RESUMO
Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o custo-efetividade de pirfenidona em comparação ao nintedanibe no tratamento de pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática (FPI) na perspectiva do sistema suplementar de saúde. Métodos: O modelo foi realizado considerando um horizonte de tempo lifetime. O principal desfecho da análise foram os anos de vida ganhos. Os custos de aquisição de medicamentos foram obtidos por meio das listas oficiais de preço, considerando o ICMS 18%. Os demais custos relacionados ao manejo da doença, transplante de pulmão e custo de final de vida foram calculados por um microcusteio baseado em opinião de especialistas e listas de preços de procedimentos. Os dados de eficácia foram extraídos dos estudos CAPACITY 1, 2 e ASCEND, e extrapolados por meio de uma distribuição paramétrica Weibull. Os dados referentes ao nintedanibe foram extrapolados por uma comparação indireta. Resultados: Os custos totais de pirfenidona e de nintedanibe foram R$ 319.689 e R$ 522.887, respectivamente. Os anos de vida salvos resultantes foram 6,536 para pirfenidona e 5,726 para nintedanibe, resultando em um valor incremental de 0,810. Conclusão: Dessa maneira, a partir dos valores incrementais de custos e efetividade, a pirfenidona demonstrou ser uma opção terapêutica dominante quando comparada ao nintedanibe.
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pirfenidone in comparison to nintedanib in the treatment of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) under the Brazilian private healthcare system perspective. Methods: The model was performed considering a lifetime time horizon. The main outcome was life years (LY) gained. The drug acquisition costs were obtained from official price lists, considering taxes of 18%. The other related costs (disease management, lung transplantation and end-of-life costs) were calculated by a micro-costing based on specialists' opinion and procedures price lists, costs are presented in 2017 (R$). The efficacy data was extracted from CAPACITY 1, 2 and ASCEND studies, and extrapolated by the parametric distribution Weibull. The data related to nintedanib was extrapolated by an indirect comparison. Results: The total costs of pirfenidone and nintedanibe were R$ 319,689 and R$ 522,887, respectively. The LY results were 6.536 for pirfenidone and 5.726 for nintedanib, resulting in an incremental value of 0.810. Conclusion: Therefore, pirfenidone demonstrated to be a dominant therapeutic option when compared to nintedanib, based on incremental values of cost and effectiveness.
Assuntos
Humanos , Análise Custo-Benefício , Saúde Suplementar , Fibrose Pulmonar IdiopáticaRESUMO
Functional imaging studies have implicated the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the pathophysiology of borderline personality disorder (BPD). To date, however, volume-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have yielded mixed results. We used a surface-based processing approach that allowed us to measure five morphometric cortical features of the OFC, including volumetric (cortical thickness and surface area) and geometric (mean curvature, depth of sulcus, and metric distortion - three indicators of cortical folding) parameters. Participants comprised 25 female BPD patients with no other current psychiatric comorbidity and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy controls who received structural MRI scans. Images were processed using the Freesurfer package. All BPD patients had a history of comorbid psychiatric disorder(s) and were currently on medications. Compared with controls, the BPD group showed reduced cortical thickness, surface area, mean curvature, depth of sulcus, and metric distortion in the right medial OFC. In the left medial OFC, the BPD group had reduced cortical thickness and mean curvature, but increased metric distortion. This study confirmed the utility of surface-based analysis in the study of BPD cortical structures. In addition, we observed extensive structural abnormalities in the medial OFC of female subjects with BPD, findings that were most pronounced in the right OFC, with preliminary data suggesting hemispheric asymmetry.
