[Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Troposphere O3 and Precursors HCHO and NO2 in East China].

Based on OMI remote sensing satellite data, the temporal and spatial characteristics of tropospheric ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and formaldehyde (HCHO) concentrations in East China from 2005 to 2021 were analyzed, and the backward trajectory (HYSPLIT) model was used to explore their sources. The results showed that ① during the 17 years, the tropospheric O3 concentration steadily increased, reached the maximum value in 2010, and then showed a fluctuating and undulating state. NO2 showed an increasing trend from 2005 to 2012 and slowly decreased from 2012 to 2021. The average HCHO concentration showed an increasing trend from 1.15×1016molec·cm-2 in 2005 to 1.8×1016 molec·cm-2 in 2021. ② In terms of spatial characteristics, the concentrations of the three pollutants generally showed a pattern of high concentration in the north and low concentration in the south, with a high concentration in the north, uncharacteristic concentration in the middle, and low concentration in the south. ③ The sensitivity of O3 was as follows:η<2.3 in spring, which belonged to the VOCs control area; η<4.2 in summer, showing that most areas were NOx-VOCs coordinated control areas and a few areas were VOCs control areas; η<4.2 in autumn, which was primarily controlled by VOCs, with a few of them being NOx-VOC synergistic control areas; and η<2.3 in winter, which was a VOCs-controlled area. VOCs were primarily controlled in Shandong Province. ④ Owing to the high concentration of O3 in Shandong Province from 2005 to 2021, Jinan, the capital city of Shandong Province in 2021, was selected for ozone source analysis. The O3 concentration increased in Jinan in 2021 owing to two aspects. First, the long-distance air transportation primarily originated from Lianyungang City in Jiangsu Province and Cangzhou City in Hebei Province. Second, the close air mass transport originated from the pollution of cities near Jinan and the economic zones of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, and the aggregation analysis results corresponded with those of the potential source contribution factor algorithm (PSCF) and the weighted trajectory analysis (CWT).

[Relationship between functional diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality of alpine meadow along an altitude gradient in Gannan, China]. / ç”˜å—é«˜å¯’è‰ç”¸æµ·æ‹”æ¢¯åº¦ä¸ŠåŠŸèƒ½å¤šæ ·æ€§ä¸Žç”Ÿæ€ç³»ç»Ÿå¤šåŠŸèƒ½çš„å ³ç³».

Relationship between plant community functional diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) was a new area of ecological research in recent years. Previous studies had mostly focused on the relationship between plant community functional diversity and individual ecosystem function, and lack of understanding of the EMF. In this study, six functional indices of aboveground biomass, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil total phosphorus, soil available nitrogen and soil available phosphorus of Gannan alpine meadow were selected to analyze the relationship between plant community functional diversity and EMF on the altitude gradient of Gannan alpine mea-dow by using Bartlett sphericity test and multi-threshold method. The results showed that there was significant altitudinal difference in plant community composition, with species richness and plant coverage at 3500 m were significantly higher than those at other altitudes. Single and multi-functional diversity decreased with the increases of altitude, with significant difference among altitudes. Redundancy analysis showed that single and multi-functional richness, functional evenness and Rao's quadratic entropy were significantly positively correlated with soil temperature, soil water content and soil bulk density, and significantly negatively correlated with soil pH and soil conductivity. In a large threshold range (6%-89%), functional diversity had a significant positive effect on EMF. Based on correlation analysis, optimal regression model and random forest model, it was found that multi-functional richness index had a significant positive relationship with EMF, and that multi-functional richness was also the main driving factor of EMF. Overall, functional richness had the most significant impact on the EMF of alpine meadow in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

[Temporal and Spatial Variation in O3 Concentration Near the Surface of Shandong Peninsula and Analysis of Potential Source Areas].

