[Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in geriatrics - one disease or two?]

The authors discuss the peculiarities of the terminology of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A clinical, endoscopic and morphological study (determination of the relative area and density of sex hormone receptors in the mucous membrane of the antrum of the stomach) of 760 patients of different ages and genders was carried out. It was found that six clinical parameters (duration of anamnesis, frequency of occurrence of concomitant pathology, epigastric discomfort, belching, heartburn, hereditary predisposition) and two morphological parameters (optical density of estrogen and progesterone receptors) statistically significantly differed in men and women over 60 years old suffering from duodenal ulcer, not gastric localization. The results obtained are consistent with the data of the medical literature, according to which, sexual differences in the pathogenesis of ulceration are more characteristic of ulcers of duodenal localization. Considering that sex differences in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcers, unlike gastric ulcers, persist until old age, the authors call for a separate study of stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers, which will probably lead to the need not to combine them two different diseases.

[Tertiary syphilis of the pancreas and liver in 82-year-old patient: case study].

It has been described a clinical case of late diagnosis of syphilis of the pancreas and liver of elderly patients. Two years before that it was wrongly diagnosed with cancer of the pancreas with liver metastases, and the patient was operated on with the imposition of cholecystostomy. It was conducted appropriate therapy and reconstructive surgery after verification of the diagnosis of syphilis of the pancreas and liver.

[Immunology-related aspects of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus formation].

The purpose of the research was to study particular features of the cellular immune status and serum cytokines in patients with the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett's esophagus. We have examined 70 patients with erosive GERD and 42 patients with Barrett's esophagus. Clinical, endoscopic, morphological and immunological study methods have been used. Distinctions in parameters of the cellular immune status and serum level of Interleukin-4, Interleukin-8, Interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in patients with GERD in the dynamics of treatment and patients with Barrett's esophagus were determined.

[Esophageal epithelial cells renewal in evaluation of the pariet efficacy in the treatment of patients with reflux esophagitis]. / Kletochnoe obnovlenie épiteliotsitov pishchevoda v otsenke éffektivnosti parieta pri lechenii bol'nykh refliuks-ézofagitom.

The article provides the data on 20 patients with erosive reflux esophagitis, who were treated with Pariet (rabeprazole). It was shown on the basis of conducted clinical endoscopic, morphological and immunohistochemical studies that the application of Pariet in treatment of patients with erosive esophagitis contributes to clinical endoscopic remission, regression of inflammatory changes, recovery of apoptosis processes and proliferative activity of esophagus epithelial cells within a shorter period of time. The results of the observation allow recommending Pariet as a highly efficient preparation for treatment of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

[Regeneration of the esophagus epitheliocytes. Evaluation of pariet efficacy in the treatment of patients with reflux esophagitis]. / Kletochnoe obnovlenie épiteliotsitov pishchevoda. Otsenka éffektivnosti parieta pri lechenii bol'nykh refliuks-éiufagitom.

In this paper the information of treatment by Pariet (Rabeprasol) in 20 patients with erosive reflux-esophagitis are represented. On the basis of clinico-endoscopic, morphological and immunohistochemical investigations it was shown, that using Pariet in treatment of the patients with erosive esophagitis the clinical-endoscopic remission, the regression of inflammation and apoptosis processes and proliferative epithelial activity is achieved in more short terms. The results of observation allow to recommend Pariet as a high effective preparation for treatment of the patients with gastroesophagities reflux.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of endocrine gastric cells in chronic biliary pancreatitis]. / Morfofunktsional'nye osobennosti éndokrinnykh kletok zheludka pri khronicheskom biliarnom pankreatite.

Clinicoendoscopic morphological and morphofunctional studies in 50 patients with chronic cholecystitis and 50 patients with chronic biliary pancreatitis have demonstrated that morphometric analysis of the antral stomach endocrine cells secreting melatonin, neurotensin and somatostatin can be used in addition to standard laboratory and device methods for differentiation chronic biliary pancreatitis with biliary pathology.

[Changes in the supramolecular organization of polyurethaneurea-acylsemicarbasides in the process of their biodestruction]. / Izmenenie nadmolekuliarnoi organizatsii poliuretanomochevino-atsulsemikarbazidov v protsesse ikh biodestruktsii.

Using the scanning electron microscope changes in supramolecular organization of polyurethane, (polyurethanecarbamideacylsemicarbasides), having in the main polymer chain foci of tripeptide were studied. They were subjected to proteolytic enzyme action and implanted into animal organisms. It was found that erosive processes going on the polymer plate are essentially similar either under action of proteolytic enzymes or inside a living organism.

[Biodegradable co-polymers of amino acids and synthetic polymers]. / Biodestruktiruemye sopolimery aminokislot i sinteticheskikh polimerov.

The methods of synthesis and properties of copolymers of natural amino acids and of oligopeptides with synthetic polymers are considered as well as their liability to biodestruction processes both under the effect of proteolytic enzymes in vitro and under conditions of the implantation to animals. Such copolymers may be successfully used in biology and medicine as a material for manufacturing temporal endoprostheses, carriers of medicinal preparations, immobilization of biologically active compounds as well as in studies of the mechanism of their action.

[Method for the quantitative study of the growth of fibroblastic cells in tissue culture]. / Metod kolichestvennogo issledovaniia rosta fibroblasticheskikh kletok v kul'ture tkani.

The method is elaborated for a quantitative evaluation of hypodermic fibroblast element growth in tissue culture of albino rats. The method is based on determination of the growth activity and intensity for each of the explant growth zones (compact, necwork-like zones and zone of migrating elements). The method permits a rapid and an exact evaluation of the influence of different substances added to the culture medium.

