Long-term oral administration of hyperoside ameliorates AD-related neuropathology and improves cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the pathological hallmarks of ß-amyloid plaque deposits, tau pathology, inflammation, and cognitive decline. Hyperoside, a flavone glycoside isolated from Rhododendron brachycarpum G. Don (Ericaceae), has neuroprotective effects against Aß both in vitro and in vivo. However, whether hyperoside could delay AD pathogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we observed if chronic treatment with hyperoside can reverse pathological progressions of AD in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. Meanwhile, we attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating its effects. After 9 months of treatment, we found that hyperoside can improve spatial learning and memory in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, reduce amyloid plaque deposition and tau phosphorylation, decrease the number of activated microglia and astrocytes, and attenuate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the brain of APP/PS1 mice. These beneficial effects may be mediated in part by influencing reduction of BACE1 and GSK3ß levels. Hyperoside confers neuroprotection against the pathology of AD in APP/PS1 mouse model and is emerging as a promising therapeutic candidate drug for AD.

[Research progress in establishment of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine-induced rat model of Precancerous lesion of gastric cancer].

Gastric cancer(GC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, seriously threatens human health due to its high morbidity and mortality. Precancerous lesion of gastric cancer(PLGC) is a critical stage for preventing the occurrence of gastric cancer, and PLGC therapy has frequently been investigated in clinical research. Exploring the proper animal modeling methods is necessary since animal experiment acts as the main avenue of the research on GC treatment. At present, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine(MNNG) serves as a common chemical inducer for the rat model of GC and PLGC. In this study, MNNG-based methods for modeling PLGC rats in related papers were summarized, and the applications and effects of these methods were demonstrated by examples. Additionally, the advantages, disadvantages, and precautions of various modeling methods were briefly reviewed, and the experience of this research group in exploring modeling methods was shared. This study is expected to provide a reference for the establishment of MNNG-induced PLGC animal model, and a model support for the following studies on PLGC.