Anisakiasis intestinal aguda / Acute intestinal anisakiasis

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De metadona a buprenorfina. La inducción del tratamiento / From methadone to buprenorphine. Treatment induction

Objetivo: La inducción de buprenorfina en pacientes en tratamiento con metadona es una parte fundamental del tratamiento y va a condicionar la continuidad y retención posterior. Esto se debe a sus características farmacológicas, mayor afinidad por los receptores opiáceos que la metadona pero menor actividad intrínseca sobre ellos.Cuando los pacientes en mantenimiento con metadona toman una dosis de buprenorfina se desplaza la metadona que queda en los receptores opiáceos precipitando síntomas de abstinencia.Material y métodos: se analiza el proceso de la inducción con buprenorfina en pacientes en programas de mantenimiento con metadona.Resultados: El objetivo de esta fase es encontrar la dosis mínima de buprenorfina con la que el paciente se encuentre bien, sin deseo de consumo ni síntomas de abstinencia.Conclusiones: El clínico debe tener en cuenta una serie de parámetros al plantearse la transición como determinar el tiempo de espera adecuado para la transición basado en la dosis y la concentración plasmática de metadona previa al cambio, evaluación de síntomas de abstinencia en los diferentes momentos del proceso de inducción, consumo de otros opiáceos, dosificación adecuada de buprenorfina e información a los pacientes (AU)

Differential serological testing by simultaneous indirect immunofluorescent antibody test in canine leishmaniosis and ehrlichiosis.

A mixed indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT), based on cultured promastigotes Leishmania infantum and formol-inactivated suspension of cells infected with the bacteria Ehrlichia canis, was applied to make a differential diagnosis between canine ehrlichiosis and leishmaniosis. A titre greater than 80 was considered positive for antibodies to E. canis and suggestive of antibodies to L. infantum. Positive sera were titrated subsequently by serial dilutions to confirm antibodies positive to Leishmania and establishing the antibody titre of both pathogens. Fluorescence was absent with negative control sera and background staining was minimal. No serological cross-reactions between positive sera for L. infantum or E. canis were detected. Results obtained by mixed IFAT did not differ when the same serum IFAT standard was compared. The test showed equivalent sensitivity (100%). The specifities were 100% for L. infantum and 98.5% for E. canis. The equivalence in sensitivity was confirmed by calculating the correlation coefficient between IFAT standards and mixed IFAT (r>or=0.99 for both pathogens). The results of our investigations demonstrated that mixed IFAT is a specific means of establishing serological differential diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis and ehrlichiosis.

Toxocariosis ocular: la realidad de un problema poco conocido / Ocular toxocariosis: the reality of a little known problem

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[Nevirapine induces abstinence symptoms in patients on a methadone maintenance program with HIV infection]. / La nevirapina induce síntomas de abstinencia en pacientes en programa de mantenimiento con metadona con infección por VIH.

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential inductive effect of nevirapine (NVP) with methadone. Eight patients on the methadone maintenance programme with anti-retroviral therapy because of their infection with HIV, well maintained with methadone and without symptoms of abstinence were studied. All were included in a study of measurement of plasma levels of methadone. Anti-retroviral medication was changed, including NVP, and patients began with symptoms of abstinence 5 to 10 days later. Our results indicate an inductive effect of NVP on the methadone metabolism which caused symptoms of abstinence in all patients, which prompted an increase in the dose and plasma concentration of methadone was lost; patients continued with significantly low plasma levels (p < 0.01) after a therapy mean duration of 6.5 months, with no full recovery.

La nevirapina induce síntomas de abstinencia en pacientes en programa de mantenimiento con metadona con infección por VIH / Nevirapine induces abstinence symptoms among HIV-infected patients on a methadone maintenance programme

El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue investigar el posible efecto inductor de la nevirapina (NVP) con la metadona. Estudiamos ocho pacientes en programa de mantenimiento con metadona con tratamiento antirretrovírico por su infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, bien mantenidos con metadona y sin síntomas de abstinencia a opiáceos. Todos estaban incluidos en un estudio de medición de niveles plasmáticos de metadona. Se les cambió la medicación antirretrovírica, incluyendo NVP, y comenzaron con síntomas de abstinencia entre los cinco y los diez días posteriores. Nuestros resultados indican un efecto inductor de la NVP en el metabolismo de la metadona que produjo síntomas de abstinencia en todos ellos, obligando a subir las dosis y perdiendo su concentración plasmática de metadona; continuaron con niveles en plasma significativamente bajos (p < 0,01) tras una media de tratamiento de 6,5 meses, sin llegar a recuperarse (AU)

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Hepatic arterial thrombosis due to Mucor species in a child following orthotopic liver transplantation.

