[Multifactorial analysis of the degree of hearing loss and outcome in patients with sudden hearing loss].

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the severity and curative effect of hearing loss and clinical indicators in patients with sudden hearing loss （SHL）. Methods:The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the efficacy of SHL and clinical indicators.A total of two hundred and seventy-three patients with SHL were selected and divided into three quantile groups according to the average hearing threshold of the the involved ear frequency of the first pure tone audiometry at admission. Univariate and multivariate ordered logistic regression were used to evaluate the relationship between initial hearing level and clinical indicators of SHL patients. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between efficacy of SHL and clinical indicators. Results:Compared with patients with lower hearing loss （≤50 dB HL），patients with higher hearing loss （>50 dB HL） had higher Neutrophil, Monocyte, Triglycerides, Hemoglobin, Fibrinogen, Glucose, Neutrophil/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio （NHR）, Monocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, Monocyte/lymphocyte cell ratio, age, dizziness, and lower Platelet/ lymphocyte cell ratio and High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and poor final hearing threshold.Multivariate logistic regression showed that NHR and age were independent risk factors for initial hearing loss in SHL patients.And the NHR, Neutrophil/lymphocyte cell ratio （NLR）, course of disease, type of hearing curve, and final hearing threshold were significantly negatively correlated with curative effect. Conclusion:SHL patients with higher NHR and NLR values, the longer time from onset to visit, and the more severe hearing loss had worse efficacy.However, SHL patients with higher NHR and age values had greater initial hearing loss,the degree of hearing loss and curative effect are different in SHL patients with different types of hearing threshold curve and age.

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed the regulatory mechanism of sulfur application in grain yield and protein content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Sulfur fertilizers play an important role in increasing the yield and improving the dough quality of bread wheat, but their regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, 0 kg·ha-1 (S0) and 60 kg·ha-1 (S60) of sulfur were applied on the anthesis date; subsequently, immature wheat grains at 8, 13, and 18 days post-anthesis (DPA) were subjected to integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate the changes in the gene/metabolite activity in a typical strong-gluten wheat, Gaoyou2018 (GY2018). Our data show that the S60 treatment could significantly increase the grain yield and grain protein content by 13.2 and 3.6%, respectively. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that 10,694 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were induced by S60 from 8 to 18 DPA when compared with their corresponding no-sulfur controls, and most DEGs were mainly involved in lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways. Ninety-seven MYB transcription factors (TFs) were identified as responsive to the S60 treatment; of these, 66 showed significantly differential expression at 13 DPA, and MYB118 might participate in the process of sulfur metabolism by regulating glucosinolate synthesis. In total, 542 significantly enriched differentially expressed (DE) metabolites (DEMs) were identified following the S60 treatment, which mainly included secondary metabolites, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Several metabolites (e.g., glutathione, sucrose, GDP-alpha-D-glucose, and amino acids) exhibited altered abundances following the S60 treatment. The combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses highlighted the important role of amino acid metabolism (especially cysteine, methionine, and glutathione metabolism) and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways after S60 application. Our results provide valuable information enhancing our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the response to sulfur and provide useful clues for grain protein quality formation and yield improvement in bread wheat.

[Relationship between rs1057141 and rs1135216 polymorphisms of TAP1 gene and allergic rhinitis in Xinjiang Han people].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) rs1057141 and rs1135216 gene polymorphisms and predisposition to allergic rhinitis (AR) in Xinjiang Han people. METHOD: A case control study was conducted. The region of the TAP1 * rs1057141 and rs1135216 was studied in 150 Xinjiang Han people with allergic rhinitis and 150 normal controls by using SNaPshot system, and these data were compared with other ethics groups in the world according to the NCBI gene bank. RESULT: The genotypes distribution of the group were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P>0.05). The frequencies of three genotypes(G/G, G/A, A/A) of TAP1 * rs1057141 were 4.00%, 30.00%, 66.00% in controls and 2.70%, 33.30%, 64.00% in AR groups , which showed no difference (P>0.05). The frequencies of three genotypes (G/G,G/A,A/A) of TAP1 * rs1135216 were 2.0%, 28.7%, 69.3% in controls and 1.30%, 27.30%, 71.40% in AR groups, which showed no difference either (P>0.05). According to the NCBI database, there was difference between Xinjiang Han people and other ethnics in the world. CONCLUSION: Lacking association was found between the mutation of TAP1 * rs1057141, rs1135216 gene G allele and allergic rhinitis in the Xinjiang Han people. Maybe TAP1 * rs1057141, rs1135216 were not susceptibility genes to AR. And apparent differences existed in TAP1 gene polymorphisms between Xinjiang Han people and other ethnic groups in the world.

