[The low content of apolipoprotein E as a risk factor of increasing of ratio apolipoprotein B/A-1 in healthy males with normal lipemia].

The relationship of ratio of apolipoprotein (apo) B/apoA-1 with other indicators of lipid metabolism in healthy people with normal lipemia was analyzed. The dependence of ratio of apolipoprotein (apo) B/apoA-1 from content of apoE (X2=8.20; p=0.042) was established. Under low indicators of apoE risk of detection of unfavorable ratio apolipoprotein (apo) B/apoA-1 (higher than 0.9) increases (probability ratio 0.61, CI 95% 0.41-0.88, p=0.009). It is possible that low content of apoE results in deceleration of elimination and accumulation of lipoproteins in blood. This occurrence is followed by alteration of balance between apoE and apoA-1. In general, among patients with unfavorable ratio apoB/apoA-1 in spite of normal lipemia were detected higher indicators of triglycerides and atherogenic index of plasma and lower values of ratio of cholesterol lipoproteins of low density and apoB. This observation indicates on increasing of quantity triglyceride-reach lipoproteins and little solid lipoproteins of low density. Therefore, low content of apoE in blood can be considered as a predictor of increasing of ratio apoB/apoA-1 in healthy persons.

[Effects of acute normobaric hypoxia on free plasma amino acids metabolism in humans].

We demonstrated significant changes in levels of several plasma free amino acids--proline, hydroxyproline, glycine, and phenylalanine--in healthy volunteers in response to severe acute normobaric hypoxia (breathing nitrogen-oxygen mixture with 9% of O2). We assume that demonstrated an increase of free proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine in plasma in the 10th minute of hypoxia was caused by increased collagenolysis due to hypoxic activation of matrix metalloproteinases. Significantly increased levels of free phenylalanine in the 10th and 20th minutes of hypoxia were the consequences of autophagy activation. Our results suggest that acute severe normobaric hypoxia has specific effects on plasma free amino acids in healthy humans.

[Lipids metabolism at aboriginal adolescents in Russian European North].

The aim of our research was to investigate the contents of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins in blood plasma of aboriginal adolescents of Russian European North (komi, n=104). It was established that there are specific Lipemic index at aboriginal adolescents: low level of the general cholesterol, triglycerides, transport lipoproteins both their albuminous components and raised proportion omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids concerning recommended specifications. Level of fat-soluble vitamins also has been considerably lowered. Adolescents living in 62 degrees N differed as a completely higher level of atherogenous fractions of lipids, than the adolescents of Circumpolar regions (65 degrees N) having traditional

[Serum glucose level in acute severe hypoxia in human at rest].

Study of the effects of acute normobaric hypoxia was performed on a group of young healthy males (age 19-23, n = 10). Conditions of acute normobaric hypoxia were modeled by using oxygen-nitrogen mixture containing 8% of oxygen as a breath gas. That level of oxygen corresponds with its partial pressure at 7000 meters above sea level. A number of different analyses were conducted during experiment: levels of glucose, pyruvate, lactate in peripheral venous blood, hemoglobin, pH, hematocrit, partial pressures of 02 and CO2, hemoglobin saturation. It was shown that on 5th minute of hypoxia serum glucose level decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The average decrease was about 0.76 mmol/l in its maximum and lowest individual glucose levels were 4.0 mmol/l or higher. Serum glucose level returned to background values (assessed before the test) at 10th minute of experiment. In our opinion results of the study suggest that syncopal form of height hypoxia may be caused by the reasons other than hypoglycemia.

[Fatty acid of human plasma under the influence of acute strong normobaric hypoxia].

The influence of acute normobaric hypoxia on total pool of human plasma fatty acids was studied in experiment (respiration of hypoxic gas mixture containing 8% of O2, during 25 min). Health status of participants-volunteers and the hypoxia intensity were monitored with a complex of electrophysiological methods: EEC, ECG, measurement of blood pressure, SpO2, evaluation of cardiac output, gas analysis of exhaled air. Using gas chromatography we studied plasma fatty acids total profile (esterificated and non-esterificated) before hypoxia exposure, on 2nd, 5th, 10th, 20th minutes of acute hypoxia and on 5th and 15th minutes of recovery. It was shown that blood saturation value dropped to 52.1 +/- 7.1 % on 25th minute of hypoxia exposure. There were no statistically significant changes in concentrations of total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated palmitoleic acid, polyunsaturated linoleic and linolenic acids. Significant (p < 0.05) decrease of concentration of oleic and arachidonic acids was displayed that persisted after 15 minutes of recovery period. It is possible to assume that these changes in unsaturated fatty acid concentration were caused by activation of free radical oxidation processes and production of oleic acid derivatives. The performed hypoxic test seemed to be sufficient in order to reveal hypoxia effects on metabolism of individual unsaturated fatty acids.

[Seasonal aspects of the oxidative stress in Northeners].

Evaluated were consequences of changes in oxygen demand, bronchial conduction, exercise performance, functioning of antioxidant enzymes and body provision with natural oxidants for the level of free-radical oxidation products in human organism. To this end, a group of essentially healthy young male northerners spending much time outdoors was surveyed over a one-year period. Among the listed parameters oxidation of free radicals was particularly sensitive to seasonal insufficiency of some of the antioxidant enzymes.

[Gas liquid chromatographic determination of tricarbonic cycle acids in human plasma].

A procedure is proposed to identify non-volatile organic acids in small human plasma volumes by gas liquid chromatography (GLC), which shows a high degree of acid separation with the rather simplified preparation of samples. The principle of the procedure is deproteination, simultaneous perchloric acid neutralization, plasma lipid hydrolysis, transformation of the salts of carboxylic acids to free acids, and acid methylation. Acid GLC is performed on a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector, by using a 25-m x 0.2-mm column. The peaks are identified, by correlating the retention times for reference and plasma acids. Lactate, pyruvate, fumarate, malate, alpha-ketoglutarate, citrate, and isocitrate have been identified in the plasma samples.