The impact of need-based care on formal caregivers' wellbeing in nursing homes: A cluster randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Need-based care is a structured and standardized model that supports formal caregivers in nursing homes in delivering person-centered care by responding with tailored non-pharmacological interventions on residents' unmet needs as well as having positive effects on behavioral and psychological symptoms on residents with dementia. However, limited resources as well as the shortage of caregivers in nursing homes make the implementation of need-based care challenging, especially when it comes to finding ways to spend more time with residents. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the implementation of need-based care in nursing homes on formal caregivers' wellbeing. METHODS: A three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial was set up in 24 Belgian nursing homes: formal caregivers in the 'need-based care' group (intervention; n = 195) spent time twice a week with residents who had behavioral and psychological symptoms according to the principles of need-based care while formal caregivers in the 'time' group (n = 257) filled in the way they spent time twice a week; a third group delivered standard care (n = 299). An implementation strategy was built upon the Implementation Quality Framework and used in the 'need-based care group'. A total of 741 formal caregivers completed the digital questionnaire at one or more of the five time points (every nine weeks) between November 2021 and July 2022; they rated their sense of competence in dementia care, level of burnout, and, level of engagement. Moments of time were registered in a printed registration book. RESULTS: Only formal caregivers from the 'need-based care' group experienced a higher sense of competence in dementia care at time points three (p = 0.010) and four (p = 0.001) compared with baseline with an increase of respectively 1.5 (95 % confidence interval [0.25, 2.84]) and 2.4 (95 % confidence interval [0.77, 4.04]) points. No differences in scores on burnout and engagement were found. CONCLUSION: Despite challenging workforce circumstances in nursing homes, caregivers in the need-based care group as well as in the time group were able to spend time twice a week with residents with behavioral and psychological symptoms. No negative effects were found on formal caregivers' wellbeing after the implementation of need-based care in nursing homes. However, it requires strong leadership and the use of well-considered implementation strategies including reflective practice. TRIAL REGISTRY: Trial registration number ISRCTN56768265 (10/08/2023).

Effect of need-based care on behavioural and psychological symptoms in residents with dementia and formal caregivers' distress in nursing homes: a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: To evaluate to what extent the standardized concept of need-based care on Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD), and formal caregiver distress, is superior when compared to spending more time or standard care with residents with BPSD. METHODS: A longitudinal cluster randomized controlled study in 23 nursing homes in Belgium with 3 parallel groups was set up. A total of 481 residents with dementia participated. Formal caregivers in the need-based care group treated residents who displayed agitated or aggressive behaviour with a non-pharmacological intervention, tailored to unmet needs, twice a week with re-evaluation every 8 weeks. In the time group, formal caregivers spent 'extra time'. In the standard care group, it was 'care as usual'. Outcomes were measured at four different time points with the Doloplus-2 (to assess pain behaviour), Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) for agitation, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-NH) for BPSD and formal caregivers' distress. RESULTS: Need-based interventions had a significant effect on residents' levels of pain behaviour. In the need-based care group, scores on overall BPSD (agitation and aggression, depression, euphoria, irritability, sleep and night-time behaviour) improved significantly from baseline when compared to other timepoints. No significant different interactions over time were found between all three groups for categorized versions of NPI scores (ever versus never). CONCLUSION: Need-based care reduced the level of BPSD in residents with dementia as well as formal caregivers' distress. The study supports the importance of tailored non-pharmacological interventions in the residential care for people with dementia. TRIAL REGISTRY: Trial registration number B300201942084 (18/11/2019).

A person-centred team approach targeting agitated and aggressive behaviour amongst nursing home residents with dementia using the Senses Framework.

PURPOSE: The increase in agitated or aggressive behaviour amongst nursing home residents with dementia is a challenging problem. Such behaviour causes stress for both resident and caregiver. Many non-pharmacological interventions have been studied, but these interventions disregard the resident's unfulfilled needs and are executed by a single, designated caregiver. This study tests a non-pharmacological intervention, applied by the entire team and based on the resident's underlying needs. DESIGN: A pretest and post-test interventional study design was used, in which 65 residents with dementia who expressed agitated or aggressive behaviour. Data were collected from December 2016 until March 2017. METHODS: The ABC method and the Senses Framework were used to assign residents to either therapeutic touch, group music sessions or a meaningful individual activity. All staff members applied the interventions. Data were collected by use of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Nursing Home version (NPI-NH) and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI). RESULTS: The frequency of aggression, loss of decorum, depression and the severity of aggression decreased for all three interventions. However, the overall severity of fear also increased. The overall prevalence of agitated of residents decreased for the therapeutic touch, group music sessions and individual activities. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the possibilities of designing individualised interventions on the Senses Framework and the ABC method for addressing agitated and aggressive behaviour amongst nursing home residents with dementia. The framework presented in this study should be further explored. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: A team-based approach is effective to reduce agitated or aggressive behaviour amongst nursing home residents.

Skin hydration in nursing home residents using disposable bed baths.

The objective of this study was to evaluate a new way for applying bed baths and reducing the risk for dry skin by comparing the effect of two washing methods on skin hydration. A cluster randomized trial was conducted. Skin hydration was measured before and after implementation of disposable wash gloves, using a MoistureMeter SC at three skin sites. Total skin hydration did not differ between residents at the start of the study in both groups. After implementation, the post minus pre hydration scores were higher for the intervention group than the control group at all skin sites. However, the difference was only significant at cheek site. The use of disposable wash gloves does not increase the risk for dry skin in comparison with traditional washing methods. These results may encourage the introduction of disposable wash gloves as an innovation in daily skin care practice.