Synthesis of acyclonucleoside hydroxamic acids as inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase.

N-Hydroxy-alpha-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-1(2H)-pyrimidineacetamides 1-3 were synthesized as potential antitumor agents whose mechanism of action would involve inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (RDPR, EC 1.17.4.1). Acyclonucleoside esters 6-8 were prepared by the stannic chloride catalyzed reaction of methyl chloro[2-(phenylmethoxy)ethoxy]acetate (5) with various silylated pyrimidines, generated in situ from the bases and bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide. Catalytic didebenzylation of hydroxamate 11 gave 1, while 2 and 3 were synthesized by the reaction of lactones 14 and 22, respectively, with hydroxylamine. In vitro acyclonucleoside hydroxamic acids 1-3 were 3-10-fold less potent than hydroxyurea against calf thymus cytidine diphosphate reductase. 5-Fluorouracil derivative 2 is nearly equipotent with hydroxyurea in inhibiting the growth of HeLa cells, while 1 is a much weaker inhibitor and cytidine derivative 3 is devoid of activity at 200 micrograms/mL.

Effect of GABA and isogabaculine on ornithine decarboxylase and putrescine metabolism.

Isogabaculine (3-amino-1,3-cyclohexadienyl carboxylic acid; RMI 71,932), an irreversible inhibitor of GABA transaminase, when added to mouse neuroblastoma cells in spinner culture at the time of induction of cell proliferation, increased ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity threefold above that of normal control cells and twofold above that of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)-treated cells. Isogabaculine did not affect ODC activity of rat glioma (C6) or rat hepatoma (HTC) cells. As determined by half-life measurements of ODC and intracellular GABA concentrations, isogabaculine apparently has a direct stabilizing effect on ODC in neuroblastoma cells that is unrelated to the accumulation of GABA due to GABA transaminase inhibition. Putrescine metabolism to GABA or spermidine was determined in C6, HTC, and neuroblastoma cells in the presence or absence of isogabaculine and/or GABA. Neither GABA nor isogabaculine treatment dramatically altered the metabolism of putrescine to GABA or spermidine in neuroblastoma, C6 glioma, or HTC cells. However, the appreciable amount of labeled GABA formed from putrescine indicated that this metabolic route may be more important than was previously thought.