RESUMO
Interleukin (IL)-36 is a member of the IL-1 superfamily and includes three agonists (IL-36α, IL-36ß, and IL-36γ) and an antagonist (IL-36Ra). IL-36 agonists bind to heterodimeric receptor complexes. Then, the heterotrimer complexes signal via intracellular functional domains, binding to downstream signaling proteins and inducing inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the biological role of IL-36 and its correlation with systemic inflammatory diseases. The information collected will help to increase the understanding of the potential of IL-36 and may give clues for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Assuntos
Interleucina-1/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/imunologia , Animais , Humanos , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/patologiaRESUMO
In this study, we undertook the first complete the Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides L.) mitochondrial genome. The total length of the mitogenome is 16,739 bp. It contains the typical structure, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one D-loop region. The overall composition of the mitogenome is A (29.2%), G (15.8%), C (32.8%), and T (22.2%). Besides, the base preference of AT was not determined. Twenty-two kinds of tRNA were all typically cloverleaf structures. According to the phylogenetic analysis, A. cygnoides L. has a closer relationship with Anser anser.
Assuntos
Gansos/classificação , Gansos/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial , Filogenia , Animais , Composição de Bases , Evolução Molecular , Genes Mitocondriais , Tamanho do Genoma , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Paracobitis variegates was first reported. The total length of the mitogenome is 16,571 bp long with the A + T content of 55.6%. It contains the typical structure, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one D-loop region. The protein-coding genes start with the typical ATG codon, while COI gene uses GTG as the initiation codon. Most tRNA genes could form typical secondary structures except tRNA(ser), which had an absence of the DHU arm. There are 43 helices structures in 12S rRNA, and six domains, 53 helices structures in 16S rRNA. According to the phylogenetic analysis, Paracobitis variegates has a closer relationship with Barbatula toni.
Assuntos
Peixes/classificação , Peixes/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial , Filogenia , Animais , Composição de Bases , Sequência Conservada , Genes Mitocondriais , Tamanho do Genoma , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Sequências Reguladoras de Ácido Nucleico , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
Modified 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropy) carbodiimide (EDC) method was employed to synthesize the artificial antigen of enrofloxacin (ENR), and New Zealand rabbits were used to produce anti-ENR polyclonal antibody (pAb). Based on the checkerboard titration, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) standard curve was established. This assay was sensitive and had a linear range from 0.6 to 148.0 µg/kg (R(2) = 0.9567), with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) and limit of detection (LOD) values of 9.4 µg/kg and 0.2 µg/kg, respectively. Of all the competitive analogues, the produced pAb exhibited a high cross-reactivity to ciprofloxacin (CIP) (87%), the main metabolite of ENR in tissues. After optimization, the matrix effects can be ignored using a 10-fold dilution in beef and 20-fold dilution in pork. The overall recoveries and coefficients of variation (CVs) were in the ranges of 86%-109% and 6.8%-13.1%, respectively. It can be concluded that the established ELISA method is suitable for simultaneous detection of ENR and CIP in animal tissues.