The purpose of this study was to explore the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and potential sources of ozone (O3) in the Shandong Peninsula over a long period of time based on the analysis of the temporal and spatial changes in O3 concentration in Shandong Peninsula from 2005 to 2020. We used wavelet analysis, the entropy weight method, and correlation analysis to discuss O3 and its influencing factors and researched the potential sources of O3 in Shandong Peninsula. The results showed that:① in terms of the time pattern, the near-surface O3 in Shandong Peninsula showed a "triple peak" trend from 2005 to 2020, reaching the maximum value of[(40.48±7.64) µg·m-3] in 2010 and a minimum value of[(36.63±5.61) µg·m-3] in 2013. The season was expressed as:summer[(42.49±1.7) µg·m-3]>spring[(40.65±0.6) µg·m-3]>autumn[(36.47±0.7) µg·m-3]>winter[(36.46±0.3) µg·m-3]. ② In terms of the spatial pattern, the O3 concentration of Shandong Peninsula gradually increased with the increase in latitude from 2005 to 2020, showing the characteristics of high concentrations in the east and west and low in the middle region. During the 16-year evolution of the O3 concentration, there was a 1.5 a main oscillation period. ③The analysis of meteorological conditions revealed that O3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and sunshine hours, whereas pressure and wind speed were negatively correlated. In the analysis of social factors, soot (dust) emissions were the most obvious factor affecting the third indicator, with a weight of 0.25. ④ Through simulating the trajectory of airflow from different regions (Ji'nan and Qingdao), it was found that the ocean airflow contributed 10.69% to Jinan and 48.94% to Qingdao. There was 64.04% of the long-distance air mass transmission path coming from the northwest, and 43.69% of the short-distance air mass transmission path was from the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, followed by Shandong Province with 21.01%. ⑤ The analysis of potential sources of O3 showed that the potential sources of Ji'nan were mainly distributed in Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, northern Jiangsu Province, Hubei Province, and Anhui Province, with a WPSCF value >0.6, and Qingdao's WPSCF value of >0.6 was mainly distributed in the Yellow Sea area. The O3 contribution of Jining City, Linyi City, Xuzhou City, Huaibei City, and Lianyungang City was >40 µg·m-3. The area with >45 µg·m-3 in Qingdao was mainly in the Yellow Sea. Through the analysis of potential sources in the Shandong Peninsula, particular attention should be paid to the supply of industrial sources in the surrounding areas and the marine sources provided by marine air pollution.

[Spatio-temporal Patterns and Potential Sources of Absorbing Aerosols in the Fenwei Plain].

Air quality has gradually improved in many parts of China; however, air pollution is become more severe in the Fenwei Plain. Using OMI/Aura OMAERUV L2 and PM2.5 data, spatial autocorrelation analysis and back trajectory modeling were used to explore the spatio-temporal patterns of absorptive aerosols over the Fenwei Plain, and the dominant types, transmission paths, and potential source areas were identified. The main results can be summarized as follows:① Annual mean absorbing aerosol index (AAI) values increased between 2005 and 2019, with high period occurring in 2006, 2013, and 2017, with values exceeding 0.63. Xi'an and Linfen were identified as a 'high-high' cluster, with AAI showing poor spatial stability and a 15.3% increase in area over the past 15 years. In contrast, the area connecting Xi'an and Linfen, which occupies 24.2% of the total area of the region, was identified as a 'low-low' cluster, with a sharp drop of 6.2% in area; ② The Fenwei Plain has high AAI values across a large area in winter, exceeding 0.8 in Linfen and Xi'an, and 91.5% of the study area exceeding 0.6. Values were lower in spring (AAI>0.4) and autumn (AAI>0.3), with the lowest values occurring in summer. The atmospheric diffusion conditions in spring, autumn, and winter are poor, associated with anticyclonic high-pressure events. The observed high AAI values were significantly affected by atmospheric diffusion conditions, temperature, and precipitation; ③ Back trajectory and source contribution modeling showed that long-range transport of air masses from Xi'an and Linfen occurs from the northwest, and short-range transport air masses occurs from the east and south. Two long-range sand and dust source areas were determined (with northwestern and northern wind sources); two carbon source areas were identified (with eastern and southern wind sources); and one combined sand and carbon source area was identified (from the Loess Plateau). Of these sources, the northwestern wind source, the Loess Plateau, and the southern wind source have significant influence in Xi'an, and the eastern wind source and the Loess Plateau have a significant impact on Linfen. Linfen is little affected by the northwestern wind source and the dust from the northern wind source. Based on the spatial distribution of CO and its correlation with AAI, it is concluded that cardon in the dominant absorbent aerosol in Linfen dust and carbon are most important in Xi'an.