[On the clinical application of spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction of middle ear ossicles].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the CT virtual endoscopy (CTVE) shows the display method of the normal structure of the middle ear, and evaluation of middle ear disease, particularly in the value and significance of the connection status of the ossicular chain, established display ossicular chain and middle ear structure methods. METHOD: Volume scanning with a spiral CT unit was performed in forty normal cases and thirty patients with suspected lesions of middle ear. Respectively, with Germany's Siemens (Siemens SOMATOM Sensation 16) spiral CT the Inner Ear scanner patients with axial scanning, reconstruction of the original image, the software selected Fly-through A, B, C the point approach CTVE imaging studies. Focus ossicular chain connection status, and chronic otitis media shown the results of surgery in exploratory image control. RESULT: Normal group CTVE in the hammer bone, incus promontory, facial nerve, the lateral semicircular canal display rate was 100%; stapes, the two arch of the display rate in three display levels, respectively, to 57.5%, 70.0%, 97.5%; round window, oval window was 90.0%, 93.0%, 97.5%. Ossicular injury, displacement, interruption, deletion, deformity in cases of otitis media, trauma, temporal bone malformations. CONCLUSION: CTVE link relations between the three ossicles (such as interrupt, etc.) have a certain advantage. By choosing the appropriate approach, CTVE has a considerable advantage in the ossicles and their connections, relations as well as pathological state. By comparing CTVE in three different display levels,the technique of CTVE is considered to be an advantageous supplement of tomography.

[Relationship between polymorphism sites of Tim-3 and allergic rhinitis in a population of Uigurs and Hans from Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region of China].

OBJECTIVE: To find the relationship between the polymorphism of the Tim-3 gene mononucleotide site rs10515746 (-574G > T), rs4704853 (-882C > T), rs13170556, rs6555849 and the allergic rhinitis (AR) susceptibility in a population of Uigurs and Hans from Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region of China. METHODS: The two mononucleotide polymorphism site of Uigur and Han AR patients and normal people were analyzed in Xinjiang in terms of SNaPshot SNP typing technique. The gene type and allelomorph frequency were than calculated. According to the Tim-3 gene layout, the gene type and the allelomorph frequency had been calculated. The Hardy-Weinberg balance law had been used for exam ination. RESULTS: There were no statistic differences between the genotype and alleles of each frequency [site rs10515746(-574G > T), rs4704853 (-882C > T), rs13170556 and rs6555849)] of Uighurs, in group AR and matched group (all P > 0.05). There were no statistic differences between the genotype and alleles of each frequency of Han people in group AR and matched group (all P > 0.05). Except Han cases site rs4704853, the distribution of other genotype and alleles of each frequency accord with heredity balance through the Hardy-Weinberg balance law. CONCLUSIONS: In Xinjiang Uigur autonomous region, locus of gene Tim-3, site rs10515746(-574G > T), rs4704853(-882C > T), rs13170556 and rs6555849, has the polymorphism of the Tim-3 gene mononucleotide. There is no correlation between AR susceptibility and Tim-3 gene mononucleotide site of Uigur people and Han people in Xinjiang.

[Study on the relationship between SNP of CD14 gene and allergic rhinitis in Xinjiang Uygurs and Hans].

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between CD14 gene rs2569192(C/G), rs3138078 (--1359G/T) and allergic rhinitis (AR) in Xinjiang Uygur and Han populations as well as to determine characteristics of polymorphisms. METHOD: A total of 300 AR and 300 healthy controls subjects were included. The frequencies of genotypes and alleles were detected as well as the levels of tIgE in different genotypes were compared. RESULT: (1) The distribution of genotypes or alleles of CD14 gene rs2569192 (C/G), rs3138078 (--1359G/T) had no differences between the Xinjiang Uygurs and Hans (P > 0.05). The highest frequency of alleles was C, G. (2) The frequencies of genotypes and alleles were not different between the AR and control group in Uygur and Han (P > 0.05). The frequencies of genotypes and alleles of rs2569192 were different between the Uygur AR and Han AR group (P < 0.05). (3) The distribution of genotype frequencies and allele of rs 2569192 in the Xinjiang Uygur and Han population were quite different from Chinese Beijing Han populations, Japanese, European and African (P < 0.05). (4) The serum total IgE level in AR group was higher than that in healthy control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: (1) rs2569192 (C/G), rs3138078 (--1359G/T) polymorphisms were not different between the Chinese Xinjiang Uygur and Han population. The major allele were both C and G. rs2569192 of CD14 in Xinjiang populations was different from that in the other populations. (2) No relationship between rs2569192, rs3138078 and AR was found. (3) The serum total IgE level in AR group was higher than that in healthy control group. No relationship between CD14 two SNP and serum total IgE level was found.

Synthesis, characterization and photochromic studies of three novel calix[4]arene-Schiff bases.

Synthesis and characterization of three novel Schiff bases based on calix[4]arene are described. The synthesis of these compounds had been achieved by the condensation of salicylaldehyde derivatives with the amine group of upper rim of de-butylcalix[4]arene in ethanol. The structures of new compounds were confirmed on the basis of IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, MS and elementary analysis. Photochromic properties of compounds were studied in CH(3)CN by UV/vis and fluorescence spectra. These Schiff base-calix[4]arene can be used in certain 'supermolecular electronic devices' through combining the photochromic behaviors with others such as non-linear optical or charge transfer properties.

An artificial aspartic proteinase system.

A series of aza crown ether derivatives with or without carboxyl groups in their side arms were synthesized and the former showed deacylation activities toward amino acid p-nitrophenyl ester hydrohalides. Substrate-selective phenomena were also observed. The relationship between the structures and deacylation activities of corresponding compounds suggested a nucleophilic catalytic mechanism. The results partially simulate some aspartic proteinases in the case of catalytic mechanism and are also useful for us to understand the detailed catalytic process of aspartic proteinases.