Periconceptional use of folic acid and risk of miscarriage - findings of the Oral Cleft Prevention Program in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: We report on the risk of miscarriage with high- and low-dosage periconceptional folic acid (FA) supplementation from a double-blind randomized clinical trial for prevention of orofacial cleft recurrence in Brazil. METHODS: Women at risk of recurrence of orofacial clefts in their offspring were randomized into high (4 mg/day) and low (0.4 mg/day) doses of FA supplementation. The women received the study pills before pregnancy, and supplementation continued throughout the first trimester. Miscarriage rates were compared between the two FA groups and with the population rate. RESULTS: A total of 268 pregnancies completed the study protocol, with 141 in the 4.0-mg group and 127 in the 0.4-mg group. The miscarriage rate was 14.2% in the low-dose FA group (0.4 mg/day) and 11.3% for the high-dose group (4 mg/day) (P=0.4877). These miscarriage rates are not significantly different from the miscarriage rate in the Brazilian population, estimated to be around 14% (P=0.311). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that high-dose FA does not increase miscarriage risk in this population and add further information to the literature on the safety of high FA supplementation for prevention of birth defect recurrence.

Achados audiológicos em indivíduos com distrofia miotônica de Steinert / Audiologic findings in individuals with Steinert's myotonic dystrophy

Objetivo: Identificar as principais alterações audiológicas em indivíduos portadores de distrofia miotônica de Steinert. Métodos: Cinco indivíduos foram submetidos à audiometria tonal e vocal, imitanciometria, teste de função tubária, pesquisa do reflexo estapediano, declínio do reflexo acústico e aplicação de dois questionários: a) Desempenho da função auditiva; b) Investigação psico-acústica-social. Resultados: O estudo demonstrou que 60 por cento da amostra apresentaram limiares auditivos dentro dos padrões de normalidade, 10 por cento perda condutiva e 30 por cento perda auditiva nas freqüências altas. Em relação aos reflexos estapedianos, observou-se o percentual de alteração de 30 por cento nas freqüências de 0,5 e 1 kHz e de 40 por cento em 2 e 4 kHz. Observou-se declínio do reflexo acústico em 10 por cento da amostra nas freqüências de 0,5 e 1 kHz. Conclusão: O estudo mostrou que o padrão audiológico típico de perda auditiva em freqüências altas foi observado em 30 por cento da amostra.

Purpose: To identify the main hearing disorders in individuals with Steinert's myotonic dystrophy. Methods: Five individuals were submitted to tonal and vocal audiometry, acoustic impedance tests, examination of Eustaquian tube function, acoustic reflex investigation,and acoustic reflex decay. They also answered two questionnaires: a) Performance of auditory function; b) Psycho-acoustic-social investigation. Results: The study showed that 60 percent of the sample presented normal hearing thresholds, 10 percent had conductive hearing loss and 30 percent had hearing loss in high frequencies. Concerning acoustic reflexes, it was observed that 30 percent of the subjects presented deficits at 0.5 and 1 kHz and 40 percent at 2 and 4 kHz. Acoustic reflex decay was observed in 10 percent of the sample at 0,5 and 1 kHz. Conclusion: The study showed that the typical auditory profile of high-frequencies hearing loss was observed in 30 percent of the sample.