[Normalized diagnosis and treatment of small penis: Advances in studies].

Small penis is abnormal development of the male external genitalia with unknown etiology. It is closely related to abnormal endocrine or pubertal development, chromosomal or genetic abnormalities. Pubertal growth retardation and secondary hypogonadism are commonly complicated by small penis or small testis; primary hypogonadal lesion develops in the testis; testosterone deficiency often results in small penis and short stature; sexual dysfunction and male infertility tend to occur in adult men. Attention should be paid to the four aspects concerning the clinically standardized diagnosis and treatment of small penis, namely, accurate measurement of the stretched penile length, active screening of possible causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and active and effective clinical interventions for the purpose of increasing the penile length and improving the prognosis, patient's quality of life, and natural pregnancy rate.

[Normative diagnosis and treatment of small penis].

Small penis is a disease of sexual dysplasia, which might be related to chromosome or genetic abnormalities, pubertal dysplasia, endocrine abnormality, and other factors. Hypogonadism is common in small penis. Children with small penis often have small testes, short stature, and male secondary sexual deficiencies, and the incidence of infertility is high in adulthood. Small penis can be early detected by accurately measuring the stretched penile length, screening the pathogenic causes, and differentiating it from buried or concealed penis. Once definite diagnosis is made, positive clinical intervention should be initiated. Early treatment can improve the prognosis of small penis, the patient's quality of life and the rate of natural pregnancy.

Comparative Study of Data Compression Methods for Large Aperture Static Imaging Spectrometer.

Facing the problem of choosing different data source as compressing object results in different compression effect, several techniques are investigated to explore a better data source which can reduce the loss of image and spectral information while getting higher compression ratio in the compression work of the large aperture static imaging spectrometer. In this paper the optical path difference dimension data source of LASIS was proposed after analyzing the characteristic of LASIS and then compared with the LASIS and LAMIS data source in detail. The SWIR data collected with the principle prototype of LASIS were used in our experiment. Firstly, three forms of data sources were extracted after detailedly introducing their data characteristic and extracting methods. Secondly, the mature algorithms in engineering JPEG and JPEG2000 were employed to compress and reconstruct the three forms of data sources respectively. Finally, the compression effect was evaluated in the aspect of image content, interference dimension, spectral dimension and compression ratio respectively, and the original spectral curves of three materials choosing from the field of view and those after reconstruction were extracted next, then the loss of spectral information of these three materials were measured by using the SA (Spectral Angle) and RQE (Relative Quadratic Error) values of the spectral curves to evaluate the compression effect. It is demonstrated that using the optical path difference dimension data as compressing object shows obvious advantages compared with LASIS and LAMIS, which achieves a combination of higher compression ratio, lower mean square error, lower peak signal noise ratio and less information loss that is competitive with the best results from the literature. The results show that the proposed optical path difference dimension data source has good performance in preserving the spatial and spectral information during the compression of LASIS than the other two common forms data sources of LASIS.

[Experiment Research and Analysis of Spectral Prediction on Soil Leaking Oil Content].

The spectral analysis method was applied experimentally to extract the spectral indices, measure and analyze the spectral characteristics and their difference of the mixture which are composed in soil in Central Shaanxi Plain and the diesel and motor oil respectively, aiming to provide solutions to practical difficulties in detecting, analyzing the spectral characteristics and difference between the soil leaking with equal content diesel and motor oil and predicting the leaking content of diesel in the soil. The spectral response curves of the soil leaking with different oil respectively and the soil leaking with diesel with different content were collected. Then the spectral prediction model for the leaking content of diesel in the soil was built based on the reflectance characteristics. The coefficient of the detection (R2) was introduced to evaluate the stability of the built model，and the parameter root mean squared error (RMSE) was introduced to estimate the precision and the predictability of the model built in this work. It is demonstrated that : (1) The reflectance of soil leaking with diesel is less than that of the equal content motor oil. And there is a double absorption trough of the reflectance curve of both soil leaking with diesel and motor oil at 1 740 and 2 328 nm. The spectral absorption indices and absorption depth of the soil leaking with diesel keep less than the equal content motor oil. (2) The built spectral prediction model for the leaking content of diesel in the soil demonstrates good stability with the coefficient of determination at R2=0.854, and performs favorable predictability (Root-Mean-Square Error, RMSE=0.016), which can benefit the effective prediction and quick estimation methods of the leaking content of diesel in the soil, enrich and progress the experimental method and theoretical research work of spectral prediction on soil leaking oil content and promote the application of remote sensing in safety production and environmental protection.