Metabolomics reveals the lipid metabolism disorder in Pelophylax nigromaculatus exposed to environmentally relevant levels of microcystin-LR.

Cyanobacterial blooms have emerged as a significant environmental issue worldwide in recent decades. However, the toxic effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on aquatic organisms, such as frogs, have remained poorly understood. In this study, frogs (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of MC-LR (0, 1, and 10 µg/L) for 21 days. Subsequently, we assessed the impact of MC-LR on the histomorphology of the frogs' livers and conducted a global MS-based nontarget metabolomics analysis, followed by the determination of substances involved in lipid metabolism. Results showed that MC-LR significantly induced histological alterations in the frogs' hepatopancreas. Over 200 differentially expressed metabolites were identified, primarily enriched in lipid metabolism. Biochemical analysis further confirmed that MC-LR exposure led to a disorder in lipid metabolism in the frogs. This study laid the groundwork for a mechanistic understanding of MC-LR toxicity in frogs and potentially other aquatic organisms.

Cytochrome P450 enzymes in the black-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus): molecular characterization and upregulation of expression by sulfamethoxazole.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are crucial for the detoxification of xenobiotics, cellular metabolism, and homeostasis. This study investigated the molecular characterization of CYP enzymes in the black-spotted frog, Pelophylax nigromaculatus, and examined the regulation of CYP expression in response to chronic exposure to the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) at various environmental concentrations (0, 1, 10, and 100 µg/L). The full-length cDNA of Pn-CYP26B1 was identified. The sequence included open reading frames of 1,536 bp, encoding proteins comprising 511 amino acids. The signature motif, FxxGxxxCxG, was highly conserved when compared with a number of selected animal species. SMX significantly upregulated the expression of the protein CYP26B1 in frog livers at concentrations of 1 and 10 µg/L. SMX showed an affinity for CYP26B1 of -7.6 kcal/mol, indicating a potential mechanism for SMX detoxification or adaptation of the frog. These findings contributed to our understanding of the environmental impact of antibiotics on amphibian species and underscored the importance of CYP enzymes in maintaining biochemical homeostasis under exposure to xenobiotic stress.

Mapping the knowledge domains of medical textiles: A review.

As the world's textile industry shifts towards manufacturing high value-added textile structures and products, medical textiles have drawn extensive attention from researchers and the related research field is rapidly developing in recent years. To provide readers a systematic overview of this research field, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scientific publications related to the field in performed and visually presented using the software CiteSpace and VOSviewer in this paper. Totally 2839 papers have been retrieved and collected from the core database of Web of Science™. First, the papers are divided into several groups and quantitatively analyzed based on the year of publication, the citations in each year, and the disciplines involved in the papers. VOSviewer is adopted to analyze the collaboration among countries, organizations, and authors in the research community as well as their research output and influence in terms of citation. Then the major journals in the field are identified through performing co-citation analysis on source journals of all references cited in the retrieved papers. In addition, the highly cited papers and their references are listed in this paper. They offer researchers a glimpse of the internal relationship of scientific literature and the dynamic structure of scientific evolution. Finally, the co-occurrence analysis of keywords is also performed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The connection between various disciplines in the research field is revealed, so that the scientific development history, the research hotspots, and main research directions in the field can be traced.

Tetrabromobisphenol a and its alternative tetrachlorobisphenol a induce oxidative stress, lipometabolism disturbance, and autophagy in the liver of male Pelophylax nigromaculatus.

Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) have been widely used as flame retardants. However, their potential health risks to organisms have raised concerns, particularly for liver toxicity. Present study aimed to explore the toxic effects of TCBPA and TBBPA on black-spotted frogs (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) liver oxidative stress, autophagy, and lipid accumulation. After exposure to 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/L TBBPA and TCBPA for 14 days, the content of cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly elevated. In addition, the malondialdehyde level rose greatly in dose dependent. However, the glutathione level declined in high TBBPA groups (0.01 and 0.1 mg/L). Furthermore, expressions of Beclin1, Atg5, and Atg7 were significantly increased, while p62 was markedly declined, respectively. Results obstained suggested that TBBPA and TCBPA exposure induced liver toxicity in black-spotted frog. This study provided insights into the toxicity mechanism of bisphenol flame retardants in amphibians and will aid in the ecological risk assessment of flame retardants.

