Effect of Orem's self-care model on discharge readiness of patients undergoing enterostomy: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Orem's self-care model in preparing hospitals for the discharge of patients with colorectal cancer who undergo enterostomy. METHODS: 92 patients with enterostomy were recruited between February 2022 and February 2023 from a general tertiary hospital. The participants were assigned to either the intervention group or the control group randomly. The intervention group received Orem's self-care program and a three-month follow-up, whereas the control group received only routine care and a three-month follow-up. Discharge readiness, self-care ability, and stoma-quality-of-life data were collected at hospital discharge (T1), 30 days (T2), and 90 days (T3) after discharge. RESULTS: The intervention group had substantially higher discharge readiness (knowledge, p < 0.001; coping ability, p = 0.006; personal status, p = 0.001; expected support, p = 0.021; total score, p < 0.001), better self-care ability at T1 (self-care knowledge, p < 0.001; self-care skills, p = 0.010), better total quality of life (QoL) at T1, T2, and T3 (p < 0.001; p = 0.006; p = 0.014); better stoma management and daily routine at T1 (p = 0.004; p < 0.001); and better daily routine at T2 (p = 0.009) than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The designed discharge readiness program based on Orem's self-care could promote effective patient discharge readiness, self-care knowledge, self-care skills, and QoL. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial number ChiCTR2200056302 registered on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Effects of Various Valence Ions on an Aqueous Rechargeable Zn//Polyaniline-coated ZnMn2 O4 Battery.

Zinc corrosion and dendrite formation are the main issues which impede the performance of aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) after certain times. In this work, we systematically investigated the effects of three different valence ions (e. g., Na+ , Mg2+ , Al3+ ) as electrolyte additives on the suppression of zinc corrosion and the inhibition of dendrite growth. By combining experiments and theoretical calculations, it has been found that the existence of Na+ ions effectively suppressing the zinc dendrite growth because Na+ possessess high adsorption energy approximately -0.39 eV. Moreover, Na+ ions could lengthen the zinc dendrite formation duration up to 500 h. On the other hand, the PANI/ZMO cathode materials showed the small band gap approximately 0.097 eV, signifying that the PANI/ZMO possessed the semiconductor characteristics. Furthermore, an assembled Zn//PANI/ZMO/GNP full battery using Na+ ions as electrolyte additive displayed capacity retention of 90.2 % after 500 cycles at 0.2 A g-1 , whereas the capacity retention of the control battery using pure ZnSO4 electrolyte was only 58.2 %. This work could provide a reference for the selection of electrolyte additives in future batteries.

Synthesis of α-CF3 Amides via Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of 2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.

Amide compounds are important organic compounds, which play an important role in biomedical chemistry, materials science, life science, and other fields. The synthesis of α-CF3 amides, especially compounds containing 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepine-2-one, has long been a challenge due to the tensile properties and instability of the rings. Here, we report an example of palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of CF3-containing olefin to form α-CF3 acrylamide. By controlling the ligands, we can get different amide compounds as products. This method has good substrate adaptability and functional group tolerance.

[Application of CD138 Immunomagnetic Bead Sorting Combined with Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization in Multiple Myeloma].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of direct fluorescence in situ hybridization (D-FISH) detection without sorting and CD138 immunomagnetic bead sorting technology combined with FISH (MACS-FISH) on cytogenetic analysis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS: FISH test results of 229 patients with initial MM were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups, 140 patients were tested with D-FISH and 89 patients with MACS-FISH. The combination probe was designed as P53, D13S319, RB1, 1q21, and IgH. Cytogenetic detection results were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The total detection rate of cytogenetic abnormalities in D-FISH group was 52.9%, and that in MACS-FISH group was 79.8%. There was a significant difference in the cytogenetic abnormality rate between the two groups (P=0.020). The abnormal genes with the highest detection rate in the two groups were 1q21 and IgH, respectively, while the lowest was P53. There was no significant difference in the percentage of P53 positive cells (positive rate) between the two groups, while D13S319, RB1, 1q21, and IgH showed significant difference in positive cell rate (P=0.0002, P<0.0001, P=0.0033, P=0.0032). There was no significant correlation between the proportion of plasma cells (PC) detected by bone marrow morphology and cytogenetic abnormality rate in the D-FISH group, while there was a correlation between the proportion of PC detected by flow cytometry and cytogenetic abnormality rate (r=0.364). The PC proportion detected by bone marrow morphology and flow cytometry in the MACS-FISH group had no correlation with the cytogenetic abnormality rate and positive cell rate of the 5 genes mentioned above. Additionally, the PC proportion detected by bone marrow morphology and flow cytometry showed significant difference (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: CD138 immunomagnetic bead sorting combined with FISH technology can significantly improve the abnormality detection rate of MM cytogenetics.

