Effect of acute inflammatory reaction induced by biopsy on tumor microenvironment.

When it comes to the diagnosis of solid tumors, biopsy is always the gold standard. However, traumatic and inflammatory stimuli are so closely related to tumor initiation and development that the acute inflammatory response induced by biopsy can give rise to changes in the tumor microenvironment, including recruitment of immunosuppressive cells (M2 macrophages, Treg cells, Tumor-associated neutrophils) and secretion of inflammation-associated cytokines, to create immunosuppressive conditions that enable the increase of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral circulation and promote the metastatic spread of tumors after surgery. In this review, we discuss dynamic changes and inhibitory characteristics of biopsy on tumor microenvironment. By investigating its mechanism of action and summarizing the current therapeutic strategies for biopsy-induced tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, the future of using biopsy-induced inflammation to improve the therapeutic effects and prognosis of patients is prospected.

HHLA2 is more significantly associated with poor prognosis in TSCC than PD-L1.

BACKGROUND: The incidence and mortality of tongue squamous cell carcinoma have shown an alarming increase in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the potential of HHLA2 as an immune checkpoint in comparison to PD-L1. METHODS: We obtained RNA-seq data from TCGA to study HHLA2 and PD-L1 expression across various tissues. Using the CIBERSORT package, we estimated cell type abundances within mixed populations based on gene expression profiles. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze HHLA2 and PD-L1 expression in Tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Prognostic evaluation was carried out with Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. To explore factors affecting HHLA2, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted with the COX regression model. Additionally, we used single-cell RNA sequencing data from the GEO database for gene set enrichment analysis with genes strongly correlated with HHLA2. RESULTS: Our analysis of RNA-seq data unveiled a significant upregulation of HHLA2 and PD-L1 expression in primary tumors when compared with normal tissue. HHLA2 exhibited a positive expression rate of 36.9%, while PD-L1 had a positive expression rate of 24.6%. HHLA2 emerged as a noteworthy independent risk factor impacting the overall survival of Tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients. The analysis of scRNA-seq data shed light on the involvement of HHLA2 in key pathways related to cell cycle regulation and interferon alpha/beta signaling. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in the context of Tongue squamous cell carcinoma, HHLA2 may represent a more promising target for immunotherapy when compared with PD-L1.

Efficacy of three surgical methods for gingivectomy of permanent anterior teeth with delayed tooth eruption in children.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of three surgically assisted permanent anterior tooth eruption methods (laser surgery, electrosurgery and routine surgery) in children. METHOD: Sixty-three orthodontic children with retarded permanent anterior tooth were selected and according to the random number table divided into three groups: laser surgery group (group A), electrosurgery group (group B) and routine surgery group (group C). The total operative time (min), the duration of pain after gingival excision (d), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain intensity scores (0-10 cm), and gingival healing time (d) were all recorded. Six months after treatment, periodontal indexes of the three groups, including gingival indexes (GI), plaque indexes (PLI), probing depth (PD) were checked by the same periodontist and recorded. RESULTS: Surgical records showed that compared with group C, there were statistically significant differences in operative time, pain duration, pain intensity and healing time in group A and B (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in these four results between group A and group B. Periodontal examination indicators 6 months after surgery showed no statistical differences in GI, PLI and PD among group A, B and C. Oral clinical examination found that the three groups of patients with different treatment, dental eruption was normal. CONCLUSION: All the three treatments can effectively solve the problem of delayed eruption of permanent anterior teeth in children. Particularly, laser surgery and high-frequency electrosurgery have good efficacy, little pain and high operability, which can be considered as a better method to aid teeth eruption.

MSH homeobox 1 polymorphisms and the risk of non-syndromic orofacial clefts: a meta-analysis.

MSH homebox 1 (MSX1) is a susceptibility gene for non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOCs). Here, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess their associations. A systematic search of PubMed to 1 September 2017, was performed to retrieve all eligible studies. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to calculate the associations. The stability of the results was evaluated by sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed using Begg's funnel plots and the Egger test. In silico Msx1 expression during early mouse craniofacial development was evaluated by the Gene Expression Omnibus. In the overall analysis, MSX1 rs12532 (G>A) contributed to a decreased risk of NSOC. In an analysis stratified according to disease type, rs12532 was associated with the risk of cleft palate only (CPO) but not with the risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P). The association of rs12532 with the occurrence of NSOC in Asian and Caucasian populations but not South American populations was observed in an analysis stratified according to ethnicity. However, no significant associations were detected between any of the other MSX1 SNPs and the risk of NSOC in either the overall or subgroup analysis. The Msx1 gene was widely expressed in mouse craniofacial structures from embryonic day (E)8.5-E10.5. Taken together, the study indicates that MSX1 rs12532 is associated with the risk of NSOC.

Focal adhesion kinase serves as a marker of cervical lymph node metastasis and is a potential therapeutic target in tongue cancer.

PURPOSE: The aims of the present study were to examine whether focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression is correlated with cervical lymph node metastasis of tongue cancer and to investigate the roles of FAK in the process of cancer cell migration, invasion and anoikis resistance using the human tongue cancer cell line, Tca8113. METHODS: FAK expression was evaluated in 5 normal oral mucosa, 10 premalignant lesions, 80 primary tongue cancers and 41 lymph node metastases using anti-FAK immunohistochemistry. The migration, invasion and anoikis resistance of tongue cancer cells were evaluated using wound healing assays, invasion assays and anoikis induction. The effect of FAK inhibition was evaluated using RNA interference (RNAi). RESULTS: In total, 55 of 80 primary tongue cancers (69%) showed high expression of FAK, and 25 of 80 tumors (31%) and all normal oral mucosa or premalignant lesions showed low expression of FAK. There was a significant correlation between FAK expression and the cervical lymph node metastasis of tongue cancer. Moreover, RNAi-mediated FAK reduction decreased tongue cancer cell migration, invasion and anoikis resistance. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that FAK may serve as a marker of cervical lymph node metastasis of tongue cancer and that RNAi targeting FAK could serve as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of tongue cancer.