[Status of outcome measures in randomized controlled trials of kidney-tonifying and blood-activating method in treatment of knee osteoarthritis].

This study assesses the status of outcome measures in the randomized controlled trial(RCT) involving the kidney-tonif-ying and blood-activating method for treating knee osteoarthritis(KOA), aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for the development of a core set of outcome measures in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of KOA. The relevant articles were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, in addition to ClinicalTrials.gov and the China Clinical Trial Registration Center, with the time interval from inception to August 2023. The RCT of treating KOA with the kidney-tonifying and blood-activating method was included. Two assessors independently conducted literature screening, data collection, and qualitative analysis to compile the outcome measure results. A total of 350 RCTs were included, involving 165 outcome measures with the total frequency of 1 462. These outcome measures were categorized into six domains: symptom and sign measures(23) with the frequency of 718(49.1%), TCM symptom and syndrome measures(3) with the frequency of 53(3.6%), physical examination measures(130) with the frequency of 506(34.6%), quality of life measures(4) with the frequency of 20(1.3%), long-term efficacy measures(2) with the frequency of 6(0.4%), and safety measures(3) with the frequency of 159(10.9%). Additionally, 53 studies used TCM syndrome and symptom scores as indicators of efficacy, employing eight distinct measurement tools. The RCTs involving the kidney-tonifying and blood-activating method for treating KOA had a variety of problems, such as unclear prio-ritization of outcome measures, diversity in measurement tools, absence of standardized assessment criteria for specific measures, and non-standardized usage. These problems affected the research quality and reliability. Hence, it is advisable to draw upon international expertise, improve research design, and merge TCM efficacy characteristics with clinical research to establish a core set of KOA outcome measures aligned with TCM principles.

Efficacy and Safety of Bilateral Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

OBJECTIVE: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to assess efficacy and safety of bilateral ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for postoperative analgesia in patients receiving spine surgery. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched by 2 reviewers independently to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of ultrasound-guided ESPB for pain management in patients undergoing spine surgery. For meta-analysis, mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were selected for continuous data, and risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI were selected for dichotomous variables. RESULTS: A total of 25 randomized controlled trials including 1917 patients (873 in ESPB group and 874 in control group) were eligible for inclusion. At rest, ESPB was associated with significantly lower pain intensity at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours compared with the control group. During movement, ESPB was associated with significantly lower pain intensity at 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours compared with the control group. Significantly reduced opioid consumption (MD = -6.29, 95% CI [-8.16, 4.41], P < 0.001), prolonged time for first rescue analgesia (MD = 7.51, 95% CI [3.47, 11.54], P < 0.001), fewer patients needing rescue analgesia (RR = 0.34, 95% CI [0.28, 0.43], P < 0.0001), improved patient satisfaction (MD = 1.34, 95% CI [0.88, 1.80], P < 0.001), and shorter length of hospital stay (MD = -0.38, [95% CI -0.50, -0.26], P < 0.001) were demonstrated after use of ESPB. Additionally, ESPB was associated with decreased risks of any adverse event (RR = 0.51, 95% CI [0.43, 0.60], P < 0.001) and postoperative nausea and vomiting events (RR = 0.39, 95% CI [0.31, 0.49], P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided ESPB is an effective adjunctive technique with good tolerability for multimodal analgesia in management of pain in patients undergoing spine surgery.