Infection is a frequent complication in patients following liver transplantation, and mycotic etiology is the third most common cause. Thrombosis of the hepatic artery is a high-risk condition for the graft and is generally secondary to noninfectious diseases. We present a 2-year-old child who developed hepatic artery obstruction due to Mucor sp. The child did not respond to medical treatment. We conclude that a high index of suspicion and rapid diagnosis are required so that aggressive and early treatment can be initiated. To our knowledge this is the first case published with this particular association.

Trasplante hepático con donante vivo relacionado (DVR): experiencia en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires / Liver transplantation with living related donor: our experience

Antecedentes: El trasplante hepático es hoy una terapéutica de elección para pacientes con enfermedades hepáticas terminales. La disponibilidad de órganos de donante cadavérico es el factor crítico que limita su empleo, especialmente en niños. Diferentes técnicas se han desarrollado para paliar esta situación. Una de ellas, el trasplante con donante vivo relacionado representa una nueva opción para empleo en la población pediátrica. Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires con la aplicación de esta técnica. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Población: Entre enero de 1988 y abril de 1997 se evaluaron 224 pacientes pediátricos para ser trasplantados, se realizaron 78 trasplantes en 69 pacientes. En 14 se utilizó un segmento hepático proveniente de donante vivo (8 padres y 6 madres). Método: Se realizó una exhaustiva evaluación de los donantes. Se realizó trasplante ortotópico con el segmento lateral izquierdo, de acuerdo a la técnica descripta por Broelsch y Emond con modificaciones introducidas por nosotros. Resultados: De 30 potenciales donantes evaluados sólo 14 (47 por ciento) fueron aceptados. Tres presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias y no hubo mortalidad. Dos receptores debieron ser retrasplantados con evolución satisfactoria y dos fallecieron. La sobrevida de pacientes electivos fue del 92,3 por ciento y la sobrevida del injerto 76,9 por ciento. La mortalidad en lista de espera disminuyó del 49 al 16 por ciento desde que comenzamos con el uso de esta técnica. Conclusiones: El trasplante con donante vivo es un procedimiento alternativo para pacientes pediátrico, especialmente de bajo peso, que pueda paliar la baja oferta de donantes cadavéricos pediátricos. Debe ser realizado en centros con experiencia en cirugía resectiva hepatobiliar y trasplante

Trasplante hepático con donante vivo relacionado (DVR): experiencia en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires / Liver transplantation with living related donor: our experience

Antecedentes: El trasplante hepático es hoy una terapéutica de elección para pacientes con enfermedades hepáticas terminales. La disponibilidad de órganos de donante cadavérico es el factor crítico que limita su empleo, especialmente en niños. Diferentes técnicas se han desarrollado para paliar esta situación. Una de ellas, el trasplante con donante vivo relacionado representa una nueva opción para empleo en la población pediátrica. Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires con la aplicación de esta técnica. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo. Población: Entre enero de 1988 y abril de 1997 se evaluaron 224 pacientes pediátricos para ser trasplantados, se realizaron 78 trasplantes en 69 pacientes. En 14 se utilizó un segmento hepático proveniente de donante vivo (8 padres y 6 madres). Método: Se realizó una exhaustiva evaluación de los donantes. Se realizó trasplante ortotópico con el segmento lateral izquierdo, de acuerdo a la técnica descripta por Broelsch y Emond con modificaciones introducidas por nosotros. Resultados: De 30 potenciales donantes evaluados sólo 14 (47 por ciento) fueron aceptados. Tres presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias y no hubo mortalidad. Dos receptores debieron ser retrasplantados con evolución satisfactoria y dos fallecieron. La sobrevida de pacientes electivos fue del 92,3 por ciento y la sobrevida del injerto 76,9 por ciento. La mortalidad en lista de espera disminuyó del 49 al 16 por ciento desde que comenzamos con el uso de esta técnica. Conclusiones: El trasplante con donante vivo es un procedimiento alternativo para pacientes pediátrico, especialmente de bajo peso, que pueda paliar la baja oferta de donantes cadavéricos pediátricos. Debe ser realizado en centros con experiencia en cirugía resectiva hepatobiliar y trasplante (AU)

The 16,17-double bond is needed for irreversible inhibition of human cytochrome p45017alpha by abiraterone (17-(3-pyridyl)androsta-5, 16-dien-3beta-ol) and related steroidal inhibitors.