Production of indole and hydrogen sulfide by the oxygen-tolerant mutant strain Clostridium sp. Aeroto-AUH-JLC108 contributes to form a hypoxic microenvironment.

In this study, the oxygen-tolerant mutant strain Clostridium sp. Aeroto-AUH-JLC108 was found to produce indole when grown aerobically. The tnaA gene coding for tryptophanase responsible for the production of indole was cloned. The tnaA gene from Aeroto-AUH-JLC108 is 1677 bp and has one point mutation (C36G) compared to the original anaerobic strain AUH-JLC108. Phylogenetic analyses based on the amino acid sequence showed significant homology to that of TnaA from Flavonifractor. Furthermore, we found that the tnaA gene also exhibited cysteine desulfhydrase activity. The production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was accompanied by decrease in the amount of the dissolved oxygen in the culture medium. Similarly, the amount of indole produced by strain Aeroto-AUH-JLC108 obviously decreased the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in BHI liquid medium. The results demonstrated that production of indole and H2S helped to form a hypoxic microenvironment for strain Aeroto-AUH-JLC108 when grown aerobically.

Synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationships of new tubulin polymerization inhibitors based on 5-amino-1,2,4-triazole scaffold.

Based on our previous research, thirty new 5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazoles possessing 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl moiety were synthesized, and evaluated for antiproliferative activities. Among them, compounds IIa, IIIh, and IIIm demonstrated significant antiproliferative activities against a panel of tumor cell lines, and the promising compound IIIm dose-dependently caused G2/M phase arrest in HeLa cells. Furthermore, analogue IIa exhibited the most potent tubulinpolymerization inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 9.4 µM, and molecular modeling studies revealed that IIa formed stable interactions in the colchicine-binding site of tubulin, suggesting that 5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole scaffold has potential for further investigation to develop novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors with anticancer activity.

New Insights into the Mechanism of Enhanced Performance of Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 with a Polyacrylic Acid-Modified Binder.

A binder is an important component in lithium-ion batteries and plays a significant role in maintaining the properties of active substances. Most studies in the field of binders have only focussed on physical properties such as bonding performance. Here, a polyacrylic acid-modified binder was designed and adapted to Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2, which enhanced the electrochemical stability of Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 from 30.2 to 66.6% (300 cycles at 1 C). We for the first time discovered that this was caused by a chemical reaction between polyacrylic acid and the residual lithium on the surface during the cycling, which formed a lithium propionic acid coating layer and maintained the stability of the layered structure.

Hydrangea-Like CuS with Irreversible Amorphization Transition for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Storage.

Metal sulfides have been intensively investigated for efficient sodium-ion storage due to their high capacity. However, the mechanisms behind the reaction pathways and phase transformation are still unclear. Moreover, the effects of designed nanostructure on the electrochemical behaviors are rarely reported. Herein, a hydrangea-like CuS microsphere is prepared via a facile synthetic method and displays significantly enhanced rate and cycle performance. Unlike the traditional intercalation and conversion reactions, an irreversible amorphization process is evidenced and elucidated with the help of in situ high-resolution synchrotron radiation diffraction analyses, and transmission electron microscopy. The oriented (006) crystal plane growth of the primary CuS nanosheets provide more channels and adsorption sites for Na ions intercalation and the resultant low overpotential is beneficial for the amorphous Cu-S cluster, which is consistent with the density functional theory calculation. This study can offer new insights into the correlation between the atomic-scale phase transformation and macro-scale nanostructure design and open a new principle for the electrode materials' design.

Immune Characteristics of Chinese Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapies.

Immunotherapeutic agents have demonstrated encouraging signs of clinical utility in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The goal of this study is to analyze the immune characteristics of Chinese patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) to inform the development of immunotherapies in this patient population. Tumor samples from 211 DLBCL patients were analyzed for cell of origin (COO) and immune characteristics using the NanoString platform as well as MYC protein expression through immunohistochemistry. Lower incidence of the germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype (93/211, 44.1%) was observed in this cohort. Compared to the GCB subtype, the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype was associated with significantly increased expression of multiple pro-inflammatory gene signatures and decreased expression of anti-inflammatory gene signatures. Instead of affecting the pro-inflammatory genes, MYC protein overexpression showed a negative correlation with the expression of T-cell receptor (TCR) and T regulatory genes as well as the OX40 gene. Regardless of COO, higher PD-L1 or IDO1 gene expression correlated with increased expression of T effector and Interferon-γ gene signatures while the expression of multiple oncogenes including ACTR3B, ERBB2, AKT2 and SMARCD1 was down-regulated. Our findings may thus be helpful in guiding further development of immunotherapies for the different subsets of Chinese DLBCL patients.

