Influência da fotobiomodulação na viabilidade e proliferação de células-tronco do ligamento periodontal humano cultivadas na superfície de filmes de ácido polilático / Influence of photobiomodulation on the viability and proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells cultured on the surface of polylactic acid films

O ácido polilático (PLA) é um biomaterial com diversas aplicações biomédicas e tem se destacado como um arcabouço promissor na engenharia de tecidos principalmente devido à sua biocompatibilidade, fácil manipulação e baixo custo. O laser de baixa intensidade (LBI) tem se mostrado uma ferramenta útil para promover a bioestimulação in vitro de vários tipos celulares. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da fotobiomodulação com LBI na viabilidade e proliferação de células-tronco do ligamento periodontal humano (hPDLSC) cultivadas em arcabouços de PLA. Filmes de PLA foram produzidos e a topografia da superfície foi avaliada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (AFM). As hPDLSC foram isoladas, caracterizadas e cultivadas nos filmes de PLA e os espécimes foram divididos em dois grupos: Controle ­ não irradiado; e Laser ­ submetido à irradiação com laser diodo (InGaAIP) com comprimento de onda de 660 nm, potência de 30 mW, e dose única de 1 J/cm², de modo contínuo. As análises de viabilidade celular foram realizadas 24 e 48 horas após a irradiação através do ensaio bioquímico Alamar Blue e do ensaio Live/Dead. Os eventos do ciclo celular foram avaliados por citometria de fluxo e a morfologia da interação célula-biomaterial foi avaliada por MEV. Os filmes produzidos exibiram uma superfície plana e regular, com presença eventual de pequenos poros e rugosidade média de 59,381 nm. Os resultados do ensaio Alamar Blue mostraram uma maior atividade metabólica celular no grupo irradiado em relação ao controle em 24 (p<0,05) e 48 h (p<0,001), o que foi confirmado no ensaio Live/Dead por uma maior densidade de células viáveis no grupo Laser. Na análise do ciclo celular o grupo Laser apresentou um aumento de células na fase G2/M comparado com o grupo Controle (p<0,001). As imagens da MEV mostraram uma maior densidade celular no grupo irradiado, com manutenção da morfologia. Em conjunto, os achados deste estudo demonstraram que fotobiomodulação tem a capacidade de aumentar a viabilidade e proliferação das células-tronco periodontais cultivadas em arcabouços de PLA, o que pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos estudos utilizando este protocolo na engenharia tecidual periodontal (AU).

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biomaterial with diverse biomedical applications and has been a promising scaffold in tissue engineering mainly due to its biocompatibility, easy manipulation and low cost. Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) has been shown to be a powerful tool to promote in vitro biostimulation in several cell types. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation with LLLI on the viability and proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSC) cultured on PLA scaffolds. PLA films were produced by solvent casting method and the surface topography was evaluated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). hPDLSC were isolated, characterized and cultured on the PLA films. Two groups were evaluated: Control - non irradiated; and Laser - irradiated with diode laser (InGaAIP) with wavelength of 660 nm, power of 30 mW, and a single dose of 1 J/cm² with radiation emitted continuously. Cell viability analyzes were performed 24 and 48 hours after irradiation using the the Alamar Blue biochemical assay and Live/Dead assay. Cell cycle events were assessed by flow cytometry and cell-biomaterial morphological interaction was evaluated by SEM. The films produced showed a flat and regular surface, with the occasional presence of small pores and an average roughness of 59.381 nm. The results of Alamar Blue assay showed a greater cell metabolic activity in irradiated group compared to control at 24 (p<0.05) and 48 h (p<0.001), which was confirmed in the Live/Dead assay by a higher density of viable cells in the Laser group. In the analysis of the cell cycle, the Laser group showed an increase of cells in the G2/M phase compared to the Control group (p <0.001). SEM images showed a higher cell density in the irradiated group, with maintenance of cell morphology. Taken together, the findings of this study demonstrated that photobiomodulation has the ability to increase the viability and proliferation of periodontal stem cells cultured on PLA scaffolds, which may contribute to the development of new studies using this protocol in periodontal tissue engineering (AU).

Prognostic value of the immunohistochemical detection of epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarkers in oral epithelial dysplasia: A systematic review

BACKGROUND: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise a range of clinical-pathological alterations that are frequently characterized as architectural and cytological derangements upon histological analysis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed as a critical mechanism for the acquisition of the malignant phenotype in neoplastic epithelial processes. This study aims to systematically review the current findings on the immunohistochemical expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in oral potentially malignant disorders and to evaluate their possible application as biomarkers associated with the progression of oral epithelial dysplasias. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, and Cochrane Library. Articles that evaluated the relationship between the expression of EMT markers and the degree of oral epithelial dysplasia were selected for the systematic review. The quality of each eligible study was evaluated by independent reviewers that used operationalized prognostic biomarker reporting guidelines (REMARK). RESULTS: Seventeen articles met all inclusion criteria and were selected. The EMT markers analyzed exhibited an important association with the prognosis of the cases evaluated. The results showed a progressive increase in the expression of nuclear transcription factors and markers of mesenchymal differentiation, as well as negative regulation of epithelial and cell adhesion markers, according to the stage of oral epithelial dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: The dysregulation of expression of important EMT components in oral dysplastic epithelium is a potential prognostic marker in OPMDs

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