Hyperglycemia and Some Aspects of Leukocyte Activation In Vitro.

We analyzed functional status of blood leukocytes in diabetes mellitus and after addition of glucose in vitro. To this end, generation of ROS and reactive halogen species by monocytes and neutrophils from patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy donors was assayed using lucigenin- and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or opsonized zymosan in vitro. Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps was evaluated in the blood after addition of glucose. In comparison with donors, leukocytes from patients with diabetes mellitus were primed and this effect can be modeled by addition of glucose to the blood in vitro. Addition of glucose to donor blood also triggered the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.

Analysis of Cytokines and ATP in Plucked Hair Follicles.

The concentrations of ATP, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured in extracts of plucked hair follicles from healthy volunteers (normal values) and patients with androgenetic alopecia and then, ATP, IL-6, and IL-10 content was calculated for each follicle. The resulting values were directly proportional to hair follicle length, except for IL-6. The concentration of extracted ATP correlated with lactate dehydrogenase activity indicating cell damage. In patients with androgenetic alopecia, IL-10 content exceeded the normal values in follicles with a length <1 mm and ATP content surpassed the normal in follicles >2 mm long. The content of IL-6 and IL-10 measured by ELISA was comparable with results of mRNA expression assayed by RT-PCR, which attested to moderate level of gene expression. The content of ATP and IL- 10, but not IL-6 depended on the length of plucked hair follicle and on pathogenetic factors affecting hair growth.

Photoinduced formation of thiols in human hair.

Raman, scanning electron, and optical microscopy of hair and spectrophotometry of soluble hair proteins are used to study the effect of UV-vis radiation on white hair. The samples of a healthy subject are irradiated using a mercury lamp and compared with non-irradiated (control) hair. The cuticle damage with partial exfoliation is revealed with the aid of SEM and optical microscopy of semifine sections. Gel filtration chromatography shows that the molecular weight of soluble proteins ranges from 5 to 7kDa. Absorption spectroscopy proves an increase in amount of thiols in a heavier fraction of the soluble proteins of irradiated samples under study. Raman data indicate a decrease in the amount of SS and CS bonds in cystines and an increase in the amount of SH bonds due to irradiation. Such changes are more pronounced in peripheral regions of hair. Conformational changes of hair keratins presumably related to the cleavage of disulfide bonds, follow from variations in amide I and low-frequency Raman bands. An increase in the content of thiols in proteins revealed by both photometric data on soluble proteins and Raman microspectroscopy of hair cuts can be used to develop a protocol of the analysis of photoinduced hair modification.

Evaluation of ATP content in hair bulbs in human scalp.

The content of ATP in scalp hair bulbs in humans was measured in the hair roots from 15 healthy volunteers. Light and electron microscopy confirmed the presence of outer and an inner root sheaths in the root of pulled out anagen hair. Incubation of samples in buffer solution led to extraction of ATP, which was measured by the chemiluminescent method. Mechanic disintegration of hair bulbs and their freezing-defrosting did not increase ATP output. The results of microscopy indicated that ATP extraction procedure was associated with separation of the outer radical sheath from the inner one without impairing the structure of the inner sheath. The mean content of ATP was 12 ± 2 pmol per bulb. The use of pulled out hair bulbs for ATP measurements simplified the procedure as involved no surgical removal of follicles.

Activity of antioxidant enzymes in the wound in patients with deep burns.

Analysis of wound discharge in children with deep burns over 3 weeks after the injury revealed gradual increase in catalase activity. The increase in activities of myeloperoxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and catalase was maximum in patients with the most severe burns. Local complications were observed during the period of maximum myeloperoxidase activity, while the beginning of epithelialization was associated with its reduction. Analysis of wound impressions confirms long-term persistence of neutrophils in the wound.

[The level of middle molecules in determining the degree of intoxication in patients with suppurative wounds]. / Uroven' srednykh molekul v opredelenii stepeni intoksikatsii u bol'nykh s gnoinymi ranami.

For the estimation of the intoxication degree an analysis of dynamics of the level of medium-sized molecules (LMM) in blood serum was made in 71 patients with purulent wounds in different courses of the wound process. The results obtained were compared with the parameters of bacteriological and cytological characteristics. It was found that the 1.5 times elevation of LMM with values up to 0.380 units spoke of the compensated degree of intoxication with the following favourable course and disappearance by the 5th day of the postoperative period. While the 2-3 times elevation of LMM parameters--up to 0.710 units lies outside the limits of compensatory potentialities and complex antibacterial therapy normalized them by the 9th day. The comparison of dynamics of the parameters studied shows their clear correlative relationship.

[Effectiveness of regional electric stimulation of the sympathetic ganglia in the treatment of suppurative wounds]. / Effektivnost' regionarnoi élektrostimuliatsii uzlov simpaticheskogo stvola v lechenii gnoinoi rany.

A new method of regional electrostimulation by means of influencing with low-intensity and frequency rectangular impulse current upon the sympathetic trunk in combination with a purulent wound treatment by the low-frequency ultrasound in the liquid media of tomicide contributes to significant enhancing the effectiveness of treatment of the patients, 2-fold shortening of a hydratation phase duration, rapid stabilization of general state of the patients. No side effects and complications were noted in performance of electrostimulation.

[Effects of endotoxin on oxidative metabolism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes]. / Vliianie éndotoksina na okislitel'nyi metabolizm polimorfnoiadernykh leikotsitov.

The influence of endotoxin on rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) ability to generate oxygen free radicals (OFR) has been studied by chemiluminescence method. PMNs derived from intact animals were used as a control. PMNs derived from animals with 1.5 h endotoxemia increased OFR production after stimulation by latex. In contrast, PMNs derived from intact animals and preincubated with endotoxin for 1.5 h decreased OFR production after stimulation bw latex. It was proposed that stimulating effect of endotoxin on PMNs in vivo was mediated by plasma components.