The Mediating Role of Emotion Management, Self-Efficacy and Emotional Intelligence in Clinical Nurses Related to Negative Psychology and Burnout.

Objective: To explore the influence of negative psychology and burnout in clinical nurses, and to analyse the mediating role between self-efficacy and emotional intelligence in emotion management. Methods: From January 2022 to December 2022, 12,704 clinical nurses from 32 general hospitals in Hunan Province were selected as research participants by convenience sampling. Negative psychology, emotion management, self-efficacy, emotional intelligence and burnout in clinical nurses were measured, and structural equation models were constructed to explore their impact on burnout in clinical nurses. Results: Clinical nurses' negative psychology had a positive effect on burnout (ß=0.60, 95% CI: 0.63-0.66), emotional intelligence (ß=-0.08, 95% CI: -0.10, -0.06) and the self-efficacy of emotion management (ß=-0.60, 95% CI: -0.05, -0.03) on burnout. Moreover, emotional intelligence and emotion management self-efficacy played a mediating role between negative psychology and burnout in nurses. Conclusion: Clinical nurses' negative psychology had a positive impact on burnout, and emotional intelligence and the self-efficacy of emotion management could alleviate the influence of negative psychology on burnout among nurses. Nurses' emotional intelligence and emotion management self-efficacy can be improved through practical training to help them cope with emotionally loaded situations and reduce stress responses.

[Summary of the best evidence for the use of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation technique in invasive mechanical ventilation patients].

OBJECTIVE: To search and evaluate the literatures on the application of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation technique (MI-E) in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in China and abroad, and to summarize the best evidence to provide evidence-based basis for clinical practice. METHODS: The literatures related to the use of MI-E technique in invasive mechanical ventilation patients were searched from the establishment of the database to April 1, 2022 in BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate Clinical Advisor, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), Guidelines International Network (GIN), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC), Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO), medlive, Cochrane Library, Joana Briggs Instiute, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Website of American Association for Respiratory Care, including guideline, expert consensus, clinical decision, evidence summary, systematic review and randomized controlled trial. The JBI Center for Evidence-Based Health Care Expert Consensus Evaluation Criteria (2016) was used to evaluate the quality of the included systematic reviews; the JBI Center for Evidence-Based Health Care Evaluation Criteria for Randomized Controlled Trials was used to evaluate the quality of the included randomized controlled trial. Two researchers independently evaluated the quality of literature, and extracted and summarized the evidence based on professional judgment. RESULTS: A total of 7 literatures were enrolled, including 3 systematic reviews and 4 randomized controlled trials. After quality evaluation, 7 articles were all enrolled. Thirteen best evidences were formed from four aspects of indications, contraindications, parameter settings, and attention. CONCLUSIONS: The study summarizes the best evidence for the application of MI-E technique in invasive mechanical ventilation patients. It is recommended that medical staff undergo professional training, combined with their professional judgment as well as the patient's clinical specific conditions and willingness, and accurately apply MI-E technology to invasive mechanical ventilation patients.

Textile waste water treatment: analysis of mapping knowledge domains.

Textile waste water contains dyes and chemicals that produce harmful vapors and exhaust gases, which is hazardous to the environment and public health. Therefore, it must be carefully treated before discharged. To understand the research evolution in the research area of textile waste water treatment, based on bibliometrics, an in-depth analysis of the publications and hotspots in this area was presented in this paper. For the analysis, totally 6774 papers related to the research area that are published between the year 1964 and 2023 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. Using CiteSpace and VOSviewer as bibliometric analysis tools, the collaboration of countries, regions, and organizations was investigated. Besides, an analysis for citation and co-citation of journals, authors, references, and co-occurrence of keywords was performed. The evolution of research hotspots in the three major research directions related to degradation, oxidation, and adsorption is also analyzed in this paper. The analysis results show that researches related to oxidation and adsorption are active in recent years, while nanocomposite adsorbents and graphene oxide are the current research hotspots.