Baduanjin exercise for chronic non-specific low back pain: protocol for a series of N-of-1 trials.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) is one of the most common health problems worldwide. According to the clinical guideline released by the American College of Physicians, exercise has been recommended for the treatment of chronic LBP. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is becoming increasingly popular for the management of chronic LBP. Baduanjin exercise is one of the exercise therapies in TCM. N-of-1 trial is a randomised cross-over self-controlled trial suitable for patients with this chronic disease. A series of similar N-of-1 trials can be pooled to estimate the overall and individual therapeutic effects synchronously by hierarchical Bayesian analysis. And N-of-1 trials are considered as a good tool for evaluating the therapeutic effect of TCM. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a series of N-of-1 trials with hierarchical Bayesian analysis for assessing whether Baduanjin exercise is effective and safe for CNLBP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study conducts a series of N-of-1 trials on Baduanjin exercise for the management of CNLBP. Fifty participants will receive 1-3 treatment cycles. They will be randomised into a Baduanjin exercise or waiting list group for a week during the two periods of each treatment cycle. The primary outcome is the 10-point Visual Analogue Scale. The secondary outcomes include the Oswestry Disability Index, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire and the Short Form Health Survey 12. Statistical analysis will be conducted with WinBUGS V.1.4.3 software. Overall and individual therapeutic effects will be estimated synchronously by hierarchical Bayesian analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study is approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of TCM (reference number TJUTCM-EC20220005). Our findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal or international conference. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2200063307.

Efficacy and safety of early versus delayed reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To critically evaluate the efficacy and safety of early versus delayed anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries based on the different cut-off values of the timing of operation. METHODS: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature, and Wanfang Digital Periodical database were searched from inception to November 2022 without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies (CSs) comparing early ACLR with delayed ACLR for ACL injuries were included. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies (10 RCTs and 14 CSs) were included. According to the information from included studies, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after ACL injuries were considered as the cut-off values of early and delayed ACLR. When 4 weeks were considered as the cut-off value, early ACLR could significantly improve Lysholm score, IKDC score and VAS score at 6 and 12 months postoperatively and decrease the incidence of adverse events compared with delayed ACLR (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference in positive rate of Lachman test and incidence of meniscus injuries and chondral lesions between the two groups when 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 6 months or 12 months after ACL injuries were considered as the cut-off values of early and delayed ACLR (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that early ACLR, especially conducted within 3-4 weeks after ACL injuries, may be more effective for improving knee function and relieving pain compared with delayed ACLR. More high-quality RCTs are warranted.

Efficacy and Safety of Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Versus Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We critically evaluated the efficacy and safety of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) versus transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS). METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, the Web of Science Core Collection, Chinese Biomedical Literature, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Digital Periodicals, and Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals were searched from their inception to February 2021. Randomized controlled trials and retrospective or prospective cohort studies (CSs) comparing OLIF and TLIF for DLS were included. A meta-analysis was conducted, if possible. RESULTS: Ten studies were included in the statistical analysis. The pooled results of the CSs showed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in pain relief at 3 or 6 months of follow-up and functional improvement at 1 or 3 months of follow-up in DLS patients between those who had undergone OLIF versus TLIF. The pooled results of the CSs showed that OLIF could significantly improve the degree of lumbar lordosis, foraminal height, and disc height and decrease the intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, operative duration, bed rest time, and hospital length of stay (P < 0.05) compared with TLIF. The incidence of adverse events was not significantly different statistically between OLIF and TLIF. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the present study suggest that pain relief and functional improvement were not significantly different between OLIF and TLIF. Nevertheless, the use of OLIF might improve radiological outcomes and reduce intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, operative duration, bed rest duration, and hospital length of stay compared with TLIF. Additional high-quality randomized controlled trials are still required to confirm these findings.

Tourniquet application in primary total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the influence of a tourniquet on the blood loss, transfusion requirement, swelling, pain, knee function, range of motion (ROM), operation time, bone cement mantle thickness, and complications in patients operated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: Two authors independently retrieved PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of a tourniquet in TKA. Fixed- (I 2 < 50%) or random-effects (I 2 > 50%) models were selected to perform meta-analysis according to the value of I 2. Mean difference (MD) and risk ratio were selected as the effect sizes for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. Results: A total of 29 RCTs, involving 2,512 operations (1,258 procedures with a tourniquet and 1,254 procedures without a tourniquet), were included, and 18 outcomes were compared. Tourniquet application could significantly decrease intraoperative blood loss (MD = -138.72 ml, p < 0.001), shorten operation duration (MD = -1.77 min, p < 0.001), and increase cement mantle thickness (MD = 0.17 mm, p < 0.001). However, it was significantly associated with increased postoperative pain intensity, decreased full ROM/flexion ROM/extension ROM, poorer knee function, increased knee swelling, and increased length of hospital stay (LOS) at several follow-up points (p < 0.050). No significant difference was found for postoperative draining volume, total blood loss, transfusion rate, change of Hb level, and risks of deep venous thrombosis and all complications. Conclusions: Tourniquet application could only decrease the intraoperative blood loss but has no effectiveness on the total blood loss and transfusion requirement. On the contrary, it has a reverse effect on the pain score, knee function, ROM, swelling, and LOS.