Altered glutamate metabolism contributes to antiepileptogenic effects in the progression from focal seizure to generalized seizure by low-frequency stimulation in the ventral hippocampus.

As a promising method for treating intractable epilepsy, the inhibitory effect of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) is well known, although its mechanisms remain unclear. Excessive levels of cerebral glutamate are considered a crucial factor for epilepsy. Therefore, we designed experiments to investigate the crucial parts of the glutamate cycle. We evaluated glutamine synthetase (GS, metabolizes glutamate), glutaminase (synthesizes glutamate), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, a γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA] synthetase) in different regions of the brain, including the dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, and CA1 subregions of the hippocampus, and the cortex, using western blots, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme activity assays. Additionally, the concentrations of glutamate, GABA, and glutamine (a product of GS) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the same subregions. The results indicated that a transiently promoted glutamate cycle was closely involved in the progression from focal to generalized seizure. Low-frequency stimulation (LFS) delivered to the ventral hippocampus had an antiepileptogenic effect in rats exposed to amygdaloid-kindling stimulation. Simultaneously, LFS could partly reverse the effects of the promoted glutamate cycle, including increased GS function, accelerated glutamate-glutamine cycling, and an unbalanced glutamate/GABA ratio, all of which were induced by amygdaloid kindling in the DG when seizures progressed to stage 4. Moreover, glutamine treatment reversed the antiepileptic effect of LFS with regard to both epileptic severity and susceptibility. Our results suggest that the effects of LFS on the glutamate cycle may contribute to the antiepileptogenic role of LFS in the progression from focal to generalized seizure.

A sub-threshold dose of pilocarpine increases glutamine synthetase in reactive astrocytes and enhances the progression of amygdaloid-kindling epilepsy in rats.

The prognosis of patients exposed to a sub-threshold dose of a proconvulsant is difficult to establish. In this study, we investigated the effect of a single sub-threshold dose of the proconvulsant pilocarpine (PILO) on the progression of seizures that were subsequently induced by daily electrical stimulation (kindling) of the amygdaloid formation. Male Sprague­Dawley rats were each implanted with an electrode in the right basolateral amygdala and an indwelling cannula in the right ventricle. The animals were randomized into groups and were administered one of the following treatments: saline, PILO, saline+L-α-aminoadipic acid (L-AAA; one dosage tested), PILO+L-AAA, or PILO+L-methionine sulfoximine (three dosages tested). Amygdaloid stimulation and electroencephalography were performed once daily. We performed immunohistochemistry and western blot for glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase (GS). We also assayed the enzymic activity of GS in discrete brain regions. An intraperitoneal injection of a sub-threshold PILO dose enhanced the progression of amygdaloid-kindling seizures and was accompanied by an increase in reactive-astrocyte and GS (content and activity) in the hippocampus and piriform cortex. L-AAA and L-methionine sulfoximine, inhibitors of astrocytic and GS function, respectively, abolished the effect of PILO on amygdaloid-kindling seizures. We conclude that one sub-threshold dose of a proconvulsant may enhance the progression of subsequent epilepsy and astrocytic GS may play a role in this phenomenon. Thus, a future therapy for epilepsy could be inhibition of astrocytes and/or GS.

[Effect of Decitabine on Megakaryocyte Culture of Steroid-resistant ITP Patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of decitabine and plasma of ITP patients on in vitro cultrue of megakaryocytes in bone marrow of steroid-resistant ITP patients. METHODS: Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated from 20 steroid-resistant ITP patients, both methyl cellulose semisolid culture system (to observe and count the number of megakaryocytes colony-forming unit) and liquid culture system (to analysis the expression rate of CD41a(+) cells) were used for megakaryocyte cultrue. The experiments were divided into 4 groups according to the different components of the culture system, group A was control, group B was added with decitabine, group C with ITP plasma, group D with both decitabine and ITP plasma, and the rest of the culture components were the same in the 4 groups except the above-mentioned materials. Morphology of megakaryocytes was observed by inverted and light microscopy. The expression rate of CD41a⁺ cells in culture was analysed by flow cytometric. RESULTS: Different concentration of decitabine showed different effect on megakaryocyte growth of steroid-resistant ITP patients and the optimal concentration to differentiate into megakaryocyte for bone marrow mononuclear cells is 3.0 µmol/L. Compared with group A, both megakaryocyte colony forming units (CFU) and expression rate of CD41a⁺ cells in group B were statistically significantly higher (P < 0.05). As compared with group A, the megakaryocyte colony-forming units in group C decreased with statistically significant difference, while compared with group C, the megakaryocyte colony-forming units in group D obviously increased with statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Decitabine is able to induce bone marrow mononuclear cells of steroid-resistant ITP patients to differentiate into megakaryocyte and the optimal concentration is 3.0 µmol/L; ITP plasma is able to inhibit the megakaryocyte growth of steroid-resistant ITP patients.