[Effects of microtopography on the pattern and association of dominant population.] / å¾®åœ°å½¢å¯¹ä¼˜åŠ¿ç§ç¾¤ç‚¹æ ¼å±€å’Œå ³è”æ€§çš„å½±å“.

Different spatial distribution patterns and correlations could reflect the adaptation strategies of plant populations to different habitats. Geranium wilfordii and Gueldenstaedtia verna are the major species in the subalpine meadow. Within a field experiment, the Ripley K function was used to analyze the relationship of spatial distribution pattern and interspecific association between G. wilfordii and G. verna in different slope aspects. The results showed that soil water content and nutrient content gradually increased, whereas soil temperature and light intensity gradually decreased along the gradient from south to north slope. The distribution of G. verna and G. wilfordii showed significant differences in three slope aspects (north, west and south slopes). G. verna showed an increa-sing trend, while G. wilfordii showed a decreasing trend from north to south slope. On the north slope, G. verna populations showed aggregation distribution at 0-1.8 m scale, while the aggregation intensity weakened and tended to be a random distribution at 1.8-5.0 m scale. G. wilfordii populations showed aggregation distribution at 0-5.0 m scale. On the west slope, G. verna population showed aggregation distribution at the 0-1.2 m scale, and tended to be a random distribution at the 1.2-5.0 m scale. G. wilfordii population showed aggregation distribution at the 0-2.2 m scale, and tended to be a random distribution at the 2.2-5.0 m scale. On the south slope, G. verna and G. wilfordii population showed random distribution at the 0-5.0 m scale. Both species showed positive correlation at the 0-1.0 m scale but not at the 1.0-5.0 m scale on the north slope. G. verna and G. wilfordii were negatively associated at the 0-2.1 m scale but unrelated at the 2.1-5.0 m scale on the west slope. On the south slope, both species showed no correlation at the 0-5.0 m scale.

[Spatial distribution and spatial association of Potentilla fruticosa populations on different slope aspects in subalpine meadow]. / äºšé«˜å¯’è‰ç”¸ä¸åŒå¡å‘é‡‘éœ²æ¢ ç§ç¾¤çš„ç©ºé—´åˆ†å¸ƒæ ¼å±€åŠç©ºé—´å ³è”.

The adaptation strategies of plant populations under different disturbance conditions could be reflected by the distribution pattern and correlation. Potentilla fruticosais the dominant species in alpine meadow community in south of Gansu Province, China. Based on the field investigation, P. fruticosa population spatial distribution pattern and its correlation were studied by using Ripley K function of spatial point pattern analysis. The results showed that the distribution of P. fruticosa population had significant differences on different aspects, and its species richness, diversity index and coverage showed a decreasing trend from north to south slope. The class 1 and 2 individuals of P. fruticosa population significantly aggregated at small scale in north and west slopes, and P. fruticosa clump intensity was gradually weakened with the increase of age and space scale, and finally tended to a random distribution. On south slope, the distribution patterns of all levels of P. fruticosa individuals were dominated by random distribution due to the inhibition of the habitat conditions and interspecific competition. On different slope aspects, P. fruticosa populations between class 1 and 2 individuals showed a negative correlation at certain scale, but the correlation degree decreased with increasing scale. The relationship between the class 3 and 4 individuals and the class 1 and 2 individuals had negative correlation significantly. There was no significant relationship among the large individuals, indicating that the individuals with similar age was spatially independent, which was conducive to the full use of environmental resources.

[Response of plant leaf traits to microhabitat change in a subalpine meadow on the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China]. / 青藏高原东缘亚高寒草甸植物叶性状对微生境变化的响应.