Validity and Reliability of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale-Chinese Version.

Objectives: To test the validity and reliability of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale-Chinese version in clinical nurses. Methods: According to the translation principles of the Brislin Scale, the original scale was translated, back translated and cross-culturally adapted to form the Chinese version of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Nurses in three general hospitals in Changsha, Hunan province were surveyed by convenient sampling method from July 2020 to September 2021. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, content validity and criterion validity was used to evaluate the validity of the scale. Internal consistency Cronbach's α coefficient, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the scale. Results: A total of 678 nurses were included in the study. There were 460 people in sample 1 and 218 people in sample 2. Two common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis. The cumulative contribution was 65.560%. The two-factor structure model was good (χ2/df = 3.137, CFI = 0.928, IFI = 0.929, GFI = 0.842, TLI = 0.917, RMSEA = 0.099). The I-CVI of the scale was 0.8-1.0. The S-CVI/Ave was 0.94. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.956. The broken half reliability is 0.920. The retest reliability is 0.910. Conclusion: This study identified two components of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale-Chinese version, which has 2 dimensions and 17 items. With good validity and reliability, it is suitable for the assessment of secondary traumatic stress among clinical nurses in the Chinese context.

Ag-Modified ZnO Nanorod Array Fabricated on Polyester Fabric and Its Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalytic Performance by a Built-in Electric Field and Plasmonic Effect.

ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) were fabricated on polyester fabrics (PFs) by a two-step method and modified with Ag by magnetron sputtering. The photogenerated charge transport properties of the Ag/ZnO nanorod heterojunctions were studied by a self-made Kelvin probe system and a surface photovoltage (SPV) test system. The measured work functions (WFs) of the deposited Ag and ZnO nanorod are 4.67 and 5.56 eV, respectively. The SPV spectra indicate that the direction of the inner electric field is from the Ag layer to the inner of the ZnO nanorod. The enhancement of light absorption by the local surface plasma resonance (LSPR) effect of Ag/ZnO NRA was observed by Raman microspectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Ag/ZnO NRA-functionalized PFs was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RB) solution under visible light. The full photo-oxidation of RB and the outperforming ZnO NRA-coated PFs demonstrate that the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Ag/ZnO NRA-coated PFs results from the cooperation of the inner electric field of the Ag/ZnO nanorod heterojunction and Ag LSPR.

Bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances in greenhouse vegetables with long-term groundwater irrigation near fluorochemical plants in Fuxin, China.

The levels of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been growing progressively in the groundwater beneath a fluorochemical industrial park (FIP) in Fuxin of China recently, however, little information is available about whether long-term irrigation with local groundwater could have a potential effect on the bioaccumulation of PFASs in greenhouse vegetables near the FIP. In the present study, groundwater, soil, and vegetable samples were collected from Fuxin with five sampling campaigns during a period of 40 days, and ten target analytes of PFASs in all the samples were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). As the dominant PFAS contaminants, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) in groundwater samples were determined with the maximum levels of 2.47 and 32.4 µg L-1, respectively. Furthermore, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), PFOA, and PFBS were the major PFASs in greenhouse samples of soil (up to 6.1, 6.8, and 46 ng g dry weight (dw)-1), tomato (up to 87, 1.7, and 13 ng g dw-1), and cucumber (up to 63, 2.6, and 15 ng g dw-1), which were significantly correlated with those in groundwater samples, indicating PFAS contaminations could be introduced into soil and vegetables in the greenhouse through long-term groundwater irrigation. In addition, all the levels of three main PFAS analytes in soil and vegetables presented an overall increasing trend over the period of vegetable growth. The bioaccumulation efficiencies for PFAS contaminants from soil to vegetables were negatively associated with the carbon chain length in PFASs. According to the reference dose (RfD) for PFBA, PFOA, and PFBS from the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH), daily intakes of those three analytes by rural residents in Fuxin were lower than the respective RfD via consumption of greenhouse tomatoes and cucumbers so far. However, long-term surveillance would be focused on greenhouse vegetables near the Fuxin FIP to prevent potential health risks of local residents from increasing PFAS contaminations.

