[Heavy metals and hydrocarbons content in soils of settlements of the Yamal-Nenets autonomous region].

In August 2015 there were executed investigations on the study of the soils diversity of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. One of the directions of this work got be the study of urban soils of settlements of the Yamal-Nenents Autonomous Okrug. The sectors for the observation were settlement of Harsaim, village Aksarka, city of Salekhard, settlement Harp and city of Labytnangi. About 20 soil samples were collected during the field work. Samples were collected from a depth of 0-5 cm and 5-20 cm. Heavy metals (HM) were detected with the use of X-ray fluorescent analyzer "Spectroscan-MAX". The HM content values were compared with the corresponding Approxible Permissible Concentrations and Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) adopted in Russia. Hydrocarbons content was determined by gravimetric method. Values of the hydrocarbons content in studied soils were compared with the existing regulations of the Russian Federation. The levels of soil contamination by hydrocarbons were determined. The study of soil samples from different settlements allowed to reveal characteristic features of soil contamination of separate settlements by HM and hydrocarbons and to compare them against each other. The vast majority of samples are characterized by arsenic exceedance of MAC, which should indicate to a high regional background of this element. For a more adequate assessment of the Zc meaning as the value of the total pollution index of soils there were used not only arithmetical average values of the coefficients of the chemical composition concentration (Kc), but also their average geometric values. According to levels of total soil contamination most of soil samples are characterized as non-hazardous (Zc<16). Calculation of soil pollution index showed that the most of soil samples have values less than 1. It characterizes soils as unpolluted. Statistical processing of obtained data in the media of the analytical software interface STATISTICA 10 showed a statistically significant difference in the content ofHM and hydrocarbons for the layer of 0-20 cm of the soils for three elements (Cu, Zn, Ni).

[CONTENT OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN SOILS OF ANTARCTIC STATIONS REGIONS].

Comparative investigation of the soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) has been performed on examples of three polar stations of the Antarctic Peninsula. Data obtained are especially interesting for the Ukrainian Antarctic station "Academician Vernadsky" were no such investigations were performed since the technogenic spill of the hydrocarbons in 1992. Results of investigations permit to establish the values of the total background level of the PAC pollution as the base for the further monitoring of anthropogenic contamination. The data of analysis of soils from the all ecological zones of Point Thomas oasis (Polish Station "Genrik Artstovskiy") show the PAC homogenous background pollution to be similar to identified at the Galindez Island (the region of the station Academician Vernadskiy). Local pollutions are revealed in some areas of the Galindez Island. At the same time results of the investigation of the soils pollution from the various areas of the Fildes Peninsula (the station Bellingshausen.) show the absence of clearly pronounced contrast between the background and "hot points" that is likely related with the even pollution of the Peninsula. There was demonstrated the necessity of the development of regional standards and the establishment of a local background concentrations of PACs within the Antarctic Peninsula. At the same time, significant differences between the contamination of soils taken from the stations"Academician Vernadsky" and "Bellingshausen", apparently are associated with a lesser capacity of soils on the island Galindez that in the commensurable pollution creates greater concentrations in an investigated sample of the soil. There was shown the necessity of the development of the regional standard and the establishment of a local background concentrations of PACs within the Antarctic Peninsula.

[Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content in Antarctica soils as exemplified by the Russian polar stations].

The comprehensive study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils of Antarctica (reference landscapes--mountains Hudson, Haswell Archipelago contaminated soil--Mirny, Druznaya-4, Bellingshausen--and imported soils) was performed with the use of HPLC in a gradient mode. A characteristic feature of the studied PAHs content of soils is the predominance of low-molecular polyarenes in them. Due to anthropogenic pollution the quantitative accumulation of both light and heavy PAHs occurs under the qualitative increase in the proportion of heavy polyarenes. Polyarenes pool in the studied soils is represented mainly by light PAHs: naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, etc. The content of benzo(a)pyrene does not exceed the MCL (adopted in the Russian Federation) for this ecotoxicant. Performed primary factual and statistical analysis of data permitted to reveal that heavy PAH pollution of Antarctica soils is in the most initial stage, there is no sustained and statistically significant accumulation of PAHs in soils of maritime as well as continental Antarctica. There are established the levels of the actual content of various PAHs in soils of different regions of the Antarctica, which is the basic data for further comparative analysis of data of geochemical studies.