The response of plant leaf traits in five different slope aspects to microhabitat changes was studied on subalpine meadow in Gannan. The number of plant species was 25, 36, 42, 47 and 49 in the sunny slope, half-sunny slope, west slope, half-negative slope and shady slope, respectively. Soil water content, soil nutrients, soil temperature, illumination and soil pH were significantly different among the different slope aspects. Soil water content had the maximum value in the half-shady slope, and daylight illumination, daily soil temperature and soil pH had the maximum value in the sunny slope. Specific leaf area, leaf dry matter, leaf water content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency were significantly different among the different slope aspects, indicating plant photosynthesis strategy was different in the different microhabitats. Kobresia humilis and Taraxacum mongolicum were dominant species in the sunny slope. Kobresia humilis, Taraxacum mongolicum, Gueldenstaedtia verna and Polygonum macrophyllum were dominant species in the half-sunny slope and west slope. Potentilla fruticosa, Polygonum macrophyllum and Stellera chamaejasme were dominant species in the half-shady slope and shady slope. Habitat quality led to low biomass in the sunny slope and high biomass in the half-shady slope. Biodiversity and abundance were relatively low in the sunny slope and half-shady slope. Biomass was medium, and biodiversity and abundance were the highest in the west slope.

[Variation in δ13C and water use efficiency of plant leaf at different slopes in an alpine mea-dow]. / 高寒草甸不同坡向条件下植物叶片δ13C及水分利用效率的变化.

Through the systematical measurements of δ13C values of samples representing 25 families and 86 C3 herb species along the slope aspects in an alpine meadow, the responses of δ13C va-lues and water use efficiency (WUE) for C3 plants to slope aspect changes and influence of environmental factors were analyzed and main environmental factors related to plant δ13C values change were revealed. Along the north-facing to south-facing slope, soil water content decreased gradually, the soil temperature and light intensity increased gradually, and plant community structure also had corresponding change. The δ13C values of C3 plant species in 5 slope aspects were from -31.19‰ to -21.8‰, with an average value of (-27.18±0.13)‰. The average δ13C value was the highest along the south-facing slope, followed by that along the southwest slope, west slope and northwest slope, with the lowest along the north slope during the whole growing season. The difference of δ13C values among the different slope aspects were caused by discrepancy in soil water content, soil temperature and light intensity. Soil water content was the main limiting factor. From north slope to south slope, plant δ13C value increased with the increasing soil temperature, light intensity and the reducing soil water content, which suggested that different species had different strategies to adapt to environmental changes of drought stress in different slope aspects, and water use efficiency was improved gradually in order to adapt to the environment of drought stress.

[Evaluation of Storage Performance of Preserving Bags for Manually Separated Platelets].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the storage performance of the domestically made platelet storage bags (experimental group) and the United States Trima set platelet storage bags (control group). METHODS: The manually separated platelets were divided in two equal parts, which was added to control blood bags and experimental blood bags respectively, all samples were stored at a 22 °C ± 2 °C. The platelet count, mean volume, aggregation activity (ADP, THR), pH, glucose, lactate concentration, lactate dehydrogenase concentration, hypotonic shock reaction, CD62P and phosphatidic acid serine content were detected at day 0, 3, 5 and 7 of storage. RESULTS: There was no significant difference of platelet quality at day 5 after storage between the experimental group and the control group (T-test, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Two kinds of platelet storage bags have the similar storage performance.

ERGIC3, which is regulated by miR-203a, is a potential biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer.

In a previous study, we found that ERGIC3 was a novel lung cancer-related gene by screening libraries of differentially expressed genes. In this study, we developed a new murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) against ERGIC3. This avid antibody (6-C4) is well suited for immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and solid-phase immunoassays. Furthermore, we systematically investigated expressions of ERGIC3 in a broad variety of normal human tissues and various types of tumors by immunohistochemistry. In normal human tissues, 6-C4 reacted only in some epithelial cells, such as hepatocytes, gastrointestinal epithelium, ducts and acini of the pancreas, proximal and distal tubules of the kidney, and mammary epithelial cells; however, most normal human tissues were not stained. Moreover, almost all carcinomas that originated from the epithelial cells were positive for 6-C4, whereas all sarcomas were negative. Notably, 6-C4 strongly stained non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells but did not react with normal lung tissues. Hence, ERGIC3 mAb could be used in histopathological diagnosis and cytopathological testing to detect early-stage NSCLC. We also studied the mechanisms of ERGIC3 regulation in vitro and in vivo by means of bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, miRNA expression profiling and miRNA transfection. Results showed that miR-203a downregulation induced ERGIC3 overexpression in NSCLC cells.