Development of a handheld dual-channel optical fiber fluorescence sensor based on a smartphone.

In order to meet the needs of on-site, accurate, fast, and remote detection, we design a smartphone-based handheld dual-channel optical fiber fluorescence sensor (DOFFS), which is composed of a semiconductor laser for exciting fluorescence signals, a smartphone with a dual-bandpass filter for collecting fluorescence signals, a fiber coupler for transmitting light, and batteries for laser power supply. All the components are integrated into a 3D printed shell, on the side of which there are two fiber flanges used for fiber probe connection. The fluorescence signals of green and red quantum dots modified on the fiber probes can be captured by the smartphone camera and calculated by a self-developed Android application. The comparisons of single-channel and dual-channel fluorescence signals with pH show that the performance of the sensor is good. The proposed sensor not only can simultaneously detect dual-channel signals for fast detection needs, but it also is handheld with a small size of 79×57×154mm3 and inner power supply, and the fiber probes can be easily replaced, supporting remote and on-site applications. It is a potential tool for many occasions in many fields.

Removal of perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids (PFSAs) from synthetic and natural groundwater by electrocoagulation.

Severe contaminations of perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids (PFSAs) existed in the natural groundwater beneath a fluorochemical industrial park (FIP) in Fuxin of China. In the present study, systematic researches were performed to determine the best conditions of efficient treatment for 1 mg L-1 of PFSAs in the synthetic groundwater samples with the periodically reverse electrocoagulation (PREC) using the Al-Zn electrodes. Based upon the orthogonal experiments, the removal efficiencies of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) could reach 87.4%, 95.6%, and 100%, respectively, within the initial 10 min, under the optimal conditions of voltage at 12.0 V, pH at 7.0, and stirring speed at 400 rpm. In addition, the optimized PREC technique was further applied to remove the PFSA contaminations from the natural groundwater samples of the Fuxin FIP, subsequently generating the removal efficiencies of three target PFSA analytes in the range between 59.0% and 100% at 60 min. Moreover, the SEM-EDS analyses showed the hydroxide flocs formed during the process of PREC treatment had clear characteristics of floc aggregates, with the major constituents of O, Al, C, N, Zn, and F elements. As a result, long-chain PFHxS and PFOS tended to be eliminated completely from the natural groundwater by their absorptions on the Al-Zn hydroxide flocs, potentially because of their higher hydrophobicity compared with short-chain PFBS.

[Effect of qingchang huash recipe on NF-kappaB/Tolls pathway in ulcerative colitis patients and mechanism study].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Qingchang Huashi Recipe (QHR) on the activation and expressions of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and contents of interleukin-8 (IL-8), thus exploring its possible mechanisms for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: The HT-29 cells were induced to inflammation model by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). HT-29 cells were divided into 6 groups, i.e., the vehicle control group, the model control group, the sulfasalazine (SASP) group, the high dose QHR group, the middle dose QHR group, the low dose QHR group. Effects on the cell growth were detected by MTT. The chemoattractant of macrophages was observed using Transwell. The expressions of NF-kappaB and TLR4 protein were detected using immune cell fluorescence method. The content of IL-8 was detected by ELISA. RESULTS: The growth of cells were not inhibited in each group. Statistical difference existed in each dose QHR group in inhibiting the chemoattractant of macrophages, reducing activation of NF-kappaB, lowing expressions of TLR4 protein, and decreasing the secretion of IL-8, when compared with the model control group (P < 0.05). No statistical difference existed in inhibiting the chemoattractant of macrophages between the high dose QHR group and the vehicle control group (P > 0.05). But its inhibition on NF-kappaB activation was higher in the high dose QHR group than in the SASP group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: QHR could obviously attenuate the inflammatory reaction of HT-29 cells, inhibit the chemoattractant of macrophages, reduce the activation of NF-kappaB, lower expressions of TLR-4, and attenuate the secretion of IL-8, which might be one of its mechanisms for treating UC.