The Effect of Continuous Passive Motion in Patients Treated With Total Knee Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify the effectiveness of the continuous passive motion application on clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty, based on evidence from recently published high-quality randomized controlled trials. DESIGN: Two reviewers retrieved platforms of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL independently, for identifying eligible randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of continuous passive motion applied after total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis. Subgroup meta-analyses were performed for all syntheses based on the follow-up intervals. RESULTS: A total of 10 randomized controlled trials, involving 841 patients, were finally included. Data were available for 15 different outcomes (including active/passive knee extension/flexion/full range of motion, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index-pain/physical function/stiffness/total score, visual analogue scale, time up and go, knee girth, Knee Society Scale-function/knee score), at several time points. In general, most of the pools demonstrated similar outcome between continuous passive motion and noncontinuous passive motion groups. Exclusively, the active knee extension at 1 wk (mean difference = 3.00, 95% confidence interval = 0.5-5.5, P = 0.019*), passive knee extension at 1 wk (mean difference = 3.00, 95% confidence interval = 0.28-5.72, P = 0.031*), and 3 mos (mean difference = 3.00, 95% confidence interval = 0.5-5.5, P = 0.019*) were shown to be significantly slightly different between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a limited role of continuous passive motion in patients operated with total knee arthroplasty. Thus, there is at this stage no indication for continuous passive motion procedures in patients operated with total knee arthroplasty as a standard postoperative care.

Exosomal miR-186 derived from BMSCs promote osteogenesis through hippo signaling pathway in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) that results from estrogen withdrawal is the most common primary osteoporosis among older women. However, little is known about the mechanism of PMO, and effective treatment of PMO is limited. METHODS: We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting, and RNA pull down to investigate the relationship between miR-186 and MOB Kinase Activator 1A (Mob1). Also, we investigated the effect of exosome in osteogenesis using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. And hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining was used to verify the osteogenesis in PMO model. RESULTS: Exosomal miR-186 plays an important role in bone formation. The results of miRNA-seq and q-PCR showed that miR-186 was upregulated in a PMO + Exo treatment group. Results of RNA-pull down and luciferase reporter assays verified interactions between miR-186 and Mob1. We also verified the Hippo signaling pathway plays an important role in osteogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that exosomes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) can transfer miR-186 to promote osteogenesis in ovariectomy (OVX) rats through the Hippo signaling pathway.

Effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells loaded with graphene oxide granular lubrication on cytokine levels in animal models of knee osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to use umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) loaded with graphene oxide (GO) granular lubricant to treat knee osteoarthritis (KOA) animal models and to analyze their effect on cytokine levels in the articular cavity. METHODS: Twenty-four New Zealand rabbit models of KOA were established by the modified Hulth and cartilage injury method, and they were assigned to the blank group, the GO group, the UCMSC group, and the GO + UCMSC group, each group containing six animal models. The GO and UCMSC groups were treated by a single intra-articular injection. The treatment was started one month after surgical modeling, and the observation period was eight weeks. The expression levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and collagen-II (COL-II) in serum and articular fluid after treatment were compared to analyze the efficacy. RESULTS: The GO granular lubricant caused no significant improvement in the intra-articular environment of the knee joint, and UCMSCs caused a certain degree of improvement in the inflammatory environment. The improvement results of NO, IL-6, TNF-α, GAG, and COL-II were the best in the GO + UCMSC group, but the improvement results of inflammatory cytokine levels in serum and articular fluid were not consistent, especially the differences in NO, IL-6, and TNF-α were greater. CONCLUSION: UCMSCs loaded with the GO granular lubricant can reduce the inflammatory level and improve the level of biochemical environment in the articular cavity, and thus promote cartilage repair.

Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture Therapy for Patients with Acute Ankle Sprain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of acupuncture for acute ankle sprain (AAS) is controversial. This study aimed to critically assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for AAS. METHODS: Parallel-group randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included regardless of language or publication date. Participants with AAS were included regardless of age, sex, race, nationality, or diagnostic criteria for AAS. Experimental interventions included acupuncture alone or in combination with traditional therapies. Control interventions included no treatment, placebo, or traditional therapies. The primary outcome was the Kofoed ankle score. The secondary outcomes included visual analogue scale, duration of pain, use of painkiller, ankle circumference, effective rate, cure rate, and adverse events. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Digital Periodicals, and Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals database were searched to identify potentially eligible studies from inception to September 10, 2020. World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP), ClinicalTrials.gov, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), and the reference list of eligible RCTs were checked to identify ongoing or unpublished studies. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. Statistical analyses were performed by RevMan 5.3 software. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: Seventeen eligible studies were included for the statistical analysis. There was no statistically significant difference of Kofoed ankle score between acupuncture and Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (RICE) group (P=0.75). However, acupuncture could significantly relieve pain (P=0.02) and increase cure rate (P=0.004) compared with RICE. Moreover, acupuncture plus RICE could also significantly relieve pain (P < 0.00001) and increase cure rate (P=0.01) compared with RICE alone. Acupuncture combined with massage could significantly relieve pain (P=0.04) compared with massage alone. Acupuncture plus Chinese medicine might be more effective for relieving pain (P < 0.00001), reducing the duration of pain (P < 0.00001), and increasing cure rate (P=0.0002) compared with Chinese medicine alone. Two studies reported no adverse reactions. One study reported that a participant suffered from mild drug-related allergic reaction and was healed without treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study suggest that acupuncture may be beneficial for AAS. However, more large-scale and well-designed RCTs are warranted.

[Characteristics of Heavy Metals Pollution of Farmland and the Leaching Effect of Rainfall in Tianjin].

The leaching effect of the rainfall process for removing heavy metals from farmland soils is a critical physical process. To study the leaching effect of the rainfall process on heavy metals in soil, the pollution characteristics of seven heavy metals in farmland soil have been investigated in the suburban Tianjin region by combining the current data with previously reported runoff data in the same region. There is a large difference for these tested heavy metals in soils, with Zn having the highest concentration at 106.61±56.24 mg·kg-1 and Cd having the lowest concentration at 0.31±0.31 mg·kg-1. Compared with the background value in Tianjin, only the content of Cd is at higher levels (a four-fold increase). The results from a single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index analysis indicate that the comprehensive pollution index ranking is Cd > Cu > Ni > Zn > As ≈ Cr > Pb. Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn are in the moderate pollution, mild pollution, and alert level categories, respectively. Except for As, the results from a correlation analysis, the principal component analysis (PCA), and the cluster analysis indicate the possible similar origins of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. The multivariate statistical analysis indicates that Cd is mainly derived from human activities, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb are affected by anthropogenic and natural sources, and As is mainly influenced by natural conditions. By comparing the ratios of individual heavy metals to Cr in soils and runoffs, the leaching behaviors have been studied, with the leaching capacity ranked as Cd > As > Cu ≈ Pb > Ni > Cr ≈ Zn. In summary, Cd pollution in soil is more prominent than pollution from other metals and should receive attention.

Tetrabromobisphenol-A/S and Nine Novel Analogs in Biological Samples from the Chinese Bohai Sea: Implications for Trophic Transfer.