MCRS1 overexpression, which is specifically inhibited by miR-129*, promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Although tumor invasion and metastasis are both classical hallmarks of cancer malignancy and the major causes of poor clinical outcomes among cancer patients, the underlying master regulators of invasion and metastasis remain largely unknown. In this study, we observed that an overexpression of microspherule protein 1 (MCRS1) promotes the invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Furthermore, we sought to systematically investigate the pathophysiological functions and related mechanisms of MCRS1. METHODS: Retrovirus-mediated RNA interference was employed to knockdown MCRS1 expression in NSCLC cell lines. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot respectively were used to measure levels of mRNA and protein. Further cell permeability assessment, invasion and proliferation assays were conducted to evaluate MCRS1 functions in vitro while nude mice experiments were performed to examine metastatic capability in vivo. Microarray analysis and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing were respectively carried out for mRNA and miRNA expression profiling, while chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase reporter assay, and miRNA transfection were used to investigate the interaction between MCRS1 and miRNAs. RESULTS: MCRS1 knockdown induced morphological alterations, increased monolayer integrity, decreased cellular invasion and metastasis, and attenuated stemness and drug resistance among tested NSCLC cells. The levels of MCRS1 expression were likewise correlated with tumor metastasis among NSCLC patients. We identified differentially expressed genes after MCRS1 silencing, which included cell junction molecules, such as ZO-1, Occludin, E-cadherin, and DSG2. However, these differentially expressed genes were not directly recognized by a transcriptional complex containing MCRS1. Furthermore, we found that MCRS1 binds to the miR-155 promoter and regulates its expression, as well as MCRS1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis through the up-regulation of miR-155. Systematic investigations ultimately showed that MCRS1 was directly and negatively regulated by the binding of miR-129* to its 3'-UTR, with miR-129* overexpression suppressing the growth and invasion of NSCLC cells. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-129* down-regulation induced MCRS1 overexpression, which promotes EMT and invasion/metastasis of NSCLC cells through both the up-regulation of miR-155 and down-regulation of cell junction molecules. This miR-129*/MCRS1/miR-155 axis provides a new angle in understanding the basis for the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer.

[Status and influencing factors of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pollution in the coastal areas in China].

This review focused on the distribution, pollution status, sources and influencing factors of PCBs in the coastal areas (seawater, surface sediments and biota) in China. A few main points are listed as follows: (1) For coastal seawater, concentrations of PCBs were increasing from the north to the south and the highest concentrations of PCBs were observed in the developed east coastal areas. The concentrations of PCBs in most coastal areas were higher than the seawater standard of U. S. EPA (30 ng x L(-1)), indicating that there was a high potential risk. (2) Only a small part of surface sediments had PCBs concentrations higher than the ISQG (interim sediment quality guideline) and ERL (effects range-low) values, suggesting little probability of causing biological adverse effects and potential risk in surface sediments. (3) High-molecular-weight PCBs (4, 5 and 6 chlorinated biphenyl) were bio-accumulated in marine biota. The concentrations of PCBs in organisms were generally lower than 2000 ng x g(-1), which may have negligible effects on human health. (4) The main sources of PCBs were wastewater discharged from factories and the leakage of dismantling PCBs from electronic wastes. Factors influencing the concentrations and distribution of PCBs in the coastal areas included distance from land, flow exchange situation, water-carrying capacity, season, sediment particle size and total organic carbon content.

Manganese superoxide dismutase gene therapy protects against irradiation- induced intestinal injury.

Radiation-induced intestinal injury is a common complication in radiotherapy for solid organ malignancies in abdomen or pelvis. However, currently there are no approved medical countermeasures for radiation-induced intestinal injury. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new treatments for radiation-induced intestinal injury. In the present study, we demonstrated that bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and overexpression of human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) could ameliorate radiation-induced intestinal syndrome. NOD/SCID mice received abdominal irradiation at a selected dose of 5 Gy, and then infused intravenously with MnSOD-MSCs. Mice body weight, survival and diarrhea were monitored for 30-days. Colonization and differentiation of MnSOD-MSCs in the irradiated intestine were analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical methods. Consequently, our data demonstrated that intravenous administration of MnSOD-MSCs improved survival, decreased diarrhea occurrence and protected the small intestinal structural integrity of irradiated mice. Moreover, intravenously transplanted MnSOD-MSCs could colonize the irradiated intestine and repair injured sites. These findings suggested that MnSOD-MSCs may be an attractive and potential option for radiation-induced intestinal injury.

