RESUMO
A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted to develop and field test a state-wide screening method for identifying children at risk for developmental problems. Families of 2.5- to 3-year-old children were sampled from the Ohio birth certificate register. Standardized telephone interviews were conducted with 1,601 parents concerning home environment and demographic characteristics. Developmental delay, the outcome variable, was defined by low scores on an abbreviated Developmental Profile II, which was also administered over the telephone. Obstetric history and health status of the newborns was obtained from birth certificates. By means of logistic regression analysis, we found six independent variables representing environmental and biological determinants.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/diagnóstico , Meio Ambiente , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Coleta de Dados , Família , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prontuários Médicos , Análise Multivariada , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Definitions of risk, types of risk factors used in longitudinal studies of the development of infants and toddlers (0-3 years), and the predictive power of risk models in assessing developmental delays are reviewed. Biologic factors in combination with environmental risk factors give the best prediction of long-term outcome. When biological or environmental risk factors are examined independently, they are not powerful predictors. Recommendations are made for repeated screening for developmental risk factors during the first 3 years, and a model for provision of services is presented that assumes a differential risk algorithm.
Assuntos
Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/prevenção & controle , Programas de Rastreamento/normas , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/normas , Pré-Escolar , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/epidemiologia , Família , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Longitudinais , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A modified version of Flaherty's (1986) Preschool Health Picture Interview was administered to 30 preschool children to explore their conceptions of health and health behaviors. Health was conceptualized as a positive feeling state and the ability to participate in desired activities. Brushing teeth and eating were the highest ranked health-promotion behaviors. Behaviors harmful to health were explained in terms of immediate physical consequences. Responses to all questions were predominantly behavioral. A t test showed that the mean number of moral responses given by boys to all questions was significantly greater (p = 0.04) than the mean number given by girls although no significant differences between boys' and girls' responses were found for any subgroup of questions.
