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1.
IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng ; 26(10): 2397-2409, 2014 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25328361

RESUMO

Physical activity consists complex behavior, typically structured in bouts which can consist of one continuous movement (e.g. exercise) or many sporadic movements (e.g. household chores). Each bout can be represented as a block of feature vectors corresponding to the same activity type. This paper introduces a general distance metric technique to use this block representation to first predict activity type, and then uses the predicted activity to estimate energy expenditure within a novel framework. This distance metric, dubbed Bipart, learns block-level information from both training and test sets, combining both to form a projection space which materializes block-level constraints. Thus, Bipart provides a space which can improve the bout classification performance of all classifiers. We also propose an energy expenditure estimation framework which leverages activity classification in order to improve estimates. Comprehensive experiments on waist-mounted accelerometer data, comparing Bipart against many similar methods as well as other classifiers, demonstrate the superior activity recognition of Bipart, especially in low-information experimental settings.

2.
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry ; 25(2): 133-41, 2010 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19582757

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: We reported the findings of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine the effects of an individualized functional enhancement program (FEP) on functional skills and mood symptoms in mild and moderate dementia. SUBJECTS & METHODS: 74 Chinese older persons with dementia were recruited into a skills training program by occupational therapists (OT). Thirty seven subjects were trained with an individualized selection of daily activities (FEP Intervention, I); 37 were trained with general occupational therapy (Control, C). The FEP comprised of twice weekly group sessions of skills training and problem solving using cognitive behavioral approach. RESULTS: At 1 month after completion of program, both I and C subjects showed an improvement in process skills of the assessment of motor and process skills (AMPS)(paired t-tests, p < 0.05). At 4 months post-program, the I group showed a further reduction of cornell scale for depression in dementia (CSDD) scores (paired t-test, p = 0.02); Apathy improved at 1 month post-training (p = 0.04), but deteriorated at 4 months (p = 0.01). Group differences in changes of mood and functional scores were not significant (ANVOCA, p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggested a potential benefit for individualized occupational therapy. It should be tailor made with individual needs and continued for sustained effectiveness.


Assuntos
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Demência/psicologia , Demência/reabilitação , Transtornos do Humor/diagnóstico , Atividades Cotidianas/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Apatia , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cognitivos/reabilitação , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo/reabilitação , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos do Humor/reabilitação , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Desempenho Psicomotor
3.
Microbiology (Reading) ; 155(Pt 9): 2856-2865, 2009 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19589829

RESUMO

As an inhabitant of the human oral cavity, Streptococcus mutans faces frequent environmental changes. Two-component regulatory systems (TCSs) play a critical role in responding to these changes. Recently, an essential TCS, VicRKX, has been identified. The objective of this study was to identify the environmental signal and bacterial factors regulating the expression of the vicRKX operon. The promoter of the vicRKX operon was fused to a promoterless lacZ reporter gene and introduced into S. mutans UA159. LacZ plate assay identified pH, vancomycin, ampicillin, penicillin G and polymyxin B, but not carbohydrates, as factors affecting expression. Using RNA dot-blotting, high levels of vicR transcript were observed in cells at the mid- and late-exponential phase of growth and in cells grown in media buffered at pH 7.8. Given that vicR expression was pH-dependent, the genes encoding a putative pH-sensing three-component regulatory system (LiaFSR) were deleted. The liaS mutant exhibited upregulation of vicR regardless of the growth condition. The role of VicK, VicX, and the competence-signal peptide (CSP) was also investigated; the results showed that vicR expression was not autoregulated and was downregulated by the CSP in a ComX-independent manner. In conclusion, the expression of vicRKX is influenced by culture pH, growth phase and antibiotic stress, and is regulated by LiaFRS.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/biossíntese , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Streptococcus mutans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Streptococcus mutans/metabolismo , Ampicilina/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Genes Reporter , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Penicilina G/farmacologia , Polimixina B/farmacologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/metabolismo , Infecções Estreptocócicas/microbiologia , Streptococcus mutans/genética , Ativação Transcricional/efeitos dos fármacos , Vancomicina/farmacologia
4.
Nat Methods ; 5(9): 789-95, 2008 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18677321

RESUMO

Physical and functional interactions define the molecular organization of the cell. Genetic interactions, or epistasis, tend to occur between gene products involved in parallel pathways or interlinked biological processes. High-throughput experimental systems to examine genetic interactions on a genome-wide scale have been devised for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, but have not been reported previously for prokaryotes. Here we describe the development of a quantitative screening procedure for monitoring bacterial genetic interactions based on conjugation of Escherichia coli deletion or hypomorphic strains to create double mutants on a genome-wide scale. The patterns of synthetic sickness and synthetic lethality (aggravating genetic interactions) we observed for certain double mutant combinations provided information about functional relationships and redundancy between pathways and enabled us to group bacterial gene products into functional modules.


Assuntos
Escherichia coli/genética , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Conjugação Genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Mutação
5.
J Comp Neurol ; 498(5): 667-89, 2006 Oct 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16917819

RESUMO

Despite the widespread use of caffeine, the neuronal mechanisms underlying its stimulatory effects are not completely understood. By using c-Fos immunohistochemistry as a marker of neuronal activation, we recently showed that stimulant doses of caffeine activate arousal-promoting hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) neurons. In the present study, we investigated whether other key neurons of the arousal system are also activated by caffeine, via dual immunostaining for c-Fos and transmitter markers. Rats were administered three doses of caffeine or saline vehicle during the light phase. Caffeine at 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p., increased motor activities, including locomotion, compared with after saline or a higher dose, 75 mg/kg. The three doses of caffeine induced distinct dose-related patterns of c-Fos immunoreactivity in several arousal-promoting areas, including orexin neurons and adjacent neurons containing neither orexin nor melanin-concentrating hormone; tuberomammillary histaminergic neurons; locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons; noncholinergic basal forebrain neurons that do not contain parvalbumin; and nondopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. At any dose used, caffeine induced little or no c-Fos expression in cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and mesopontine tegmentum; dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area, central gray, and substantia nigra pars compacta; and serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Saline controls exhibited only few c-Fos-positive cells in most of the cell groups examined. These results indicate that motor-stimulatory doses of caffeine induce a remarkably restricted pattern of c-Fos expression in the arousal-promoting system and suggest that this specific neuronal activation may be involved in the behavioral arousal by caffeine.


Assuntos
Nível de Alerta/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo , Cafeína/administração & dosagem , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/administração & dosagem , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/metabolismo , Animais , Nível de Alerta/fisiologia , Comportamento Animal , Encéfalo/citologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Contagem de Células/métodos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Masculino , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos/genética , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Proteínas Vesiculares de Transporte de Acetilcolina/metabolismo
6.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv ; 67(6): 904-7, 2006 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16649248

RESUMO

This report describes a technique for correct positioning of a stent proximal to a bifurcation lesion treated with V-stents. A second wire passed through the first cell of a stent, the opposite end of the anchor wire technique as first described by Szabo et al, facilitated precise stent placement and eliminated erroneous positioning inside or outside the treated bifurcation lesion.


Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Estenose Coronária/terapia , Stents , Idoso , Cineangiografia , Angiografia Coronária , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino
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