[Effects of loaded buffer with epigallocatechin gallate on physiological functions of platelets].

This study was aimed to explore the change of aggregation and activation of platelets loaded with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). The platelets were treated by loading buffer with different concentrations of EGCG (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 20 and 30 mmol/L) and were divided into 2.5, 5, 10 mmol/L groups and control group. The physiological and biochemical functions of platelets were observed, including recovery rate, aggregation and activation of platelets. The platelet counts were determined by Counter Cell-DYN 1200. The aggregation activities were tested through turbidimetry, the platelet apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that the concentrations of EGCG loading in platelets of 2.5, 5 and 10 mmol/L groups were 0.4006 ± 0.12, 1.0527 ± 0.1503, 1.6902 ± 0.1112 mmol/L respectively. Along with the increasing of EGCG concentrations in loading-buffer, the EGCG absorbed by platelets increased too. When the concentration of EGCG in loading-buffer exceeded 15 mmol/L, the EGCG absorbed by platelets did not increase. The recovery rate in 2.5 mmol/L loading buffer group was 82.45 ± 0.360% which was lower than that in control group (90.33 ± 1.115%) (p < 0.05). As compared with control group, the recovery rate in 5 mmol/L loading buffer group (57.51 ± 2.468)% and 10 mmol/L loading buffer group (47.45 ± 2.030)% were even significantly lower (p < 0.01). When ADP was used as the inducer, the maximal aggregation rate (MAR) in control group was (63.6 ± 4.037)%, which was higher than that in other EGCG-loading groups (p < 0.01). And the aggregation activity of platelets negatively correlated with the concentration of EGCG in loading-buffer. When THR was used as the inducer, the MAR in control group was (89.3 ± 6.533)% and higher than that those in other groups (p < 0.05), especially in groups with loading-buffer higher than 10 mmol/L EGCG (70.1 ± 5.400%) (p < 0.01). In the experiment of cellular apoptosis, the early apoptosis easy appeared in platelets loaded with EGCG. It is concluded that the EGCG loading in platelets markedly influences the physiological and biochemical functions of platelets, the apoptosis easy occurs in platelets loaded with EGCG. The EGCG accelerates the course of platelet apoptosis.

[Healing effect of lyophilized platelets on rat chronic wound model].

Platelets carry over 20 growth factors, which all have been shown to improve wound healing, particularly recalcitrant wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the healing effect of lyophilized platelets on the chronic wounds through establishing diabetic rat chronic wound model. Healthy male SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) solution at the dose of 65 mg/kg. The blood glucose and weights were observed every week. The re-epithelialization rates of normal control group (NDR), diabetic group (DR) and diabetic treatment group (TLP) was analysed. Two full thickness skin wounds were incised in the back of the rats. The re-epithelialization rates were observed at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 12 days. The results showed that after induced by streptozotocin for 72 hours, the blood glucose of the DR group was higher than 16.7 mmol/L. 1 week after induced by STZ, the weight of the DR group was significant lighter than that of the NDR group (p < 0.05). The re-epithelialization rate of DR group were lower than that of NDR. After 12 day treatment, the re-epithelialization rates of NDR and TLP groups were 88.1% and 81.8%, which were significantly higher than that of DR group (62.8%). It is concluded that diabetic rat model established by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin can be used as a better diabetic chronic wound model. And the lyophilized platelets have healing effect on diabetic chronic wounds.

Addition of oligosaccharide decreases the freezing lesions on human red blood cell membrane in the presence of dextran and glucose.

