RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Parents influence their infants' diets and are the providers of healthy foods such as fruit and vegetables. Parental motives can influence infant's diets directly or through parental feeding practices. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the associations between parental food choice motives and infants' fruit and vegetable intakes and to examine whether parental feeding practices mediated these associations. DESIGN: A total of 298 parents participated in the Norwegian Food4toddlers study. Before the child's first birthday (mean age = 10.9 months), the parents completed an online baseline questionnaire. Five parental food choice motives were assessed: health, convenience, sensory appeal, price, and familiarity. Infants' fruit and vegetable intakes and three health-promoting feeding practices were also assessed. For each food choice motive and its relation to fruit or vegetable intake, three single mediation models were conducted. Mediation effects were examined using MacKinnon's product of coefficients procedure, and bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) were used for inferential testing. RESULTS: Higher scores on the motive of health were positively associated with infants' vegetable intake (τ = 0.394, P < 0.001). No other significant associations were found between food choice motives and fruit or vegetable intake. The feeding practice of shaping a healthy environment mediated the relationships between health motive and both fruit (αß = 0.067, CI: 0.001-0.146) and vegetable (αß = 0.105, CI: 0.042-0.186) intakes. The feeding practice of encouraging balance and variety mediated the relationships between health motive and vegetable (αß = 0.085, CI: 0.030-0.150) intake and between sensory appeal motive and vegetable intake (αß = 0.047, CI: 0.005-0.103). CONCLUSION: High levels of parental health motive are associated with higher infant vegetable intake. Our study contributes to understand the structure of parental feeding behaviors that may have implication for nutrition interventions targeting parents.
RESUMO
The STOEMP network is, to our knowledge, one of the first initiatives to bring different sectors together in a municipality so as to increase accessibility to healthy and sustainable foods for all, with particular attention for the disadvantaged population. This qualitative study aimed to gain an in-depth insight into how the STOEMP network aims to reach its goal of making healthy, sustainable food available to everyone, through an intersectoral, collaborative process, exploring the facilitators and challenges of taking a systems-oriented approach to achieving this. Interviews were conducted among 15 stakeholders of the STOEMP network between March-July 2019 in Ghent (Belgium). Factors that facilitated the development and work of the network are reported, including having an external, neutral process manager, shared values, multisector engagement, enthusiasm, resources, and sense of ownership, as well as the barriers that were faced, such as time issues, uncertainty regarding continuation and funding, and discrepancy in visions. These issues reflect the strengths and challenges of taking a systems approach that aims to formulate solutions to widening access to healthy and sustainable foods. STOEMP would like to influence policy and thereby strengthen its impact, but needs further discussions to collectively formulate exact needs.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Nível de Saúde , Bélgica , Cidades , Alimentos , Humanos , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Fundamentos: La prevalencia de obesidad infantil es más alta en España que en los países del norte de Europa por razones que todavía se desconocen. El objetivo fue comprobar si variables referentes a hábitos de vida y a estilos de cuidado de los progenitores relacionados con la obesidad infantil difieren entre los países del Norte de Europa y España. Métodos: Los datos fueron obtenidos del proyecto internacional ENERG. Se analizaron los de España, Países Bajos, Bélgica y Noruega, incluyendo a 1.937 niños y 2.061 niñas de 10 a 12 años de edad. Se estudiaron los comportamientos de los padres referidos a variables dietéticas, variables relacionadas con la actividad física y los estilos de cuidado. Se calcularon las medias y las proporciones de todas las variables y a continuación se calculó la asociación de las diferentes variables con el país de origen utilizando el coeficiente beta y la Odds Ratio (OR) como medidas de asociación. Resultados: En comparación con los progenitores del Norte de Europa, los progenitores españoles consumen bebidas azucaradas menos días por semana (Media: 1,37 vs 2,16) pero consumen más zumos de frutas (Media: 2,61 vs 2,35). Los progenitores españoles son más activos yendo a su trabajo, son menos sedentarios pero realizan actividad física en su tiempo libre menos días por semana (Media de días por semana que realizan actividad física en su tiempo libre: 1,88 vs 2,21). Además, son menos negociadores con sus hijos (Media (0-4): 1,26 vs 1,68) y evitan menos los modelos negativos de conducta (Media (0-4): 0,90 vs 1,29). Sin embargo, prestan más atención (Media (0-4): 3,42 vs 3,04) y estimulan más los hábitos saludables (Media (0-4): 2,38 vs 2,06). Conclusiones: Las variables referentes a hábitos de vida y a estilos de cuidado relacionados con la obesidad infantil difieren entre los progenitores españoles y los de los países del Norte de Europa aunque estas diferencias no son estadísticamente significativas. Por lo tanto, las diferencias en los estilos de vida y estilos de cuidado de los progenitores probablemente no expliquen las diferencias en la obesidad infantil entre los países del Norte y España (AU)
Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity is higher in Spain than in Northern European countries for reasons that are still unknown. The objective was to determine whether variables related to lifestyle habits and styles of parental care related to obesity in children differ between the countries of Northern Europe and Spain. Methods: Data were obtained from the ENERGY international project using questionnaires. We analyzed data from Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium and Norway including 1937 boys and 2061 girls aged 10-12 years old. We have studied the behavior of parents related to dietary variables, variables related to physical activity and ways of care. We calculated the mean and the proportions of all the variables and then calculated the association between different variables with the country of origin using the beta coefficient and the odds ratio (OR) as a measure of association. Results: Compared with parents in Northern Europe, Spanish parents consume significantly less days a week sugary drinks (Mean: 1.37 vs 2.16) but they consume more fruit juices (Mean: 2,61 vs 2,35). Spanish parents are more active going to their work, they are less sedentary but perform physical activity in their leisure time fewer days per week (Mean days per week they do physical activity in their leisure time: 1.88 vs 2.21). In addition, they are less negotiators with their children (Mean (0-4): 1.26 vs 1.68) and prevent less negative role models (Mean (0-4): 0.90 vs 1.29). However, they pay more attention (Mean (0-4): 3.42 vs 3.04) and encourage more healthy habits (Mean (0-4): 2.38 vs 2.06). Conclusions: The variables related to lifestyle habits and styles of care related to childhood obesity differ between Spanish parents and those of the countries of Northern Europe but these differences are not statistically significant. Therefore, differences in lifestyles and parenting practices might not explain the significant differences in childhood obesity between the Northern countries and Spain (AU)