[Enzymic segregation of segmented polyurethanes containing sugar residues in the composition of the main chain]. / Fermentativnoe rasshcheplenie segmentirovannykh poliuretanov, soderzhashchikh v sostave glavnoi tsepi ostatki sakharov.

It is shown that segmented polyurethanes with D-lactose and D-maltose residues in the main polymer chain are subjected to a specific effect of enzymes: beta-galactosidase and alpha-amylase, respectively. This leads to a decrease in values of characteristic viscosity and physicomechanical indices of polyurethanes after their incubation with the mentioned enzymes. The compounds obtained are subjected to acid hydrolysis, which confirms sugar residues in the main polymer chain.

[Activity of proteolytic enzymes in the kidney and blood serum of rabbits during implantation of different polyurethanes]. / Aktivnost' proteoliticheskikh fermentov pochek i syvorotki krovi krolikov pri implantatsii razlichnykh poliuretanov.

It is shown that the activity of neutral proteinase both in homogenate and in blood serum increases by the 14th day the D-1 sample being implanted. In the subsequent periods after implantation the enzyme activity in homogenate is the same. Three and six months after implantation the neutral proteinase activity in blood serum decreases as compared to the norm. The activity of acid proteinase in rabbit kidney homogenates lowers by the 90th day after implantation both for the D-1 and for A-10 samples. For the D-1 sample the enzyme activation in blood serum is observed by the 30th day after implantation, three months later it falls to reach the normal level in 6-12 months and inhibition activity on the 30th day after implantation on the A-10 sample. Such changes in the activity of enzymes in homogenates and blood serum may reflect certain stages of polyurethane biodestruction participation of various enzymic systems of the organism in these processes.

Structural peculiarities of block copolyurethanes with peptide links as rigid block extenders.

X-ray crystal analysis was performed on block copolyurethanes with peptide links as rigid block extenders. The increase in peptide link length was shown to improve the microphase separation of flexible and rigid segments. The influence of the isocyanate nature on phase separation conditions in the block copolyurethanes studied was established. The correlation between mechanical and temperature characteristics and peculiarities of the microphase structure was found. The latter seems especially important because of the dependence existing between the biodegradation tendency of the polyurethanes and their supermolecular organization.

[Acid phosphatase activity in rabbit kidneys after implantation of different polyurethanes]. / Aktivnost' kisloi fosfatazy v pochkakh krolikov pri implantatsii razlichnykh poliuretanov.

Activity of acid phosphatase was determined in rabbit kidneys under subcapsular implantation of polyester-based polyurethane films (A-10) and films (D-1) containing the links of L-phenylalanyl-L-serine dipeptide in the main chain of the polymer. Optimal conditions are chosen for detecting activity of this enzyme in homogenates and in the lysosome enriched fraction of rabbit kidneys with L-glycerophosphate used as a substrate. Activity of acid phosphatase under the A-10 specimen implantation increases on the 7th and 14th day and later (during a year) does not differ from the normal level. Under the D-1 spectrum implantation the acid phosphatase activity remains increased for a longer period--up to one month. It is possibly due to the fact, that this polymer contains dipeptide fragments and is subjected to a more intensive enzymic destruction than the A-10 specimen.

[Enzymic splitting of polyurethanes containing dipeptide links in the main polymeric chain]. / Fermentativnoe rassheplenie poliuretanov, soderzhashchikh v osnovnoi tsepi polimera dipeptidnye zven'ia.

The paper deals with the proteolytic enzyme induced destruction of new types of segmented polyurethanes, the main chain of which contains dipeptides links: L-phenylalanyl-L-serine and glycyl-glycine. It is established that the chymotrypsin treatment decreases essentially the molecular mass of polyurethane containing the Phe--Ser links and does not affect the molecular mass of polyurethane with Gly--Gly links. Trypsin has no effect on the both types of polymers. Specificity of the chymotrypsin effect on the polymers is confirmed by the data of IR-spectroscopy. Destruction of the both types of segmented polyurethanes, mainly of the dipeptide fragments, is observed when the polymers are implanted into the animal organism.

[Chemical composition of linear polyurethanes and the rate of their destruction in physiological solution and animal body]. / Khimicheskoe stroenie lineinykh poliuretanov i skorost' ikh destruktsii v fiziologicheskom rastvore i organizme zhivotnogo.

The examinations of biodestruction of segmental polyurethanes from hexamethylene diisocyanate ethylene glycol and polyesters with different chemical composition: polydiethylene glycol succinate, molecular mass 750 (formula A-19), polydiethylene glycol adypates, molecular mass 800 and 1500 (formula A-14 and A-10) were performed employing physico-chemical and histological methods. It was noted that in physiological liquids and animal organisms that polyurethanes containing more polyester bounds, which easily undergo hydrolytic decomposition, had decomposed in higher rate - A-10 > A-19 > A-14. Histological examination revealed the hydrolytic destruction of samples A-19 and A-10 during 24 weeks. However, the rate and biodestruction degree in sample A-10 (especially in ensuring period) was found to be higher than in sample A-19. This appears in its fragmentation and cell activation in connective tissue, surrounding the alloplastic material. These data are consistent to the results of physico-chemical examinations which revealed that sample A-10 after 24 weeks completely loose the durability and the molecular mass diminishes almost four times, while the sample A-19 maintains 37% of durability comparing to initial condition and molecular mass diminishes only two times. Sample A-14 undergoes destruction, at lower degree maintains 50% of durability and its molecular mass diminishes almost two times. The performed examinations show that the changes of ester groups concentration in polyurethanes give the possibility of regulation of the biodegradation rate.