Tuberculosis screening in the high school entrance physical exam in Chongqing during 2018 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To provide the evidence for tuberculosis pvevalence for high school freshmen by analyzing data of entrance physical exarnination of Chongqing in 2018.@*Methods@#The TB information management system of schools in Chongqing was used to collect the data of TB physical examination for high school freshmen in 2018. Excel 2007 was used to establish database, SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis, including descriptive analysis, chi square test.@*Results@#In 2018, a total of 118 370 freshmen from 146 general education high schools and a total of 30 842 freshmen from 30 secondary vocational schools had TB screening during physical examination for freshmen. The proportion of school and freshmen participating in the TB examination was 40.09% and 44.28% respectively. The rates of school (57.03%) and freshmen (58.81%) participating in the examination of tuberculosis in senior high school students of general education were higher than those in secondary vocational education schools(16.39%, 22.73%), the difference was statistically significant(χ2=73.38, 42 744.64, P<0.01). 84 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) were detected in the physical examination of high school freshmen, mainly smear negative patients (92.86%)，and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of tuberculosis among the freshmen with different education, school and screening methods(P>0.05). The detection rates of TB among freshmen in general education and vocational education were 49.00/100 000 and 54.62/100 000 respectively. The detection rates of tuberculosis among freshmen in public schools and private schools were 50.29/100 000 and 124.88/100 000 respectively(χ2=5.42, 10.92, P<0.05). The detection rate of direct chest X-ray examination was 62.90/100 000. The first screening method was PPD test and the detection rate of chest X-ray examination was 84.30/100 000 for those with strong positive PPD test, the differences was no significant(χ2=0.29, P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#The tuberculosis screening program for high school freshmen is of great significance to the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Effective screening methods should be adopted and strengthened in secondary vocational schools.

[The effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors on cholesterol efflux in adipocytes].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors tAUCB on cholesterol efflux in adipocytes. METHODS: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiation and maturation. Cells were stimulated with 100 µg/L LPS after starved for 24 hours, then tAUCB in various concentrations (1, 10, 50, 100 µmol/L)were added for 24 h, or incubated with the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) antagonist GW9662 (5 µmol/L). 0 µmol/L tAUCB treated group was taken as empty control. After then, the mRNA expression of PPARγ and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) in cells were determined via realtime-PCR, the amounts of protein expression of PPARγ and ABCA1 in cells were detected by Western blot, the efflux rates of (3)H-cholesterol in cells were detected by means of liquid scintillation counter. RESULTS: tAUCB could dose-dependently increase the apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1)-mediated cholesterol efflux in adipocytes. After stimulated by 1, 10, 50, 100 µmol/L tAUCB, cholesterol efflux rates were (5.93 ± 0.66)%, (7.40 ± 0.43)%, (8.30 ± 0.34)%, (9.77 ± 0.42)% respectively, there were significant difference after treated by 10 - 100 µmol/L tAUCB compared with control (5.67 ± 0.17)% (P < 0.05).With the concentration of tAUCB increased, ABCA1, PPARγ mRNA and protein expression were also dose-dependently up-regulated. GW9662 could significantly inhibit the effects of tAUCB, and then reduce the cholesterol efflux and the expression of PPARγ and ABCA1 in adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS: tAUCB could up-regulate PPARγ expression in adipocytes, and promote the cholesterol efflux of adipocytes via apoA1-ABCA1 pathway, which might decrease the cellular cholesterol accumulation in adipocytes.

Activation of Cdc2 contributes to apoptosis in HPV E6 expressing human keratinocytes in response to therapeutic agents.

Infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV) is strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer. The HPV E6 oncogene induces apoptosis in cervical cancer precursor lesions but the mechanism is poorly understood. While it is expected that inactivation of p53 by E6 should lead to a reduction in apoptosis, E6 also sensitizes cells to apoptosis under some experimental conditions. Here, we demonstrate that expression of E6 in human keratinocytes rendered sensitization to chemotherapeutic agents. The cell death was shown to be by apoptosis involving caspase activation and the mitochondria pathway. To explore mechanisms involved in sensitization of E6 expressing cells to apoptosis, we used a proteomic approach to identify proteins differentially expressed in E6 expressing and control keratinocytes. Among nearly a thousand proteins examined, Cdc2 was demonstrated to be the most dramatically up-regulated protein in E6 expressing cells. p53 degradation appears to be important for the up-regulation of Cdc2 by E6. Using genetic, pharmacologic, and siRNA strategies, a role for Cdc2 in E6 expression-conferred apoptosis was demonstrated. Thus, these results have important therapeutic implications in enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy.