[Lipid composition of cells and low-density lipoproteins in blood serum of humans and some vertebrates species].

To investigate interaction of atherogenic low-density lipoproteins (LDL) with erythrocytic membrane, the content of lipid components in blood cells and serum LDL was studied in human in norm (donors) and in 12 species of vertebrates (the mammals non-predisposed to atherosclerosis - birds and fish). Lipid composition of blood cells and LDL was analyzed also in patients with pathologies: ischemic heart disease (IHD), bronchial asthma (BA), and chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB), and in 2 species of mammals predisposed to atherosclerosis, in whose blood LDL predominates. The content of lipids in cells and LDL of the studied vertebrates has been found to depend on their taxonomy and the clear trends both to an increase of the cholesterol content and to a decrease if the phosphatidylcholine level in patients, particu- larly with IHD, and on a rise of the ratio of the content of the more saturated sphingomyelin and cholesterol to the less saturated phosphatidylcholine from the lower to the higher organisms, including humans (donors). The highest levels of free cholesterol in blood cells, of total cholesterol in LDL, and of ration of the cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine content have been revealed in patients, especially with 1HB, and in the mammals predisposed to atherosclerosis, i. e., in representatives with predominance of blood LDL, unlike donors and the mammals resistant to atherosclerosis. The highest parameters of lipid components were determined in cells and LDL inhuman with IHD. The lipid LDL composition affects directly the composition and ratio of lipids in blood cells.

[Comparative biochemical analysis of blood serum lipoproteins from human and various animal species].

Lipid composition of blood serum and total lipids of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL2 and HDL3) were studied in human (donors, patients with ischemic heart disease, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive bronchitis, as well as with a combined pathology), in mammals predisposed to atherosclerosis (pig, rabbit) and resistant to atherosclerosis (rat, mink, Arctic fox), in birds (hen, pigeon), in teleost fish (white fish, pikeperch, pike, bream, burbot) and cartilaginous fish (sturgeon, housen). It has been established that the most enriched in lipids is the blood serum of animals, particularly of cartilaginous fish. Twice lower is the lipid content in blood serum of donors than of animals. However, in the vascular, bronchial-pulmonary, and combined human pathologies the lipid level rises statistically significantly. In human and in animals predisposed to atherosclerosis the main mass of lipid is located in LDL, whereas in animals resistant to this disease--in HDL. The ratio of the human lipid content in LDL/HDL increases from 1.4 (in donors) to 2.7 in pathological states--in ischemic heart disease and its combination with chronic obstructive disease. In animals, a decrease of this ratio is noted from 1.0 to 0.2 in cartilaginous fish. By the example of one taxon (fish) there is established a regularity that indicates that evolution of lipoproteins occurred with an increase of the lipid amount in the "younger" LDL and with a decrease of concentration of the "colder" HDL.

[Content of the main lipid components in blood serum lipoproteins of human and of various animal species].

Using precipitation method, low-density (LDL) and high-density (HDL2 and HDL3) lipoproteins were isolated from blood serum of human (donors, patients with ischemic heart) diseases--IHD, with bronchial asthma--BA, with chronic obstructive bronchitis--COB), of mammals predisposed (pig, rabbit) and resistant (rat, mink, Arctic fox) to atherosclerosis, of birds (hen, pigeon), of bony fish (trout, white-fish, pike-perch, pike, bream, burbot), and of cartilaginous fish (sturgeon, white sturgeon). From each lipoprotein group, lipids were extracted, separated by thin-layer chromatography, and analyzed quantitatively by the spectrophotometric method. In phosphatidylcholine and HDL2 cholesterol esters, bound fatty acids (FA) were determined by the method of gas-liquid chromatography. The main amount of total cholesterol has been established to be concentrated in human LDL, especially in the cases of IHD, and in LDL in mammals predisposed to atherosclerosis. In mammals resistant to atherosclerosis and in fish the almost entire cholesterol was revealed in HDL. The phospholipid content in HDL was lower in patients with pathologies and in mammals predisposed to atherosclerosis, while the highest content--in fish and mammals resistant to atherosclerosis. In homoiothermal animals and in human the main FA amount in HDL was represented by the omega6-series. Acids of the omega3-series amounted to a negligible percentage, especially in IHD. On the contrary, the HDL FA composition of poikilothermal animals (fish) had a very high content of polyunsaturated FA of the omega3-series. A conclusion is made that composition of lipid components in animal lipoproteins by the example of several studied species and of human has a non-stable character and is submitted to changes. Their most pronounced modifications with a negative trend took place in human LDL and HDL in IHD.

[Relationship of the levels of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid in blood serum and low density lipoproteins in patients with bronchial asthma and change in the value during restricted-diet therapy]. / Sootnoshenie soderzhaniia arakhidonovoi i éikozapentaenovoi kislot v syvorotke krovi i lipoproteidakh nizkoi plotnosti bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi i izmenenie étoi velichniy pri razgruzochno- dieticheskoi terapii.

Lipid metabolism in patients with infection-dependent bronchial asthma was compared before and after 14 days low-diet therapy. After therapy the proportion AA/EPA in blood serum and in low density lipoproteins considerably decreased to (p < 0.05).

[Changes in the lipid composition of the blood serum lipoproteins during the hormonal treatment of patients with bronchial asthma]. / Izmenenie lipidnogo sostava lipoproteidov syvorotki krovi v protsesse lecheniia gormonami bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi.

Ultracentrifugation, thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography were employed to study changes in lipid metabolism in 25 patients with bacterial asthma on glucocorticoid therapy. Before and 1 weeks after administration of glucocorticoid measurements were made of phospholipids, cholesterol and its esters, triacylglycerols in LDL, HDL2 and HDL3. It was found that hormone treatment leads to an increase in the total phospholipid pool in all lipoprotein fractions. High levels of lecithin and palmitinic acid contributed to improvement in composition of pulmonary surfactant. Decreased atherogenicity, a trend to membrane stabilization were positive, while high percentage of saturated fatty acids and low levels of polyenic acids in LDL and HDL2 were negative effects of hormone treatment. Correction of metabolism at the level of fatty acid composition is necessary.

[Characteristics of the lipid composition of atherogenic and anti-atherogenic serum lipoproteins in patients with bronchial asthma]. / Kharakteristika lipidnogo sostava aterogenykh i antiaterogennykh lipoproteidov syvorotki krovi bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi.

Complete lipid composition was estimated in both atherogenic lipoproteins of low density (LDL) and in antiatherogenic lipoproteins of high density HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions isolated from blood serum of 25 healthy volunteers and of 40 patients with bronchial asthma; ultracentrifugation, thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometry were used in experiments. Development of bronchial asthma was accompanied by district impairments in the spectrum of structure containing lipids especially due to decrease in content of lecithin in LDL and HDL2, of phosphatidic acid in LDL and in the HDL fractions; both these lipids are main constituents of the surfactant system in the respiratory tract. Besides, metabolism of cholesterol was also impaired, while cholesterol esters were redistributed between various lipoproteins, thus total cholesterol was increased in LDL and HDL3; however, cholesterol coefficient in the patients maintained within the same limits as compared with that of donors.