Abiraterone (17-(3-pyridyl)androsta-5,16-dien-3beta-ol, 1) is a potent inhibitor (IC50 4 nM for hydroxylase) of human cytochrome P45017alpha. To assist in studies of the role of the 16,17-double bond in its mechanism of action, the novel 17alpha-(4-pyridyl)androst-5-en-3beta-ol (5) and 17beta-(3-pyridyl)-16,17alpha-epoxy-5alpha-androst-3beta-ol (6) were synthesized. 3beta-Acetoxyetienic acid was converted in three steps into 5 via photolysis of the thiohydroxamic ester 8. Oxidation of an appropriate 16,17-unsaturated precursor (21) with CrO3-pyridine afforded the acetate (23) of 6. Inhibition of the enzyme by 1, the similarly potent 5,6-reduced analogue 19 (IC50 5 nM), and the 4, 16-dien-3-one 26 (IC50 3 nM) and by the less potent (IC50 13 nM) 3,5, 16-triene 25 is slow to occur but is enhanced by preincubation of the inhibitor with the enzyme. Inhibition following preincubation with these compounds is not lessened by dialysis for 24 h, implying irreversible binding to the enzyme. In contrast under these conditions the still potent (IC50 27 nM) 17alpha-(4-pyridyl)androst-5-en-3beta-ol (5) showed partial reversal after 5 h of dialysis and complete reversal of inhibition after 24 h. This behavior was also shown by the less potent 16,17-reduced 3-pyridyl compounds 3 and 24. Further, in contrast to the compounds (1, 19, 25, 26) with the 16,17-double bond, the inhibition of the enzymic reaction was not enhanced by preincubation either with 5 or with the 17beta-pyridyl analogues 3, 4, and 24 which also lack this structural feature. The results show that the 16,17-double bond is necessary for irreversible binding of these pyridyl steroids to cytochrome P45017alpha. However oxidation to an epoxide is probably not involved since epoxide 6 was only a moderately potent inhibitor (IC50 260 nM).

Synthesis, antimicrobial and cytostatic activity of 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranosyl (-)-(S)-propanesulfinate.

The synthesis of 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropilidene-alpha-D-glucofuranosyl (-)-(S)-propanesulfinate 1 optically pure using diacetone-D-glucose as unique inducer of chirality and iPrEtN a base is described. Compound 1 was especially active against Gram positive bacteria. For the cytostatic activity, the ID50 value of compound 1 was inferior than those recommend by National Cancer Institute of USA for this type of compounds.

Successive myocardial infarctions in a patient with Mahaim fiber syndrome.

A patient with Mahaim fiber syndrome suffered two acute myocardial infarctions during the last two years. Anomalous atrioventricular excitation was intermittent. Diagnosis of both anteroseptal and anterolateral electrocardiographic myocardial infarction could be made despite ventricular pre-excitation. These findings have not been previously published, to our knowledge.

Traumatic thoracic aorta-innominate vein fistula: a case report.

Traumatic thoracic aorta-innominate vein fistulae are very rare. We present the case of a 20-year-old woman who sustained a stab wound to the left side of the chest. The physical examination was unremarkable. A chest radiograph showed a widened mediastinum, and arteriography demonstrated an arterio-venous fistula involving the thoracic aorta and the innominate vein. Operative repair was accomplished and the patient recovered.

Treatment of cutaneous abscess: a double-blind clinical study.

Controversy exists about the value of antibiotic therapy following incision and drainage of cutaneous abscess. We undertook a randomized double-blind study to clarify the controversy. Adult patients with cutaneous abscesses who received outpatient surgical therapy were entered into the study. Following incision and drainage, patients received cephradine or placebo for seven days using a randomized code in a double-blind fashion. At the end of seven days, patients were reevaluated. Twenty-seven patients were treated with cephradine, and 23 with placebo. Ninety-six percent of the patients in each group were improved clinically after seven days. We conclude that cephradine did not alter the outcome of cutaneous abscesses at one week after incision and drainage. The implications are twofold: patients are not exposed to the potential side effects and allergic reactions of antibiotics, and the cost of health care can be reduced by not prescribing antibiotics in these patients.

Cutaneous abscesses: natural history and management in an outpatient facility.

This study investigated the natural history and treatment of cutaneous abscesses in an outpatient setting. Incision, drainage, aerobic and anaerobic cultures were done on all 78 patients entered in the study. Tenderness and fluctuance were noted in more than 80% of the patients; erythema and induration in more than 60%. Forty-one percent of all abscesses were in the anogenital region. Forty-two percent of cultured abscesses grew aerobes exclusively, 28% grew anaerobes exclusively, and 27% grew a mixture of aerobes and anaerobes. The predominant aerobic organisms were Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, which were mostly isolated from the head/neck, extremities, and axillary regions. The predominant anaerobic organisms were Peptococcus and Bacteroides, which were primarily isolated from the anogenital regions. Nearly 60% of the patients returned for reevaluation. They were equally divided between those patients taking antibiotics and those not on antibiotics. However, all patients were clinically improved.