, 11.5 to 25 years of age. The correlation matrix revealed a complex pattern of positive and negative associations between the six pretreatment and seven treatment variables. Variables found to contribute significantly to apical root resorption were overjet, history of trauma to maxillary incisors before initiation of treatment, time of treatment with rectangular arch wires, time of treatment with Class II elastics, lip/tongue dysfunction, and/or history of finger-sucking habits persisting beyond the age of 7 years, and impacted maxillary canines to be corrected orthodontically. Clinical application of an open activator was significantly correlated with overjet but negatively correlated with apical root resorption, with the use of rectangular arch wires and/or Class II elastics, and with total banding time.