Computed tomography for the diagnosis of solitary thin-walled cavity lung cancer.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite the high incidence of lung cancer, the diagnosis of solitary thin-walled cavity lung cancer is rare. The aim of this review is to explore the potentials of computed tomography (CT) as diagnostic tool for solitary thin-walled cavity lung cancer. METHOD: The literature search was made in electronic databases including PudMed, Ovid SP, Embase, Web of Sciences, EBSCO and Wiley online by using relevant key terms. Because of the rarity of the subject, no precise exclusion or inclusion criteria were used for article selection and the outcome dissemination was decided to be more descriptive rather than quantitative. RESULTS: The detection of cavitation in lungs is frequently done utilizing chest radiographs CT scans. However, the diagnostic challenge remains the accurate detection of solitary thin-walled cavity lung cancer among the prevalence of cavitary lung lesions in multiple thoracic disorders including benign disorders, infectious disease and malignant tumors. Moreover, an accurate diagnosis of solitary thin-walled cavity lung cancer is further complicated by its subjective classification within the literature. In order to facilitate early diagnosis of this disease and circumvent the need for more invasive tests that may not be warranted, the overarching goal is to establish definitive radiological features of lung cavities that are indicative of malignancy. Herein, we describe the benefits of using CT to identify and diagnose solitary thin-walled cavity lung cancer, as well as explore the underlying mechanisms that contribute to thin-walled cavity formation in oncology patients. CONCLUSION: CT is the best modality for the noninvasive differentiation between malignant and nonmalignant cavities as it provides reliable information regarding the morphology and density of lesions. Besides, CT densitometry can efficiently detect the calcifications in lesions.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension and microRNAs--an ever-growing partnership.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating condition with progressive remodeling of the pulmonary resistance vessels. PAH is characterized by multifocal, polyclonal lesions inhabited by cells that underwent phenotypic transition, resulting in altered cell proliferation and contractility, ultimately resulting in increased vascular resistance. Diagnosis of PAH is confounded by the fact that it is largely asymptomatic in the initial stages. In fact, idiopathic PAH patients >65 years of age cannot be diagnosed hemodynamically due to high pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. This highlights the need for defining more robust molecular biomarkers for PAH diagnosis and progression. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, play a discrete role in vascular inflammation and in the etiology of cardiovascular pathologies inclusive of PAH and can potentially serve as diagnostic biomarkers. However, a cohesive understanding of global miRNA-mediated molecular events that control pulmonary vasculature plasticity is lacking which, if addressed systematically, can lead to detailed elucidation of the downstream cellular pathways that are affected by activation/silencing of silenced cognate transcripts. In turn, this can lead to not only robust biomarkers, but also to novel therapeutic strategies targeting more upstream regulators than the existing ones targeting more downstream effectors. The current review aims to provide a summary understanding of PAH, its associated pathophysiology, current knowledge of the role of miRNAs in PAH, and identifies grey areas that need further research for successful bench-to-bedside transition of these exciting new discoveries.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for treatment of early- stage non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and invasiveness of lobectomy by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the treatment of stage I/II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A total of 148 patients presenting with Stage I or II NSCLC were enrolled into our study, comprising 71 who underwent VATS and 77 patients undergoing conventional thoracotomic lobectomy, in combination with systematic lymph node resection. RESULTS: It was found that VATS was superior to conventional thoracotomy in terms of the duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, frequency of the need to administer postoperative analgesia, thoracic intubation indwelling time, post-operative hospital stay, and survival rate (P<0.05). We saw no obvious difference in the number of resected lymph nodes with either approach. CONCLUSIONS: VATS lobectomy is a safe and reliable surgical approach for the treatment of Stage I/II NSCLC, characterized by significantly minimal invasiveness, rapid post-operative recovery, and markedly lower loss of blood.