Propofol induces rat embryonic neural stem cell apoptosis by activating both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.

Propofol has previously been shown to have detrimental effects on the developing brain. Neural stem cells, identified in the embryonic brain as well as in the adult brain, are multipotent, self-renewing cells, which are capable of differentiating into different phenotypes of the nervous system. The present study was designed to investigate propofol-induced rat embryonic neural stem cell apoptosis and its potential mechanisms. Rat embryonic neural stem cells were isolated, cultured and characterized. Treatment of these cultured stem cells with different doses of propofol was carried out and cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and apoptosis by flow cytometric analysis. Cellular levels of active forms of caspase-3 and caspase-8, which regulate the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, and of caspase-9 and cytochrome C, which regulate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, were detected by western blotting. Over 95% of isolated rat embryonic neural stem cells expressed the Nestin protein, as detected by immunofluorescence staining. Using an in vitro cell culture system, we showed that propofol inhibited cell growth and induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, western blot analysis showed that propofol treatment significantly elevated levels of active forms of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and cytochrome C in the embryonic neural stem cells. Propofol induced rat embryonic neural stem cell apoptosis and activated caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and cytochrome C, suggesting that propofol-induced stem cell apoptosis may be regulated through both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.

[Relationship between integrin-linked kinase expression and renal glomerular damage in children with Henoch-Schnlein purpura nephritis].

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have shown that integrin linked kinase (ILK) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of some kidney diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ILK and renal glomerular damage in children with Henoch schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). METHODS: One hundred and eighty eight HSPN children (aged 3 to 17 years) were assigned to five groups according to the classification of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC): grade < or = IIa (n = 62), grade IIb (n = 42), grade IIIa (n = 29), grade IIIb (n = 40) and grade > or = IV (n = 15). Fifteen children with basement membrane nephropathy served as the control group. ILK expression on glomeruli was ascertained by immunohistochemical staining. The relationships of ILK expression on glomeruli with glomerular histopathologic lesions and urinary protein excretions were examined. RESULTS: The positive areas of ILK expression on glomeruli in the control, grade < or = IIa, grade IIb, grade IIIa, grade IIIb and grade > or = IV groups were (3.35 + or - 1.01)%, (4.88 + or - 1.13)%, (9.64 + or - 1.36)%, (11.27 + or - 1.68)%, (17.42 + or -3.0)% and (20.62 + or - 2.32%), respectively. There were significant differences in the ILK expression between groups (p<0.01). ILK expression on glomeruli increased with increased urinary protein excretions. There were significant differences in the ILK expression in children with different urinary protein excretions (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ILK might be involved in the process of renal glomerular histopathologic damage and the production of proteinuria in children with HSPN.

[Insect community and its relationship with Ceroplastes japonicus occurrence in jujube orchards].

Employing community character indices and canonical correlation analysis, this paper studied the insect communi structure and its relationship with the occurrence degree of Ceroplastes japonicus in jujube orchards. The results showed that based on the community discrepancy coefficient of 0.20, the insect community in various sampling fields could be categorized into two groups, i. e. , plain and hill. The occurrence of C. japonicus in plain region was heavier, with lower insect community diversity, smaller species number, and higher dominance of phytophagous insects, while that in hill region was lighter, with higher insect community diversity, more abundant species, and higher dominance of natural enemy insects. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that at the significant level of 0.05, the first and second pairs of canonical correlation coefficients of C. japonicus occurrence characters and insect community characters were 0. 9904 and 0.8538, respectively, suggesting that the occurrence of C.japonicus was significantly correlated with the characters of insect community. Community diversity (with the coefficient of 3. 4893), species number (with the coefficient of 5.8060), and dominance (with the coefficient of 6.9353) had most important effects on the occurrence of C. japonicus.