Although incubation with glucose before freezing can increase the recovery of human red blood cells frozen with polymer, this method can also result in membrane lesions. This study will evaluate whether addition of oligosaccharide (trehalose, sucrose, maltose, or raffinose) can improve the quality of red blood cell membrane after freezing in the presence of glucose and dextran. Following incubation with glucose or the combinations of glucose and oligosaccharides for 3h in a 37°C water bath, red blood cells were frozen in liquid nitrogen for 24h using 40% dextran (W/V) as the extracellular protective solution. The postthaw quality was assessed by percent hemolysis, osmotic fragility, mean corpuscle volume (MCV), distribution of phosphatidylserine, the postthaw 4°C stability, and the integrity of membrane. The results indicated the loading efficiency of glucose or oligosaccharide was dependent on their concentrations. Moreover, addition of trehalose or sucrose could efficiently decrease osmotic fragility of red blood cells caused by incubation with glucose before freezing. The percentage of damaged cell following incubation with glucose was 38.04±21.68% and significantly more than that of the unfrozen cells (0.95±0.28%, P<0.01). However, with the increase of the concentrations of trehalose, the percentages of damaged cells were decreased steadily. When the concentration of trehalose was 400mM, the percentage of damaged cells was 1.97±0.73% and similar to that of the unfrozen cells (P>0.05). Moreover, similar to trehalose, raffinose can also efficiently prevent the osmotic injury caused by incubation with glucose. The microscopy results also indicated addition of trehalose could efficiently decrease the formation of ghosts caused by incubation with glucose. In addition, the gradient hemolysis study showed addition of oligosaccharide could significantly decrease the osmotic fragility of red blood cells caused by incubation with glucose. After freezing and thawing, when both glucose and trehalose, sucrose, or maltose were on the both sides of membrane, with increase of the concentrations of sugar, the percent hemolysis of frozen red blood cells was firstly decreased and then increased. When the total concentration of sugars was 400mM, the percent hemolysis was significantly less than that of cells frozen in the presence of dextran and in the absence of glucose and various oligosaccharides (P<0.01). However, when both glucose and trehalose were only on the outer side of membrane, with increase of the concentrations of sugars, the percent hemolysis was increased steadily. Furthermore, addition of oligosaccharides can efficiently decrease the osmotic fragility and exposure of phosphatidylserine of red blood cells frozen with glucose and dextran. In addition, trehalose or raffinose can also efficiently mitigate the malignant effect of glucose on the postthaw 4°C stability of red blood cells frozen in the presence of dextran. Finally, addition of trehalose can efficiently protect the integrity of red blood cell membrane following freezing with dextran and glucose. In conclusion, addition of oligosaccharide can efficiently reduce lesions of freezing on red blood cell membrane in the presence of glucose and dextran.

Frequent loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 12q in non-small-cell lung carcinomas.

Chromosomal aberrations in non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) are common events. In our study, the lung cancer cell lines (NCI-H446 and SPC-A-1) displayed numerous numerical and structural alterations in their chromosomes by G-banded karyotypic analysis, and abnormalities of chromosome 12 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Sequentially, we used 14 microsatellite markers within 12q to analyze loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in lung cancer cell lines and NSCLCs. Possible LOH on 12q were statistically inferred to occur in five lung cell lines. Importantly, 17 out of 25 NSCLCs (68%) showed LOH at chromosome 12q. Frequencies of LOH for individual markers ranged from 18% to 44%. Several deletions which were marked with D12S1301, D12S2196, D12S398, D12S90, D12S1056, D12S1713, D12S375, D12S1040, D12S326, and D12S106 were newly detected. Allelic loss on 12q15-q21 detected with D12S1040 occurred at the later stages of NSCLC progression (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). LOH on 12q marked with D12S2196, D12S398, D12S326, and D12S106 were frequently found in NSCLCs from the patients without smoking history (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). These findings indicated that allelic loss on 12q is commonly involved in NSCLCs, and new tumor suppressor genes may occur within 12q.

In vivo circulation of mouse red blood cells frozen in the presence of dextran and glucose.