[The clinical investigation of dynamic changes of corneal astigmatism and visual quality for patients after phacoemulsification surgery through different incision and implantation of different designed intraocular lens].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the corneal astigmatism and wavefront aberration differences of patients with cataract coexisting corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification surgery through traditional superior clear corneal incision or phacoemulsification surgery through clear corneal incision guided by corneal topography and implantation of different spherical aberration intraocular lenses (IOL). METHODS: In a prospective randomized sample controlled clinical trial, 90 patients (90 eyes) with age-related cataract and corneal astigmatism were randomly divided into 3 groups: (Group A) traditional superior corneal incision phacoemulsification surgery and AcrySof SN60AT IOL implantation, (Group B) corneal topography guiding incision phacoemulsification surgery and AcrySof SN60AT IOL implantation and (Group C) corneal topography guiding incision phacoemulsification surgery and AcrySof SN60WF IOL implantation. Corneal topography tests were performed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. The Wavefront aberration was measured using a custom built Tscherning wavefront sensor-ALLEGRETTO WAVE Analyze at 90 days postoperatively. Third-, 4th-, 5th-, total and higher-order aberration (HOA) root-mean-square (RMS), spherical aberration and coma aberration were compared at virtual pupil diameters of 6 mm postoperatively. Statistical analyses were performed using the analysis of chi square test, repeated measurement data analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple comparisons Students-Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS: Corneal topography tests indicated that no significant difference for corneal astigmatism was found between these three groups preoperatively (F = 0.08, P > 0.05). The corneal astigmatism was decomposed into J(0), J(45) and P with a Vector-based method, and statistically analyzed. When compared with Group B and GroupC, Group A had higher values of corneal J(0) (F = 9.54, P < 0.01) and P (F = 18.69, P < 0.01). For corneal J(0) and P, no significant difference was found between Group B and Group C (P > 0.05). However groups and times had interactions (F = 13.45, 50.22, P < 0.01, respectively). For astigmatic vectors, there were statistical significances between different times in 3 groups (F = 74.33, 92.11, P < 0.01, respectively). Wavefront aberration test results indicated that the mean values of RMSg (root mean square of general aberration), coma aberration, RMSh, RMS(3), RMS(5) and RMS(6) of Group A were obviously higher than that of Group B and C (F = 93.40, 471.94, 176.95, 216.99, 44.37, 37.19, P < 0.01, respectively). And the values of RMS(4) and spherical aberration in Group A were significantly higher than that in Group C (q = 25.30, 26.23, P < 0.01, respectively). No statistically significant was found between Group A and Group B of RMS(4) and spherical aberration (q = 0.57, 2.34, P > 0.05, respectively). The values of RMS(4), RMSh, RMSg and spherical aberration in Group B were statistically significantly higher than that in Group C (q = 24.73, 7.90, 6.41, 23.89, P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal topography guiding incision phacoemulsification surgery and the implantation of negative spherical aberration IOL is a more favorable solution for cataract patients coexisting corneal astigmatism, which can correct the corneal astigmatism, decrease the spherical aberration, high-order aberration and general aberration of pseudophakic eyes and therefore improve the visual quality of patients.

[A virtual hearing testing system based on the digital music editor software].

The digital music editor software "Cool Edit Pro 2.0" is used to design a virtual hearing testing system. This system has following advantages. First, its signal frequency can be set at will. Second, its dynamic range of signal intensity can reach up to 80dB. Third, the measuring accuracy of decibel value may reach 0.1dB. Forth, the system can be used in single and dual channel measurements. Last but not least, it can carry on data processing and drawing along with the same computer.

[Inhibitory effect of lanthanum chloride on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW264.7 macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction, and to investigate its possible mechanisms. METHODS: The RAW264.7 macrophages were randomly divided into four groups: i. e, control group (without treatment), LaCl3 group (with treatment of 2.5 micromol/L of LaCl3 for 24 hrs), LaCl3 + LPS group (with treatment of 2.5 micromol/L LaCl3 for 24h), and LPS group (with treatment of 1 mg/L LPS for 24 hrs). The iNOS protein expression was measured by immunofluorescence and Western blot. iNOS gene expression was assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NO production in culture supernatant was assayed by nitrate reductase method. RESULTS: Immunofluorescence analysis showed that iNOS was located mainly in the cytoplasm. RAW264.7 cells with overexpression of iNOS accounted for 44.4%, which was obviously higher than that in LaCl3 + LPS group (11.8%, P < 0.05). There was a faint signal of FITC-labeled green tint in control group or LaCl3 group. The iNOS mRNA and protein expression, and the NO content in LPS group were significantly higher than those in control, LaCl3, and LaCl3 + LPS groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: LaCl3 can suppress LPS-induced iNOS overexpression at mRNA and protein level and reduce NO production, indicating that LaCl3 can antagonize the excessive activation of iNOS induced by LPS.