Tetrabromobisphenol-A/S (TBBPA/S) analogs have raised substantial concern because of their adverse effects and potential bioaccumulative properties, such as TBBPA bis(allyl ether) (TBBPA-BAE) and TBBPA bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPA-BDBPE). In this study, a comprehensive method for simultaneous determination of TBBPA/S and nine novel analogs, including TBBPA-BAE, TBBPA-BDBPE, TBBPS-BDBPE, TBBPA mono(allyl ether) (TBBPA-MAE), TBBPA mono(2-bromoallyl ether) (TBBPA-MBAE), TBBPA mono(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPA-MDBPE), TBBPS-MAE, TBBPS-MBAE, and TBBPS-MDBPE in biological samples was developed. The distribution patterns and trophic transfer properties of TBBPA/S and analogs in various biological samples collected from the Chinese Bohai Sea were then studied in detail. For the first time, TBBPA-MBAE and TBBPS-BDBPE were detected in biological samples and TBBPA-MBAE was identified as a byproduct. The concentrations of TBBPA and analogs ranged from ND (not detected or below the method detection limit) to 2782.8 ng/g lipid weight (lw), and for TBBPS and analogs ranged from ND to 927.8 ng/g lw. High detection frequencies (>86%) for TBBPA, TBBPS and TBBPA-MAE, TBBPA-MDBPE, TBBPS-MAE, TBBPS-MBAE, and TBBPS-MDBPE were obtained. Meanwhile, TBBPA, TBBPS, and these five analogs displayed trophic dilution tendencies due to significantly negative correlations between trophic levels and lipid-corrected concentrations together with the trophic magnification factors (from 0.31 to 0.55). The results also indicated the novel TBBPA-MAE, TBBPA-MBAE, TBBPA-MDBPE, TBBPS-MAE, TBBPS-MBAE, and TBBPS-MDBPE could be generated not only as byproducts, but also as the probable transformation products of commercial TBBPA/S derivatives.

Characterization of Three Tetrabromobisphenol-S Derivatives in Mollusks from Chinese Bohai Sea: A Strategy for Novel Brominated Contaminants Identification.

Identification of novel brominated contaminants in the environment, especially the derivatives and byproducts of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), has become a wide concern because of their adverse effects on human health. Herein, we qualitatively and quantitatively identified three byproducts of tetrabromobisphenol-S bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPS-BDBPE), including TBBPS mono(allyl ether) (TBBPS-MAE), TBBPS mono(2-bromoallyl ether) (TBBPS-MBAE) and TBBPS mono(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPS-MDBPE) as novel brominated contaminants. Meanwhile, the mass spectra and analytical method for determination of TBBPS-BDBPE byproducts were presented for the first time. The detectable concentrations (dry weight) of TBBPS-MAE, TBBPS-MBAE and TBBPS-MDBPE were in the ranges 28-394 µg/g in technical TBBPS-BDBPE and 0.1-4.1 ng/g in mollusks collected from the Chinese Bohai Sea. The detection frequencies in mollusk samples were 5%, 39%, 95% for TBBPS-MAE, TBBPS-MBAE and TBBPS-MDBPE, respectively, indicating their prevailing in the environment. The results showed that they could be co-produced and leaked into the environment with production process, and might be more bioaccumulative and toxic than TBBPS-BDBPE. Therefore, the production and use of TBBPS derivatives lead to unexpected contamination to the surrounding environment. This study also provided an effective approach for identification of novel contaminants in the environment with synthesized standards and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry.

Molecular and Cytogenetic Characterization of a Powdery Mildew-Resistant Wheat-Aegilops mutica Partial Amphiploid and Addition Line.

Aegilops mutica Boiss., a diploid species (2n = 2x = 14, TT), has been rarely studied before. In this research, a hexaploid wheat (cv. Chinese Spring)-Ae. mutica partial amphiploid and a wheat-Ae. mutica addition line were characterized by chromosome karyotyping, FISH using oligonucleotides Oligo-pTa535-1, Oligo-pSc119.2-1, and (GAA)8 as probes, and EST-based molecular markers. The results showed that the partial amphiploid strain consisted of 20 pairs of wheat chromosomes and 7 pairs of Ae. mutica chromosomes, with both wheat 7B chromosomes missing. EST-based molecular marker data suggested that the wheat-Ae. mutica addition line carries the 7T chromosome. Resistance tests indicated that both the partial amphiploid and the 7T addition line were highly resistant to powdery mildew, whereas the wheat control line Chinese Spring was highly susceptible, indicating the presence of a potentially new powdery mildew resistance gene on the Ae. mutica 7T chromosome. The karyotype, FISH patterns, and molecular markers can now be used to identify Ae. mutica chromatin in a wheat background, and the 7T addition could be used as a new powdery mildew resistance source for wheat breeding.

Reactive extractive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for sensitive detection of tetrabromobisphenol A derivatives.

Sensitive detection of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its derivatives, a group of emerging toxic contaminants, is highly necessitated in environmental investigation. Herein a novel analytical strategy based on reactive extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) tandem mass spectrometry for detection of tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether) (TBBPA-BHEE), tetrabromobisphenol A bis(glycidyl ether) (TBBPA-BGE), tetrabromobisphenol A bis(allylether) (TBBPA-BAE), and tetrabromobisphenol S bis(allylether) (TBBPS-BAE) in industrial waste water samples was developed. Active silver cations (Ag(+)), generated by electrospraying a silver nitrate methanol solution (10 mg L(-1)), collides the neutral TBBPA derivatives molecules in the EESI source to form [M+Ag](+) complexes of the analytes under the ambient conditions. Upon collision-induced dissociation (CID), characteristic fragments of the [M+Ag](+) complexes were identified for confident and sensitive detection of the four TBBPA derivatives. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the instrumental limits of detection (LODs) of TBBPA-BHEE, TBBPA-BGE, TBBPA-BAE and TBBPS-BAE were 0.37, 0.050, 0.76, and 4.6 µg L(-1), respectively. The linear ranges extended to 1000 µg L(-1) (R(2)≥0.9919), and the relative standard deviations (RSDs), inter-day variation and intra-day variation were less than 7.8% (n=9), 10.0% (n=5), and 14.8% (n=1 per day for 5 days) for all derivatives. TBBPA derivative manufacturing industrial waste water, river water and tap water samples were fast analyzed with the proposed method. The contents of TBBPA derivatives were various in the collected samples, with the highest 19.9±0.3 µg L(-1) of TBBPA-BAE in the waste water samples.

[Identification of Tritielytrigia alien disomic addition line shannong 87074-519 with yellow rust resistance].

In this paper, Shannong 87074-519, a derivative of wheat-decaploid Elytrigia elongata, was identified by inoculation assessment, cytological analysis, simple sequence repeat (SSR), molecular marker technique,and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The results are as follows: the chromosome number of Shannong87074-519 in root tip cells was 2n=44, 22 bivalents were observed in most PMC at MI, and the average chromosome configuration was 2n=44=21.82 II+0.36 I , and the chromosome configuration (2n=43=21 II +1 I) was observed in most PMC of F1 between Shannong87074-519 and C.S. at MI. Therefore, it was an alien disomic addition line with one pair chromosome of Elytrigia elongata. Then the St total genomic DNA was labeled as probe in GISH, the green-yellow hybridization signal was observed in two intact chromosomes, indicating that Shannong87074-519 was added by one pair chromosome of St genome. The SSR-PCR technique was employed in the primer filtration, and the molecular marker BARC165 was singled out from 170 primers, which could amplify the specific molecular marker BARC165(268) of Elytrigia elongata in Shannong87074-519. Subsequently, the specific segment in Elytrigia elongata was cloned and labeled as probe in GISH of root tip cells of Shannong87074-519, the light yellow hybridization signal was observed in both chromatin at interphase and chromosome at mitotic metaphase, thus the BARC165(268) could be applied as a specific molecular marker to detect alien chromatin of Elytrigia elongata in Shannong87074-519. Because of the good agronomic characteristics, high immunity to yellow rust, and dominant new yellow rust resistant gene located at the added chromosome St, assigned as YrSt temporarily, Shannong87074-519 has very important value in wheat breeding and genetics improvement.