Loading with monosaccharide can improve the quality of human red blood cells (hRBCs) frozen with polymer. But in vivo life span of hRBCs frozen with polymer and sugar is not determined. In this study, following incubation with glucose, mouse red blood cells (mRBCs) were frozen in liquid nitrogen for 24h using dextran as the extracellular protectant. After thawing, hemolysis, exposure of PS, and osmotic fragility of frozen mRBCs were determined in vitro. After transfusion of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled mRBCs, the 24h recovery and half life span of frozen mRBCs were determined. The data indicated the postthaw hemolysis of mRBCs frozen with dextran and glucose were significantly less than that of cells frozen with dextran (17.23%+/-5.21% vs 25.96%+/-10.07%, P=0.034). But freezing can also result in exposure of phosphatidylserine and increase of osmotic fragility of mRBCs. After transfusion, the 24h recovery of mRBCs frozen in the absence or presence of glucose was similar to that of the control cells (P=0.748 and 0.971). However, the half life span of mRBCs frozen in the absence or presence of glucose was significantly less than that of the control cells (P=0.000). In addition, incubation with glucose can not increase the life span of frozen red blood cells (7.16+/-0.93 d vs 7.15+/-0.34 d, P=0.982). In conclusion, incubation with monosaccharide could significantly increase the recovery of mRBCs frozen with polymer. Although freezing can significantly shorten the half life span of frozen cells, it can not influence the 24h recovery of frozen mRBCs. In addition, incubation with monosaccharide before freezing can not increase the life span of frozen mRBCs. So according to the above data, to increase the life span of hRBCs frozen with polymer and monosaccharide, the osmotic fragility of the frozen RBCs must be decreased in the future.

Effects of pre-freeze incubation of human red blood cells with various sugars on postthaw recovery when using a dextran-rapid cooling protocol.

Polymer has been used as substitute to replace glycerol for cryopreservation of red blood cells (RBCs). But polymer can not penetrate cell membrane, it can not efficiently protect the inner membrane. In this study, RBCs were incubated with glucose, fructose, galactose or trehalose and frozen in liquid nitrogen for 24 h using dextran as the extracellular protectant. The postthaw quality was assessed by RBC hemolysis, RBC morphology, PS distribution, osmotic fragility, and the 4 degrees C stability. The results indicated the loading efficiency of monosaccharide was significantly higher than that of trehalose. Adding trehalose and 40% dextran caused more serious hemolysis before freezing. The percent hemolysis of RBCs loaded with high concentration of trehalose was approximately 16% and significantly more than that of RBCs loaded with glucose (approximately 5%, P<0.05). Intracellular trehalose can not increase the postthaw recovery of RBCs compared with cells frozen without sugar. However, low concentration of intracellular glucose or galactose can reduce the percent hemolysis to less than 5% and significantly less than that of RBCs frozen without sugar (P<0.05). Finally, the ability of galactose or fructose to maintain the 4 degrees C stability was significantly more than that of glucose. In conclusion, the injuries caused by trehalose loading may directly lead to postthaw hemolysis and poor quality of RBCs. However, monosaccharide can enhance the recovery of frozen RBCs. The cryoprotective effect of galactose may be better than that of glucose or fructose. In the future, we will continue to look for a safe and efficient trehalose loading process and try to decrease the osmotic fragility of RBCs frozen with polymers and sugars.

[Inhibitory effect of trehalose on phosphatidylserine exposure, osmotic fragility and membrane lipid peroxidation damage of erythrocytes induced by high concentration of glucose].

Though high concentration of glucose can benefit the survival of lyophilized human red blood cells, the high concentration of glucose can result in serious damage of red blood cells. This study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of trehalose on damage of red blood cells induced by high concentration of glucose. After incubation with the high concentration of glucose buffer containing different concentrations of trehalose for three hours at 37 degrees C, the phosphatidylserine exposure and the osmotic fragility of cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and the lipid peroxidation of membrane was evaluated by TBA method. The results showed that the high concentration of glucose could lead to phosphatidylserine exposure, osmotic fragility increase, and lipid peroxidation damage which were dependent on the glucose concentrations and incubation temperature. However, trehalose could effectively prevent the phosphatidylserine exposure, osmotic fragility increase, and lipid peroxidation damage induced by high concentration glucose. With increase of the trehalose concentrations. As the trehalose concentration increases, the phosphatidylserine exposure, maloni-aldehyde concentration and cell debris rate decreased gradually. In conclusion, the high concentration of glucose can lead to phosphatidylserine exposure, osmotic fragility increase, and lipid peroxidation damage of red blood cells. However, trehalose can inhibit the damaging effects of high concentration of glucose on red blood cells, which may be useful for the application of sugars to lyophilization of red blood cells.